scholarly journals The effect of pollutant emission from district heating systems on the correlation between air quality and health risk

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelija Djordjevic ◽  
Nenad Zivkovic ◽  
Emina Mihajlovic ◽  
Jasmina Radosavljevic ◽  
Miomir Raos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
The City

The monitoring and the control of air pollution which is a consequence of the activities of district heating plants in the area of Nis have indicated that there is a cause and effect relationship between the emitted pollutants and air quality on one hand, and health risk on the other hand. The aim of this paper is to determine the correlation between district heating plants, air quality and health risk. The evidence of this connection is the hazardous health quotient and the level of total carcinogenic risk in comparison to measured immission concentration and expected immission concentrations of pollutants from district heating plants in the city.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS AND LEVEL OF HEALTH RISK FOR AIR POLLUTANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Suchkov ◽  
E. A. Semaeva
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
The Third ◽  
The City

There was executed the complex assessment of air pollution in the city Novokuibyshevsk in 2014. There were outlined basic chemicals exceeding hygienic standards, as well as causing both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk. Average concentrations of pollutants were shown to fail to exceed the average daily maximum permissible concentration, and on the basis of this air pollution index in the city of Novokuibyshevsk was the low in 2014. However, air pollution in the city of Novokuibyshevsk decreased not due to the reduction of the concentration of priority pollutants, but as a result of the revision of the admissible values for formaldehyde concentrations. Individual carcinogenic risks to the health of children under 18 years according to hexavalent chromium, benzene and formaldehyde exceeded the border of maximum permissible risk, and were attributed to the third reference range of risk values in accordance with the R 2.1.10.1920-04. The carcinogenic risk to the health of adults and the population of the city of Novokuibyshevsk as a whole was in the third reference range boundaries only for hexavalent chromium. However, the overall carcinogenic risk for health of children aged up to 18 years amounted to 1.18∙10-3 and moved into a fourth reference range boundaries. The total index of danger with all substances, the content of which was monitored in the ambient air in the city of Novokuibyshevsk, accounted for 17.74 and also demanded measures to reduce air pollution in the near future.

scholarly journals Hourly optimization and sizing of district heating systems considering building refurbishment – Case study for the city of Zagreb

Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 1264-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matija Pavičević ◽  
Tomislav Novosel ◽  
Tomislav Pukšec ◽  
Neven Duić
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Building Refurbishment ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Longevity and power density of intermediate-to-deep geothermal wells in district heating applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eero Hirvijoki ◽  
David Pfefferlé ◽  
Manasvi Lingam
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Geothermal Wells ◽  
The City

AbstractThis paper assesses the potential of intermediate-to-deep geothermal wells for district heating purposes in non-hot spot regions as a means for replacing carbon-intensive heat sources. In analysing the problem of heat transfer from the bedrock to a flowing coolant in the well, we perform parameter scans to assess the longevity and power density of different-size wells and derive analytical estimates to explain salient characteristics of the well behaviour. The results are then utilized to illustrate how intermediate-to-deep geothermal wells would compare with the requirements of typical large-scale district heating systems, by using the city of Helsinki in Finland as an example.

scholarly journals Assessing high shares of renewable energies in district heating systems – a case study for the city of Herten

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 00005
Author(s):  
Ali Aydemir ◽  
Eftim Popovski ◽  
Daniel Bellstädt ◽  
Tobias Fleiter ◽  
Richard Büchele
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Experience in using statistical and mathematical technologies to assess the impact of atmospheric pollution on public health in a large industrial center

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-667
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Surzhikov ◽  
Vera V. Kislitsyna ◽  
Varvara A. Shtaiger ◽  
Roman A. Golikov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Coal Processing ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Introduction. The issue of air pollution is relevant in cities where the majority of the population lives and a large number of industrial enterprises are concentrated in relatively small areas. Currently, the federal project “Clean Air” is being implemented in 12 industrial centres of Russia within the framework of the national project “Ecology”. The purpose of the work was to justify using statistical and mathematical methods for assessing the impact of atmospheric pollution on the health of the population in the city of Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo region. Materials and methods. The following methods were used: assessment and management of public health risk, statistical analysis methods: factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, discriminant analysis. Results. Statistical indices and public health risk parameters can be used to assess the impact. Examples of the effect of complex pollution indices (the main components of pollution, the integral indicator P) and the concentrations of individual impurities in the air basin (suspended substances, ozone) were given. The carcinogenic risk to the population of Novokuznetsk, calculated from the calculated concentrations of atmospheric pollutants, was found to exceed the acceptable risk threshold. The specific weight of carcinogens in the formation of the risk to other oncological incidence was determined. An assessment of the risk from the emissions of a coal-processing plant located near residential areas of the city was carried out. The values of the hazard indices showed an excess of the acceptable non-carcinogenic risk only from the emissions of the coal processing plant, taking into account the background level of air pollution in the air basin. Conclusion. In Novokuznetsk, it is proposed to use the method of ranking atmospheric protection measures in terms of the unit cost of risk reduction in health risk management. To manage the risk, it is proposed to calculate the population indices of aerogenic hazard or the probabilistic parameters of the individual threat associated with air pollution. It is noted that a 20-22% reduction in pollutant emissions for Novokuznetsk may not be enough. The reasonable measures for the further study of the aerogenic impact on the population of the city are presented.

scholarly journals Methods for the determination of the effective heating radius in district heating systems taking into account reliability

2020 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01058
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mednikova ◽  
Ivan Postnikov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Supply ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Heat Network ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
The City

Methods for determining the effective heating radius (EHR) in district heating systems (DHS) are developed, taking into account ensuring of reliable heat supply to consumers. EHR is such a length (distance) of a heat network (HN) from a district heat source (HS) to a consumer, within which the district heat supply of a given consumer is economically more profitable than a distributed (autonomic) one. Thus, the search for EHR for different transmission heat pipelines (TP) connected to the considered HS determines of its operation zones in different districts of the city. In addition, to the main problem of the EHR search, the assessment of nodal reliability indices (RI) for each consumer is carried out, on the basis of which the obtained EHR solutions are corrected (if necessary). As a result, we can determine the zones of district heating in DHS, within the framework of which not only energy and economically effective, but also reliable heat supply to consumers is provided. The developed methodical ensuring was used in the development of an optimal heat supply scheme for the Irkutsk city (Eastern Siberia, Russia). The brief review on the results of the conducted practical researches case study is presented.

scholarly journals Respiratory diseases in preschool children in the city of Nis exposed to suspended particulates and carbon monoxide from ambient air

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelija Djordjevic ◽  
Goran Ristic ◽  
Nenad Zivkovic ◽  
Branimir Todorovic ◽  
Sladjan Hristov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The City

Background/Aim. Analysis of air quality in Serbia indicates that the city of Nis belongs to a group of cities characterized by the third category of air quality (excessive air pollution). The aim of the study was to analyze the degree of causality between ambient air quality affected by particulate matter of 10 ?m (PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO) and the incidence of respiratory diseases in preschool children in the city of Nis. Methods. We quantified the influence of higher PM10 concentrations and carbon monoxide comprising motor vehicle exhausts in the city of Nis on the occurrence of unwanted health effects in preschool children by means of the hazard quotient (HQ), individual health risk (Ri), and the probability of cancer (ICR). The methodology used was according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and it included basic scientific statistical methods, compilation methods, and the relevant mathematical methods for assessing air pollution health risk, based on the use of attribute equations. Results. Measurement of ambient air pollutant concentrations in the analyzed territory for the entire monitoring duration revealed that PM10 concentrations were significantly above the allowed limits during 80% of the days. The maximum measured PM10 concentration was 191.6 ?g/m3, and carbon monoxide 5.415 mg/m3. The incidence of respiratory diseases in the experimental group, with a prominent impact of polluted air was 57.17%, whereas the incidence in the control group was considerably lower, 41.10 %. There were also significant differences in the distribution of certain respiratory diseases. Conclusion. In order to perform good causal analysis of air quality and health risk, it is very important to establish and develop a system for long-term monitoring, control, assessment, and prediction of air pollution. We identified the suspended PM10 and CO as ambient air pollutants causing negative health effects in the exposed preschool children population.

Temporal patterns and trends of air pollution over distinct European urban areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rodrigues ◽  
Carla Gama ◽  
Ana Ascenso ◽  
Kevin Oliveira ◽  
Sílvia Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The City

<p><strong>European cities have made significant progress over the last decades towards a clean air. Despite all this progress, several urban areas are frequently exceeding air quality levels allowed by the European legal standards. The ClairCity project funded by the H2020 program addressed air pollution bringing a key missing factor in the way cities and societies organized themselves and work: citizens at the heart not only of the air pollution issues, but also of the solution, focusing on their behaviour, activities and practices. In this work, the ClairCity European pilot cities and regions (Bristol in the UK, Amsterdam in the Netherlands, Ljubljana in Slovenia, Sosnowiec in Poland, the Aveiro region in Portugal and the Liguria region around Genoa in Italy</strong><strong>) are studied in terms of air quality for a 10 year period regarding the main atmospheric pollutants over urban areas, namely particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone.</strong></p><p><strong>Therefore, the main objective of this work is to present a comprehensive diagnosis of the air quality and its main emission sources for each case study. The concentrations trends in the different typology of monitoring stations (background, traffic and industrial) were addressed, together with the knowledge of daily, weekly and seasonal pollution patterns to better understand the city specific profiles and to characterise pollutant dynamics and variations in multiple locations. </strong></p><p><strong>Each city/ region faces different issues and causes of air pollution, but all of these case studies have been working on to improve their air quality. In Bristol there have been strong downward trends in many air pollutants, but the levels of NO<sub>2</sub> remain persistently high and of concern, with transport the key contributor. PM on the other hand is not widely monitored in Bristol, but background levels at least are under limit values. Similarly, the main sources of air pollution in Amsterdam are traffic, in particular for NO<sub>2</sub>, and international shipping. Decreasing emissions and concentration levels point to some success of Amsterdam air quality policies in recent years. PM<sub>10</sub> exceedances are a seasonal pollution problem in Ljubljana, with the main particulate matter sources attributed to residential heating, which is still significantly outdated in some parts of the city, where households still heat with burning wood and biomass during winter. The most pressing issue for air quality within Sosnowiec is emissions from residential heating. Particulate matter are the main critical pollutants, linked with the use of inefficient heating systems, together with poor quality fuels, in winter. On the other hand, NO<sub>2</sub> limit values are also exceeded in Sosnowiec, but in comparison to the low-stack emissions, the problem is far smaller. On contrary, air quality in the Aveiro region is relatively good, due to an overall relatively low population density in the region, and an open landscape in a maritime climate. PM<sub>10</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> exceedances do occur occasionally. While, exceedances of NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations are still problematic in Liguria region, with road transport, industrial plants and port activities being the main contributors to these problems.</strong></p>

scholarly journals District Heating Tariffs, Economic Optimisation and Local Strategies during Radical Technological Change

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Djørup ◽  
Karl Sperling ◽  
Steffen Nielsen ◽  
Poul Alborg Østergaard ◽  
Jakob Zinck Thellufsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
System Development ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
The City

This paper addresses economic aspects of heat savings in the context of strategic heat planning. The analysis uses the city of Aalborg, Denmark, as a case where municipalisation through a recent acquisition of a coal-fired cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) plant has made an update of a municipal strategic energy plan necessary. Combining datasets on buildings and insulation techniques with economic methods, we investigate how the local district heating tariff can be adapted to improve the conditions for heat savings and support the transition to lower supply temperatures in line with the requirements of future fourth generation district heating systems. The paper concludes that implementing a fully variable heat tariff scheme improves the financial incentive for heat savings, while also making the system development less vulnerable to fluctuations and shortages in capital markets. The paper supplements existing literature on heat savings with novelty in its approach and in its systematic investigation of the interplay between tariff policies and interest rates.

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