scholarly journals Rousseau's idea of the general will and contemporary understanding of the nature of democracy

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Milorad Stupar
Keyword(s):  
Human Values ◽  
General Will ◽  
Collective Wisdom ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This paper explores the sense in which contemporary understanding of democracy is present in the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The author claims that difficulties in understanding the concept of general will comes from the fact that Rousseau runs two ideas of democracy together: the idea which values democracy in positive terms because it instantiates fundamental human values such as freedom and rights, as well as the idea that democracy is important because it enlarges our collective wisdom. The end of the paper traces the way with respect to a possible coherent interpretation of the relationship between democracy and the content of the general will in Rousseau?s work.

There is No European Security, Only European Securities

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peter Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Social Constructivist ◽  
Border Control ◽  
European Security ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constructivist Position ◽  
Counter Argument ◽  
The Way

In this article, I explore the relationship between ‘value’ and ‘security’ in the conceptualization of European construction and its transformation in recent years through the anti-terror effort. I suggest that the landscape of human values, and the way it is correlated with security, is discontinuous and fragmented. In the post-Madrid/London era, variations in cultures of law enforcement, border control, intelligence and diplomacy, and, not least, new cultures of fear and prudence, render this landscape increasingly complex. The value-laden nature of security and insecurity has contributed to a fragmented evolution in European approaches to the challenge of security. The politics of harmonization and standardization of European security reveals not a singularity in security, but the contrary, namely multiple securities. I thus develop a counter-argument to both realist and social constructivist understandings of values and the role these play in security thinking. I affirm, in a typical constructivist vein, that values matter in the formation of security policy. However, I reverse the typical constructivist position that sees security as the embodiment of ideas, arguing instead that the European self-understanding is itself the product of its own constellation of security and insecurity.

scholarly journals Implikasi Nilai Manusia dalam Praksis Kepemimpinan Menurut Kejadian 1:26-27

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Yakub Hendrawan Perangin Angin ◽  
Tri Astuti Yeniretnowati ◽  
Yonatan Alex Arifianto
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Leadership Practices ◽  
Human Values ◽  
The People ◽  
Great Leader ◽  
Genesis 1 ◽  
Book Of Genesis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

The implementation of human values in leadership praxis based on the Book of Genesis 1: 26-27 is raised because of various phenomena that have occurred in which many people are treated inhumanely. The analysis was carried out by means of a literature review, by analyzing the leadership practices that occur both in general and Christian circles. The main sources of analysis are several relevant sources, including research results contained in journals and books. All of these sources were analyzed by looking at the relationship and compatibility with the title of this paper. So it can be concluded that his leadership can describe how the leader's view of humans, "whole" or partial. In another sense, whether leaders treat humans only as limited as "resources" or not, of course, will appear in the way leaders treat "anyone" around the scope of their leadership. Whether to behave and act exploitatively or not, of course, depends on the way the leadership treats "anyone" around the sphere of leadership. In the sphere of the church, the pastor as a leader in leading the church organizationally and at the same time as an organism, the people who are in the leadership line develop their understanding of it does not necessarily lie in the way they perceive humans. Our Lord Jesus, the Great Leader, has provided an extraordinary example where He who is the Lord and Savior of mankind is willing to sacrifice his life, give His life and wash the feet of His followers. This is perfect leadership, thank God that humans have a Leader profile who becomes a role model.AbstrakImplementasi nilai manusia dalam praksis kepemimpinan berdasarkan Kejadian 1:26-27 diangkat karena berbagai fenomena yang telah terjadi dimana manuasia banyak diperlakukan dengan tidak manusiawi. Analisis dilakukan dengan tinjauan pustaka, dengan menganalisis terkait prakis kepemimpinan yang terjadi baik di lingkungan umum maupun kekristenan. Adapun sumber utama dari analisis adalah beberapa sumber yang relevan, meliputi hasil penelitian yang terdapat pada jurnal dan buku. Semua sumber ini dianalisis dengan cara mencermati hubungan dan kecocokan dengan judul penulisan ini. Sehingga didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa kepemimpinannya dapat menggambarkan bagaimana  pandangan pemimpin terhadap manusia, ”utuh” atau parsial. Dengan pengertian lain, apakah pemimpin memperlakukan manusia hanya sebatas ”resources” atau tidak, tentu akan nampak dalam cara pemimpin memperlakukan ”siapa saja” disekitar lingkup kepemimpinanya. Apakah akan bersikap dan bertindak eksploitatif atau tidak, sama tentunya bergantung pada cara pemimpinan memperlakukan ”siapa saja” disekitar lingkup kepemimpinannya. Di lingkup gereja, gembala sebagai pemimpin dalam memimpin gereja secara organisatoris dan sekaligus sebagai organisme, orang-orang yang ada di lini kepemimpinan berkembang pemahamannya ataukah tidak tentunya terletak pada cara pandangnya terhadap manusia. Tuhan Yesus Sang Pemimpin Agung kita sudah memberikan keteladanan yang luar biasa dimana Ia yang adalah Tuhan dan Juru Selamat umat manusia rela untuk mengorbankan nyawanya, memberi hidup-Nya dan membasuh kaki pengikut-Nya inilah kepemimpinan yang sempurna, syukur bahwa manusia memiliki profil Pemimpin yang menjadi panutan.

The Type of Temperament, Mood, and Strategies of Categorization

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Wytykowska
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Affective Value ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

In Strelau’s theory of temperament (RTT), there are four types of temperament, differentiated according to low vs. high stimulation processing capacity and to the level of their internal harmonization. The type of temperament is considered harmonized when the constellation of all temperamental traits is internally matched to the need for stimulation, which is related to effectiveness of stimulation processing. In nonharmonized temperamental structure, an internal mismatch is observed which is linked to ineffectiveness of stimulation processing. The three studies presented here investigated the relationship between temperamental structures and the strategies of categorization. Results revealed that subjects with harmonized structures efficiently control the level of stimulation stemming from the cognitive activity, independent of the affective value of situation. The pattern of results attained for subjects with nonharmonized structures was more ambiguous: They were as good as subjects with harmonized structures at adjusting the way of information processing to their stimulation processing capacities, but they also proved to be more responsive to the affective character of stimulation (positive or negative mood).

Understanding prescription in language. A corpus-based approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Kibbee ◽  
Alan Craig
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
French Tradition ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

We define prescription as any intervention in the way another person speaks. Long excluded from linguistics as unscientific, prescription is in fact a natural part of linguistic behavior. We seek to understand the logic and method of prescriptivism through the study of usage manuals: their authors, sources and audience; their social context; the categories of “errors” targeted; the justification for correction; the phrasing of prescription; the relationship between demonstrated usage and the usage prescribed; the effect of the prescription. Our corpus is a collection of about 30 usage manuals in the French tradition. Eventually we hope to create a database permitting easy comparison of these features.

On (Not) Translating Lacan: Barbara Cassin's Sophistico-Analytical Performances

Paragraph ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
Michael Syrotinski
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Barbara Cassin's Jacques the Sophist: Lacan, Logos, and Psychoanalysis, recently translated into English, constitutes an important rereading of Lacan, and a sustained commentary not only on his interpretation of Greek philosophers, notably the Sophists, but more broadly the relationship between psychoanalysis and sophistry. In her study, Cassin draws out the sophistic elements of Lacan's own language, or the way that Lacan ‘philosophistizes’, as she puts it. This article focuses on the relation between Cassin's text and her better-known Dictionary of Untranslatables, and aims to show how and why both ‘untranslatability’ and ‘performativity’ become keys to understanding what this book is not only saying, but also doing. It ends with a series of reflections on machine translation, and how the intersubjective dynamic as theorized by Lacan might open up the possibility of what is here termed a ‘translatorly’ mode of reading and writing.

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

FBI and Religion

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interdisciplinary Assessment ◽  
Civic Religion ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This volume is an interdisciplinary assessment of the relationship between religion and the FBI. We recount the history of the FBI’s engagement with multiple religious communities and with aspects of public or “civic” religion such as morality and respectability. The book presents new research to explain roughly the history of the FBI’s interaction with religion over approximately one century, from the pre-Hoover period to the post-9/11 era. Along the way, the book explores vexed issues that go beyond the particulars of the FBI’s history—the juxtaposition of “religion” and “cult,” the ways in which race can shape the public’s perceptions of religion (and vica versa), the challenges of mediating between a religious orientation and a secular one, and the role and limits of academic scholarship as a way of addressing the differing worldviews of the FBI and some of the religious communities it encounters.

Poetic Trespass

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lital Levy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Prose Poetry ◽  
Old World ◽  
History And Literature ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Emile Habiby ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

A Palestinian-Israeli poet declares a new state whose language, “Homelandic,” is a combination of Arabic and Hebrew. A Jewish-Israeli author imagines a “language plague” that infects young Hebrew speakers with old world accents, and sends the narrator in search of his Arabic heritage. This book brings together such startling visions to offer the first in-depth study of the relationship between Hebrew and Arabic in the literature and culture of Israel/Palestine. More than that, the book presents a captivating portrait of the literary imagination's power to transgress political boundaries and transform ideas about language and belonging. Blending history and literature, the book traces the interwoven life of Arabic and Hebrew in Israel/Palestine from the turn of the twentieth century to the present, exposing the two languages' intimate entanglements in contemporary works of prose, poetry, film, and visual art by both Palestinian and Jewish citizens of Israel. In a context where intense political and social pressures work to identify Jews with Hebrew and Palestinians with Arabic, the book finds writers who have boldly crossed over this divide to create literature in the language of their “other,” as well as writers who bring the two languages into dialogue to rewrite them from within. Exploring such acts of poetic trespass, the book introduces new readings of canonical and lesser-known authors, including Emile Habiby, Hayyim Nahman Bialik, Anton Shammas, Saul Tchernichowsky, Samir Naqqash, Ronit Matalon, Salman Masalha, A. B. Yehoshua, and Almog Behar. By revealing uncommon visions of what it means to write in Arabic and Hebrew, the book will change the way we understand literature and culture in the shadow of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jerryson
Keyword(s):  
Buddhist Doctrine ◽  
Uniform Manner ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The Introduction introduces the terms Buddhism, Buddhist system, and violence for the book. The chapter reviews previous approaches to Buddhism and violence and mistake in assuming every religion understands and defines violence in a uniform manner. Ahimsa serves as a cornerstone of Buddhist morality, and means non-harm or non-injury. This slight nuance alters the way in which Buddhist doctrine and Buddhist leaders understand violence from the way in which violence is typically identified. As such, the chapters in this book serve collectively as an exploration into the Buddhist approach to violence and its various vicissitudes. It then reviews the challenges and dangers for the author in studying the relationship between religion and violence. Lastly, it provides an overview of the chapters in the book.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Konstan
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Ancient Ethics ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the tension in classical thought between reciprocity and altruism as the two fundamental grounds of interpersonal relations within the city and, to a lesser extent, between citizens and foreigners. It summarizes the chapters that follow, and examines in particular the ideas of altruism and egoism and defends their application to ancient ethics. Various attempts to reconcile the two, especially in respect to Aristotle’s conception of virtue as other-regarding, are considered, and with the relationship to modern concepts of “egoism” and “altruism” is explored. The introduction concludes by noting that one of the premises of the book is that, in classical antiquity, love was deemed to play a larger role in the way people accounted for motivation in a number of domains, including friendship, loyalty, gratitude, grief, and civic harmony.

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