Aetiological factors of molar incisor hypomineralization

Introduction. Teeth hypomineralization that involves molars only, or molars and incisors is known as disease Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH). Aetiology of MIH is not known, however, factors responsible for this disease are present in the first year of life. The aim of this research was to identify possible aetiological factors responsible for the occurrence of this disease. Material and Methods. The study included eight years old children from the municipality of Foca. Parents who gave their consent for the participation of children in the study completed a questionnaire in which they listed aetiological factors described in the literature to be responsible for the emergence of hypomineralization. Modified DDE index (Modified DDE Index for Use in Epidemiological Surveys) was used to estimate hypomineralization on all teeth; however, MIH changes were classified separately. Results. More than ninety different factors may be responsible for enamel defects. Possible aetiological factors listed in the literature are: premature birth, low weight of newborns, hypoxia, metabolic disorder of calcium and phosphate, fever, genetic factors, etc. Results did not confirm statistical significance for any of examined aetiological factors. Conclusion. In this study a retrospective analysis of data was performed. Etiological factors of MIH were identified but the most responsible for MIH were not determined.

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Somatic dysfunctions in children of the ﬁrst year of life: features of formation

Russian Osteopathic Journal ◽

10.32885/2220-0975-2021-1-34-44 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-44

Author(s):

Yu. O. Kuzmina ◽

E. S. Tregubova ◽

E. S. Mokhova ◽

Yu. P. Potekhina

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

First Year ◽

Term Infants ◽

North West ◽

Birth Canal ◽

Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽

Natural Birth ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Physiological Childbirth

Introduction. The health status of children of the ﬁrst year of life is primarily affected by the course of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as hereditary factors. During the newborn period, reversible disorders may occur, which can be estimated as somatic dysfunction (SD). The formation of SD in young children has its own causes and features, which have not been studied in detail until now.The goal of research — is to study the features of the osteopathic status in children of the ﬁrst year of life with different patterns of pregnancy and delivery methods for their mothers.Materials and methods. Since 2015, for 5 years, a prospective multicenter study has been conducted to investigate the osteopathic status of children of the ﬁrst year of life under a single protocol in 6 cities of Russia, organized by the Institute of Osteopathy (St. Petersburg) and the Department of Osteopathy of Mechnikov North-West State Medical University. A total of 360 full-term infants aged 1 to 12 months with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system, and practically healthy ones were examined. All children underwent an osteopathic examination, and a detailed history of pregnancy and childbirth was collected. Based on the results of the obstetric history analysis the following groups were selected: physiological course of pregnancy, ending in physiological childbirth through the natural birth canal — 62 people; physiological course of pregnancy, ending with operative delivery — 25 people; physiological course of pregnancy, ending in complicated labor through the natural birth canal — 20 people; pregnancy with complications, ending in physiological childbirth through the natural birth canal — 104 people. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out by nonparametric methods using the Statistica 10.0 software.Results. In children born by physiological childbirth with complicated pregnancy, a smaller number of local SD (p=0,04) and a larger number of global SD were detected, but the difference with the subgroup of the pregnancy physiological course did not reach the statistical signiﬁcance. In children whose mothers had a physiological course of pregnancy, but childbirth proceeded with complications and required the use of obstetric assistance, the signiﬁcantly more number of regional SD were revealed (p<0,0001) compared with children born in physiological childbirth. The latter had a greater number of local SD of the craniosacral system (p=0,035). In children born by caesarean section and in children born through the natural birth canal without complications, the number of global, regional and local SD did not differ statistically signiﬁcantly. Osteopathic examination of children in the ﬁrst year of life showed that the ﬁrst three places in the structure of dominant SD were occupied by SD of the neck, head, and dura mater.Conclusion. Based on the data obtained as a result of the study, it can be assumed the presence of numerous factors that can lead to the formation of various SD in children of the ﬁrst year of life during pregnancy and especially during childbirth. It is necessary to further study the features of the osteopathic state in children in the postnatal period.

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LONGITUDINAL EEG-CLINICAL CORRELATIONS IN CHILDREN FROM BIRTH TO 4 YEARS OF AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.41.5.945 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 945-954

Author(s):

Fernando Torres ◽

Michael E. Blaw

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

First Year ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

The Difference ◽

Focal Abnormality ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Single Focus

One hundred-thirty children who had an EEG during their first days of life and who were registered in a clinical longitudinal study were followed with concurrent clinical and EEG examinations every 4 months for the first year of life and at 2, 3, and 4 years of age. Thirty children had EEG characteristics which are frequently considered abnormal in their neonatal record. Twenty-three children had clinical abnormalities during the 4-year period covered by the study. There was no significant correlation between a single EEG and clinical abnormalities at any age. Newborn infants with more than one focal abnormality in their EEG presented clinical abnormalities more frequently than those with a single focus. The difference, however, did not attain statistical significance. Children with an abnormal EEG at birth and an additional abnormal record later, had a higher incidence of clinical abnormalities than those with only an abnormal neonatal EEG. However, this finding is of questionable significance because the children who had clinical abnormalities had a larger number of EEG's than the normal subjects. It is expected that continued follow-up of these children at more advanced stages of their development may give a positive EEG-clinical correlation which was not found in this study.

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Association Study on Nutrition in the First Year of Life and Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH)—Results from the GINIplus and LISA Birth Cohort Studies

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11411

Author(s):

Yeganeh Khazaei ◽

Carla P. Harris ◽

Joachim Heinrich ◽

Marie Standl ◽

Jan Kühnisch

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Food Group ◽

Permanent Dentition ◽

First Year ◽

Food Groups ◽

Time Points ◽

Food Items ◽

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽

First Year Of Life

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a condition with specific clinical presentation whose etiology to date still remains unknown. This study prospectively investigated the association between nutrition during the 1st year of life and the presence of MIH in the permanent dentition. Data from 1070 10-year-old children from two prospective birth cohort studies were included. Information on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and introduction of 48 food items into the child’s diet was assessed at 4-, 6-, and 12-month time-points. Food diversity was defined according to the number of food items or food groups introduced into the child’s diet and then subsequent categorization into low-, middle- and high-diversity groups was performed. MIH was scored in the permanent dentition at age of 10 years. The statistical analysis included logistic and Poisson hurdle regression models adjusted for potential confounders. EBF, food item and food group diversity at 4-, 6-, 12-month time-points were found to be non-significant in most of the categories for the development of MIH. However, significantly higher odds for the presence of MIH were found for certain categories. Despite the limitation of this study, such as arbitrary cut-offs for categorization of food items, the results of this study suggest the lack of an association between early nutrition in the first year of life and MIH in the permanent dentition.

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Prevalence and predisponent factors of molar-incisor hypomineralization in primary dentition

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v20i00.8661202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. e211202

Author(s):

Ana de Lourdes Sá de Lira ◽

Francisca Janiele de Sousa ◽

Francisco Dário Carvalho de Sousa ◽

Maria Karen Vasconcelos Fontenele ◽

Carlos Kelvin Campos Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severity Index ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Primary Dentition ◽

Control Group ◽

First Year ◽

Public And Private ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽

First Year Of Life

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and predisposing factors for hypomineralization of second molars in children in primary dentition. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to parents to analyze predisposing factors and to assist in the diagnosis of hypomineralization in children between 2 and 6 years old, followed by an intraoral examination based on indices of non-fluorotic enamel defects in the primary dentition, according to the “Modified Index DDE” to determine demarcated opacity and HSPM presence / severity index to assess hypomineralization. Children from public and private schools were dived into two groups: if they presented HSPM-Group 1 (G1) and if they did not have HSPM-Control group (CG). Results: The most frequent predisposing factors associated with the child were Illness in the first year of life (X2= 6.49; p=0.01) and antibiotic use in the first year of life (X2= 41.82; p= 0.01). The factors associated with the mother were hypertension (X2= 9.36; p=0.01), infections during pregnancy (X2=14.80; p=0.01) and alcohol consumption during pregnancy (X2=97.33; p=0.01). There was a prevalence of 3.9% of HSPM in 14 children, with statistical difference regarding gender (X2 = 4.57; p <0.05), with boys presenting a higher frequency. In G1 hypomineralization was of the type with demarcated opacity, with more prevalent characteristics the yellowish spot, with moderate post-eruptive fracture and acceptable atypical restorations. All lesions were located in the labial region with 1/3 of extension. Conclusion: The prevalence of HSPM in children between 2 and 6 years old was 3.9%, with a predominance in males, with tooth 65 being the most affected. There was an association between HSPM and infection in the first year of life, as well as the use of antibiotics and sensitivity in the teeth affected by the lesion. There was an association between HSPM and hypertension, infection and mothers' alcohol use during pregnancy.

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Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial Assessing the Effect of Fructooligosaccharides in Infants with Constipation

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10111602 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1602 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniela Souza ◽

Soraia Tahan ◽

Thabata Weber ◽

Humberto Araujo-Filho ◽

Mauro de Morais

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Transit Time ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Control Group ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

First Year ◽

Therapeutic Success ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

First Year Of Life

Constipation often begins in the first year of life. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in the treatment of infants with constipation. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial included infants with constipation who were randomly assigned to one of two parallel groups: FOS or placebo. Either the FOS supplement or the placebo was added to the infant formula. Thirty-six infants completed the 4-week intervention. Therapeutic success occurred in 83.3% of the FOS group infants and in 55.6% of the control group infants (p = 0.073; one-tailed test). Compared with the control group, the FOS group exhibited a higher frequency of softer stools (p = 0.035) and fewer episodes of straining and/or difficulty passing stools (p = 0.041). At the end of the intervention, the mouth-to-anus transit time was shorter (22.4 and 24.5 h, p = 0.035), and the Bifidobacterium sp. count was higher (p = 0.006) in the FOS group. In conclusion, the use of FOS in infants with constipation was associated with significant improvement in symptoms, but the results showed no statistical significance regarding the success of the therapy compared with the control group. FOS was associated with reduced bowel transit time and higher counts of the genus Bifidobacterium in the stool.

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Growth and feeding practices to newborn with very low weight along the first year of life - descriptive study

Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing ◽

10.5935/1676-4285.20103074 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anelize Helena Sassá ◽

Kayna Trombini Schmidt ◽

Elen Ferraz Teston ◽

Sonia Silva Marcon

Keyword(s):

Feeding Practices ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

First Year ◽

Low Weight ◽

First Year Of Life

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The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd18.1.19 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Maggie-Lee Huckabee

Keyword(s):

Cortical Activation ◽

First Year ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Nasal Airflow ◽

Single Session ◽

Primary Finding ◽

Patterns Of Behavior ◽

Cortical Modulation ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

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