Risk factors for severe influenza a virus infections in post-2009 pandemic period

Introduction. Literature data concerning risk factors for severe influenza in post-2009 pandemic period, from low- and middle-income Central and Eastern European countries are very limited. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for severe A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) influenza during the post-2009 pandemic period. Methods. During four consecutive seasons of 2010/2011-2013/2014, nasopharyngeal or nasal and pharyngeal swab samples from 153 patients with mild and 147 patients with severe influenza were tested using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT PCR) assays. Results. The study indicated three statistically significant risk factors of influenza severity, including presence of chronic underlying illness/condition [odds ratio (OR) of 15.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.8-125.4, p = 0.001), age ?15 years (OR 9.2, 95% CI 3.5-24.1, p < 0.001), and delay in medical care of more than two days after the symptoms onset (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.6-6.4, p = 0.001). Conclusion. Obtained results confirmed that patients with chronic underlying illness/condition and older than 15 years had the highest risk for serious complications from influenza and highlighted the importance of start of antiviral therapy within the first two days of illness in order to reduce the risk for the most severe outcomes of influenza, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and lethal outcome.

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Protein profiling of nasopharyngeal aspirates of hospitalized and outpatients revealed cytokines associated with severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infections: A pilot study

Cytokine ◽

10.1016/j.cyto.2016.07.003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 ◽

pp. 10-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yu Fu ◽

Lana Gaelings ◽

Petri Jalovaara ◽

Laura Kakkola ◽

Mervi T. Kinnunen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Influenza A ◽

Protein Profiling ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Severe Influenza ◽

Pdm09 Virus ◽

Influenza A H1n1

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Risk factors for nosocomial infection among hospitalised severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 patients

Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.rmed.2017.11.017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 134 ◽

pp. 86-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fei Zhou ◽

Hui Li ◽

Li Gu ◽

Meng Liu ◽

Chun-xue Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Nosocomial Infection ◽

Influenza A ◽

Severe Influenza ◽

Influenza A H1n1

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Human-to-human transmission of avian influenza A/H7N7, The Netherlands, 2003

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/esm.10.12.00584-en ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 3-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

M Du Ry van Beest Holle ◽

A Meijer ◽

M Koopmans ◽

C M de Jager

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Stable Model ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Poultry Workers ◽

Household Members

An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus subtype H7N7 began in poultry farms in the Netherlands in 2003. Virus infection was detected by RT-PCR in 86 poultry workers and three household contacts of PCR-positive poultry workers, mainly associated with conjunctivitis. To determine the magnitude of and risk factors for human-to-human transmission of influenza A/H7N7 in the Netherlands, a retrospective cohort study among household members of infected poultry workers was undertaken. In total, 33 (58.9%) of 56 (among 62) participants who provided blood samples had positive H7 serology, using single convalescent serum samples obtained at least 3 weeks after onset of symptoms of the index case. Eight household members (12.9%) reported symptoms (conjunctivitis and/or ILI), of which four of five (80.0%) tested seropositive. On univariate analysis, significant risk factors for seropositivity included having at least two toilets, a pet bird, and using cloth handkerchiefs. It was not possible to obtain a stable model for binomial regression for the outcome of A/H7N7 infection. Further seroprevalence studies among contacts of asymptomatic H7 cases should be conducted.

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Risk Factors for Severe Influenza A–Related Pneumonia in Adult Cohort, Mexico, 2013–14

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3201/eid2009.140115 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1554-1558 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alejandro Gómez-Gómez ◽

Martin Magaña-Aquino ◽

Sofía Bernal-Silva ◽

Javier Araujo-Meléndez ◽

Andreu Comas-García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Influenza A ◽

Severe Influenza

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Demographic and ecological risk factors for human influenza A virus infections in rural Indonesia

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses ◽

10.1111/irv.12468 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 425-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elisabeth Dowling Root ◽

Dwi Agustian ◽

Cissy Kartasasmita ◽

Timothy M. Uyeki ◽

Eric A. F. Simões

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Influenza A ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Human Influenza ◽

Ecological Risk Factors

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Risk factors for delirium among hospitalized patients in Zambia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0249097

Author(s):

Justin K. Banerdt ◽

Kondwelani Mateyo ◽

Yan Yan ◽

Dandan Liu ◽

Yi Zuo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Severity Of Illness ◽

Confusion Assessment Method ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

University Teaching ◽

Middle Income ◽

History Of ◽

The University

Objective To identify risk factors for delirium among hospitalized patients in Zambia. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, from October 2017 to April 2018. We report associations of exposures including sociodemographic and clinical factors with delirium over the first three days of hospital admission, assessed using a modified Brief Confusion Assessment Method (bCAM). Findings 749 patients were included for analysis (mean age, 42.9 years; 64.8% men; 47.3% with HIV). In individual regression analyses of potential delirium risk factors adjusted for age, sex and education, factors significantly associated with delirium included being divorced/widowed (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.09–2.47), lowest tercile income (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04–2.40), informal employment (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.25–3.15), untreated HIV infection (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.21–4.06), unknown HIV status (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.47–6.16), history of stroke (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.15–7.19), depression/anxiety (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.08–2.14), alcohol overuse (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.39–2.79), sedatives ordered on admission (OR 3.77, 95% CI 1.70–9.54), severity of illness (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.82–2.22), neurological (OR 7.66, 95% CI 4.90–12.24) and pulmonary-system admission diagnoses (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.29–2.85), and sepsis (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.51–4.08). After combining significant risk factors into a multivariable regression analysis, severity of illness, history of stroke, and being divorced/widowed remained predictive of delirium (p<0.05). Conclusion Among hospitalized adults at a national referral hospital in Zambia, severity of illness, history of stroke, and being divorced/widowed were independently predictive of delirium. Extension of this work will inform future efforts to prevent, detect, and manage delirium in low- and middle-income countries.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for H1N1 and H3N2 Influenza A Virus Infections in Minnesota Turkey Premises

Avian Diseases ◽

10.1637/10037-121211-reg.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 488-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Cesar A. Corzo ◽

Marie Gramer ◽

Dale Lauer ◽

Peter R. Davies

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Virus Infections ◽

H3n2 Influenza

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Influenza in hospitalized children in Ireland in the pandemic period and the 2010/2011 season: risk factors for paediatric intensive-care-unit admission

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268813002732 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 142 (9) ◽

pp. 1826-1835 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. REBOLLEDO ◽

D. IGOE ◽

J. O'DONNELL ◽

L. DOMEGAN ◽

M. BOLAND ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Paediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽

Influenza A ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Paediatric Intensive Care ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Influenza A H1n1

SUMMARYInfluenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in children. This study's objectives were to describe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during the pandemic, to compare it with circulating influenza in 2010/2011, and to identify risk factors for severe influenza defined as requiring admission to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Children hospitalized with influenza during the pandemic were older, and more likely to have received antiviral therapy than children hospitalized during the 2010/2011 season. In 2010/2011, only one child admitted to a PICU with underlying medical conditions had been vaccinated. The risk of severe illness in the pandemic was higher in females and those with underlying conditions. In 2010/2011, infection with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 compared to other influenza viruses was a significant risk factor for severe disease. An incremental relationship was found between the number of underlying conditions and PICU admission. These findings highlight the importance of improving low vaccination uptake and increasing the use of antivirals in vulnerable children.

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Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy in Moldova

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57060540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 540

Author(s):

Ecaterina Bufteac Gincota ◽

Reidun Jahnsen ◽

Larisa Spinei ◽

Guro L. Andersen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Reference Group ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Home Birth ◽

Middle Income ◽

Breech Delivery ◽

Low Middle Income Countries ◽

Maternal Hypertension

Background and Objectives: This is the first study assessing risk factors for cerebral palsy (CP) among children born in Moldova. The aim of this study was to identify and describe risk factors for cerebral palsy (CP) among children born in Moldova, which is one of the low-middle income countries in Europe. Materials and Methods: We identified 351 children with CP born during 2009 and 2010 in Moldova. Detailed information on 417 children without CP served as a reference group. Logistic regression analyses were applied to the calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) for CP with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in addition to attributable fraction (AF). Results: Among children with CP (40.5% girls), 26% had spastic unilateral, 54% bilateral, 13% dyskinetic, 5% ataxic and 2% unclassified CP. Significant risk factors for CP included maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy (OR 1.7, p = 0.002), maternal hypertension (OR 2.0, p < 0.001), children born to mothers from the rural areas (OR 1.6, p < 0.001), maternal age ≥35 years (OR 0.6, p = 0.018), maternal epilepsy (OR 4.3, p < 0.001), breech delivery (OR 3.1, p = 0.001), home births (OR 6.3, p = 0.001), umbilical cord around neck (OR 2.2, p < 0.001), AVD (OR 3.1, p < 0.001), male gender (OR 1.3, p < 0.001), SGA (OR 1.3, p = 0.027), multiple gestations (OR 1.7, p < 0.001) and hyperbilirubinemia (OR 4.5, p < 0.001). Multivariable analyses showed that the AF of CP was 64% for rural residence (OR 2.8, p = 0.002), 87% for home birth (7.6, p = 0.005), 79% for pre-labor rupture of membrane (OR 4.9, p = 0.001), 66% for breech delivery (OR 2.9, p = 0.002) and 81% for hyperbilirubinemia (OR 5.4, p < 0.001). Conclusions: A combination of factors related to the mother, the delivery and the child were risk factors for CP in Moldova, many of them possibly avoidable. Improved pregnancy and maternity care would potentially reduce the risk of CP. A national CP registry in Moldova is suggested as an opportunity to follow up on these findings.

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