scholarly journals The influence of organic modification on the structural and adsorptive properties of bentonite clay and its application for the removal of lead

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stojiljkovic ◽  
M. Stamenkovic ◽  
D. Kostic ◽  
M. Miljkovic ◽  
B. Arsic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Organic Modification ◽  
Adsorptive Properties

Organic modification of mineral clay using the monomer ethenyl acetate was performed. The exchange of inorganic interlayer clay cations was achieved using the cationic surfactant Genamine CTAC and Asepsol. Aiming to investigate the influence of organic modifications on adsorptive clay properties, dried composites of clay/ethenyl acetate, with different percentages of clay were soaked in distilled water. The influence of the temperature on the adsorptive properties of organoclays was also followed. The adsorptive properties of the obtained composites of organoclays with Luviskol, Carbopole and purine were investigated along with their capability for removing Pb2+ from water in charged systems.

scholarly journals Removal of Copper Ions from Aqueous Solution by Bentonite Clay Applied in Soil in Leaching Columns

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Gilvanise Alves Tito ◽  
Lúcia Helena Garófalo Chaves ◽  
Hugo Orlando Carvallo Guerra ◽  
Josely Dantas Fernandes ◽  
Iêde de Brito Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Copper Ions ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Copper Leaching ◽  
Vertical Support ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Leaching Columns

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of bentonite applied in soil, on the removal of copper (Cu) from aqueous solutions, in leaching columns. The experiment was carried out at laboratory using leaching columns filled with 4 kg of soil mixed with bentonite according to treatments B0, B30, B60 and B90, that is, 0; 30; 60 and 90 t ha-1 of bentonite. Each leaching column (experimental unit) was constituted of a PVC tube, with 0.10m of diameter and 0.50m height sectioned in two 0.20 m rings (10-30 cm and 30-40 cm) and one, on the top, of 0.10 m high, reserved for a hydraulic head of 0.08 m. The columns were placed in a vertical support and saturated with distilled water by capillary ascension. Then percolation began, passing through the column five volumes of pores (initially four liters of water contaminated with 1000 mg of Cu and afterwards one liter of distilled water). Ten leached aliquots of 0.5 volume of pores were collected and stored in polypropylene flasks in a refrigerator for quantification of copper (Cu) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. At the end of the tests, the solid material contained in each ring was collected and the Cu concentration determinated. Increasing doses of bentonite increased Cu retention in soil; Cu was more retained in the surface layer in all treatments; there was no copper leaching from the columns with 60 and 90 t ha-1 of bentonite application, indicating that all copper was retained in the soil avoiding thus potential risks for groundwater contamination.

Adsorptive removal of acid red from aqueous solutions by cationic surfactant-modified bentonite clay

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1929-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manohar D. Mullassery ◽  
Noeline B. Fernandez ◽  
Thayyath S. Anirudhan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Modified Bentonite ◽  
Adsorptive Removal

Modification of bentonite clay by a cationic surfactant to be used as a viscosity enhancer in vegetable-oil-based drilling fluid

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Avelino Ratkievicius ◽  
Fernando José Vieira Da Cunha Filho ◽  
Eduardo Lins De Barros Neto ◽  
Vanessa Cristina Santanna
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Bentonite Clay

scholarly journals Performance of Sudanese activated bentonite in bleaching cottonseed oil

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal K Taha ◽  
Tagelsir M Suleiman ◽  
Musa A Musa
Keyword(s):  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Octahedral Sheet ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Activated Bentonite ◽  
Enhanced Surface

Bentonite clay collected from Jabal Umm Ali area NE of Khartoum (Sudan) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was then purified by treatment with distilled water and activated with sulfuric acid at 90 ºC for 3.5 hrs. XRD indicated modification of activated bentonite with enhanced surface area. Several cations were removed from octahedral sheet (Mg, Al, and Fe). Increasing the acid concentration enhanced the degree of destruction of bentonite structure.  On bleaching semi-refined cottonseed oil with activated bentonite, 30% acid concentration was found to be optimal for color removal and that the local activated bentonite is more efficient in bleaching vegetable oil than the standard one. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9708 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 191-201, 2011

Simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate using cross-flow micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF)

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-K. Kim ◽  
K. Baek ◽  
J.-W. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Micellar Enhanced Ultrafiltration

The feasibility of cross-flow micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) was investigated to remove nitrate and phosphate simultaneously. At the above critical micelle concentration (CMC), a cationic surfactant added in wastewater forms micelles, which have positive charge on their surface. Anionic contaminants such as nitrate and phosphate can be bound on the micelles by electrostatic interaction, and the micelle-pollutants complex is removed effectively by ultrafiltration. In this study, a cross-flow MEUF system was designed and investigated the feasibility of MEUF for field application. A cationic surfactant, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), was used, and the synthetic wastewater was treated by the polyacrylonitrile membranes with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 30,000 Da and 10,000 Da. With the molar ratio of CPC to total pollutants of > 3, > 86% of nitrate and > 91% of phosphate were removed, respectively, and > 97% of CPC was also rejected. The flux was maintained 20Ð30% of the flux of distilled water. Therefore, it is feasible to remove nitrate and phosphate simultaneously using the cross-flow MEUF system.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

Freeze-fracture, freeze-etch complementary pairs of virus-infected cells reveal value of etching even when relatively high concentrations of cryoprotectants are used

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Virus Infected Plant ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
High Concentrations

It has been assumed by many involved in freeze-etch or freeze-fracture studies that it would be useless to etch specimens which were cryoprotected by more than 15% glycerol. We presumed that the amount of cryoprotective material exposed at the surface would serve as a contaminating layer and prevent the visualization of fine details. Recent unexpected freeze-etch results indicated that it would be useful to compare complementary replicas in which one-half of the frozen-fractured specimen would be shadowed and replicated immediately after fracturing whereas the complement would be etched at -98°C for 1 to 10 minutes before being shadowed and replicated.Standard complementary replica holders (Steere, 1973) with hinges removed were used for this study. Specimens consisting of unfixed virus-infected plant tissue infiltrated with 0.05 M phosphate buffer or distilled water were used without cryoprotectant. Some were permitted to settle through gradients to the desired concentrations of different cryoprotectants.

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