Simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate using cross-flow micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF)

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-K. Kim ◽  
K. Baek ◽  
J.-W. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Micellar Enhanced Ultrafiltration

The feasibility of cross-flow micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) was investigated to remove nitrate and phosphate simultaneously. At the above critical micelle concentration (CMC), a cationic surfactant added in wastewater forms micelles, which have positive charge on their surface. Anionic contaminants such as nitrate and phosphate can be bound on the micelles by electrostatic interaction, and the micelle-pollutants complex is removed effectively by ultrafiltration. In this study, a cross-flow MEUF system was designed and investigated the feasibility of MEUF for field application. A cationic surfactant, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), was used, and the synthetic wastewater was treated by the polyacrylonitrile membranes with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 30,000 Da and 10,000 Da. With the molar ratio of CPC to total pollutants of > 3, > 86% of nitrate and > 91% of phosphate were removed, respectively, and > 97% of CPC was also rejected. The flux was maintained 20Ð30% of the flux of distilled water. Therefore, it is feasible to remove nitrate and phosphate simultaneously using the cross-flow MEUF system.

Simultaneous Removal of SO2 and NO from Flue Gas Using Ozone

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2721-2725
Author(s):  
Xu Jie Lu
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
No Removal ◽  
Operating Condition ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The objective of this work was to study the effect of some operating condition on the simultaneous removal of NO and SO2from simulated flue gas in the lab-scale agitated bubbling reactor. The experimental results showed that NO removal efficiency increased with the increase in the molar ratio of O3/NO, while removal efficiency of SO2decreased. When absorption liquid changed from distilled water to Na2CO3solution, it is observed that removal efficiencies of NO and SO2increase with the increase in the concentration of Na2CO3solution. At 0.08 mol/L of Na2CO3solution, the removal efficiencies of SO2and NO are 100% and 93%, respectively

Solubility Enhancement of the Poorly Water-Soluble Antiulcer Drug Famotidine by Inclusion Complexation

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1983-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Ain ◽  
V Gupta ◽  
Babita K ◽  
Q Ain ◽  
J Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Physical Mixture ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Phase Solubility ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Physicochemical Interaction ◽  
Mixture Phase

Aqueous solubility is a critical factor for optimum drug delivery. In the present study, we investigated the potential of drug-cyclodextrin complexation as an approach for improving the solubility and bioavailability of famotidine, an H2-receptor antagonist and acid reducing drug which has poor solubility and bioavailability. Solubility improvement of drug by β-cyclodextrin was done by simple complexation approach using physical, kneading and co-precipitation methods and compared with physical mixture. Phase solubility profile indicated that the solubility of famotidine was significantly increased in presence of β-cyclodextrin and shows a linear graph with β-cyclodextrin indicating formation of inclusion complexes in a 1:1 molar ratio. β-Cyclodextrin-famotidine mixture have maximum stability constant 1477.6 M-1. The inclusion complex ratio 1:1 of kneading mixture was selected based on drug release profile and compared with physical mixture. Further characterization was done by  using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify the physicochemical interaction between drug and carrier and its effect on dissolution. Dissolution rate studies for selected inclusion complex was performed in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2), phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and distilled water (pH 6.8) and compared these to pure drug profile which was found to be 2.34 fold increase in distilled water, 1.83 fold in HCl and 2.01 fold in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). These results suggest that the kneaded complex of famotidine with β-cyclodextrin as hydrophilic complexation agent can substantially enhance the solubility and dissolution rate. Such complex has promising potential to improve the bioavailability of famotidine.  

scholarly journals ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF TITANIA-SILICA MEMBRANES OBTAINED ON CERAMIC SUBSTRАTE

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-280
Author(s):  
T. F. Kouznetsova ◽  
A. I. Ivanets ◽  
J. D. Sauka
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Quartz Substrate ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Silica Membranes ◽  
Metal Silicate ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Titania-silica membranes on a porous quartz substrate are prepared by its direct contact with metal silicate sol at various Ti/Si ratios in the conditions of coagel sedimentation and presence of cetylpyridinium chloride. The study of textural and adsorption properties of membranes is conducted by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption, including methods of t-plots and DFT theory. It was shown that obtained membranes have mesoporous structure with the specific surface area and pore hydraulic diameter varied in intervals of 64–217 m2 /g and 4–11 nm, respectively. Developed values of surface area remain up to molar ratio of Ti/Si = 50/50.

scholarly journals The influence of organic modification on the structural and adsorptive properties of bentonite clay and its application for the removal of lead

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stojiljkovic ◽  
M. Stamenkovic ◽  
D. Kostic ◽  
M. Miljkovic ◽  
B. Arsic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Organic Modification ◽  
Adsorptive Properties

Organic modification of mineral clay using the monomer ethenyl acetate was performed. The exchange of inorganic interlayer clay cations was achieved using the cationic surfactant Genamine CTAC and Asepsol. Aiming to investigate the influence of organic modifications on adsorptive clay properties, dried composites of clay/ethenyl acetate, with different percentages of clay were soaked in distilled water. The influence of the temperature on the adsorptive properties of organoclays was also followed. The adsorptive properties of the obtained composites of organoclays with Luviskol, Carbopole and purine were investigated along with their capability for removing Pb2+ from water in charged systems.

Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration for the solubilization of various phenolic compounds with different surfactants

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hui Huang ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Guang-Ming Zeng ◽  
Lei Peng ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Micellar Enhanced Ultrafiltration ◽  
Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate

Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) was applied to the separation of phenolic compounds p-nitrophenol (PNP), p-chlorophenol (PCP), p-cresol (PC) and phenol (P) from effluents using a hydrophilic polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane. Cationic cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), nonionic TX-100 and anionic sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) were chosen as the surfactants. Several important parameters, i.e. the separation efficiency, the distribution coefficient of phenolic compounds and the removal ratio of surfactants, were investigated. It was shown that the separation efficiency and the distribution coefficient of phenolic compounds ascended with the increasing surfactant concentration and could be arranged as the following order: PNP > PCP > PC > P. Moreover, in the case of phenolic compound separation, CPC achieved the highest treatment efficiency, and the separation efficiency of SDBS was a little lower than that of TX-100. The removal ratios of the same surfactant when treating different phenolic effluents were nearly similar. However, when treating the same phenolic compound, the sequence of the surfactant rejection was in the following order: TX-100 > CPC > SDBS. These results indicate that CPC has a distinct superiority in the treatment of phenolic effluents via the MEUF process, and PNP easily solubilizes in the surface of the micelles.

Sorbent-modified biodegradation studies of the biocidal cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride

2019 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 109417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Timmer ◽  
David Gore ◽  
David Sanders ◽  
Todd Gouin ◽  
Steven T.J. Droge
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride

scholarly journals Static and dynamic properties of decane/water microemulsions stabilized by cetylpyridinium chloride cationic surfactant and octanol cosurfactant

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (59) ◽  
pp. 36155-36163
Author(s):  
M. Lemaalem ◽  
R. Ahfir ◽  
A. Derouiche ◽  
M. Filali
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Interaction Potential ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Dynamics Simulation

We report a molecular dynamics simulation using a proven effective interaction potential to study the physical properties of decane/water microemulsions.

Effect of Doped Iron on Fluoride Sorption by Calcined MgAlFe-CO3 Layered Double Hydroxides

2013 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Yu Bing Pu ◽  
Jia Rui Wang ◽  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Peng Cai ◽  
Si Yuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Layered Double Hydroxides ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽  
Fluoride Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Double Hydroxides

A series of MgAlFe-CO3 layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were successfully prepared by co-precipitation method. With synthetic wastewater, the effect of doped iron on fluoride sorption by calcined MgAlFe-CO3 layered double hydroxides (CLDH) under different pH and contact time conditions was investigated. The sorption isotherm data were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm at 25 °C. The maximum sorption capacity of fluoride on CLDH increases first and then decreases with the increase of Fe/Al molar ratio and attains maximum of 71.94 mg/g when Fe/Al molar ratio is 1:2, although doped iron is unfavorable to the regeneration of original layered structure for CLDH after fluoride adsorption. No aluminium in the solution after fluoride adsorption was detected when Fe/Al molar ratio is equal to or larger than 1:2. The results indicate that CLDH with proper Fe/Al molar ratio is a promising candidate as an adsorbent material for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions.

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