scholarly journals Histochemical characteristics and distribution of lipofuscin and polyglucosan bodies in the brain of dogs more than 10 years old

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Sladjan Nesic ◽  
Ivana Vucicevic ◽  
Darko Marinkovic ◽  
Vladimir Kukolj ◽  
Milan Anicic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Polyglucosan Bodies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lipofuscin Pigment ◽  
The Brain

The ageing process is accompanied by numerous changes in the brain of dogs, such as accumulation of amyloid, fibrosis of blood vessel walls and meninges, accumulation of lipofuscin, and the presence of polyglucosan bodies (PGBs), satellitosis and neuronophagia. In this study, the presence of lipofuscin and PGBs in various parts of the brain in dogs of different sexes and ages was examined. For this purpose, brain samples were stained using haematoxylin eosin, modified Ziehl Neelsen and Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) methods. Lipofuscin was visualised by Ziehl Neelsen and PAS methods of specific staining on the same brain tissue segments. Lipofuscin had accumulated in 93% of old (more than 10 years old) dog brains, mostly in neurons of the medulla oblongata. The percentage of age-related lipofuscin pigment in other examined brain tissue segments was lower than in the medulla oblongata. There was a small difference in the percentage of lipofuscin-positive individuals between the two staining methods. The presence of PGBs was established by the PAS method for the vast majority (about 93%) of the old dogs (more than 10 years old), while PGBs were not detected in the group of young dogs (up to 5 years old). However, PGBs occurred in all examined segments of the dog?s brain tissues (for each of the tissue types, from 90% to 93% of dogs were positive for PGBs). The results obtained the oldest dogs (15 years old) harboured PGBs both extracellularly and intracellularly, while in other dogs, only extracellular PGBs were seen. Lipofuscin was accumulated mostly in large neurons of olivary nuclei of the medulla oblongata. PGBs were confirmed in all examined segments of the brain tissue of dogs more than 10 years old. This is one of the numerous indications that old dogs could be a very good animal model for studying the normal ageing process or neurodegenerative diseases.

An Unusual Case of Generalized Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis in a Cynomolgus Monkey

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jasty ◽  
R. L. Kowalski ◽  
E. H. Fonseca ◽  
M. C. Porter ◽  
G. R. Clemens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cynomolgus Monkey ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Ceroid Lipofuscinosis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lipofuscin Pigment ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Histologic, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies of generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a cynomolgus monkey are presented. Histologically, a wide variety of tissue cells contained numerous bright eosinophilic intracytoplasmic granules that varied in size from 0.5 μm to 4.0 μm in diameter. Histochemically, the granules gave a weakly positive reaction with periodic acid-Schiff and for lipids. They were weakly acid fast and capable of emitting autofluorescence. Ultrastructurally, the granules were single unit membrane-bound, and contained dense osmiophilic material with frequent concentric or fingerprint-type lamellar formation. The granules were different than hemofuscin, iron, and bilirubin. Tinctorially the granules were unique—they were bright red with hematoxylin and eosin and, thus, differed from typical age-related lipofuscin pigment.

scholarly journals Intramural Vascular Edema in the Brain of Goats With Clostridium perfringens Type D Enterotoxemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Ortega ◽  
José Manuel Verdes ◽  
Eleonora L. Morrell ◽  
John W. Finnie ◽  
Jim Manavis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Type D ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncles ◽  
Cerebral Microangiopathy ◽  
The Brain

Enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D is an important disease of sheep and goats with a worldwide distribution. Cerebral microangiopathy is considered pathognomonic for ovine enterotoxemia and is seen in most cases of the disorder in sheep. However, these lesions are poorly described in goats. In this article, we describe the vasculocentric brain lesions in 44 cases of caprine spontaneous C. perfringens type D enterotoxemia. Only 1 goat had gross changes in the brain, which consisted of mild cerebellar coning. However, 8 of 44 (18%) cases showed microscopic brain lesions, characterized by intramural vascular proteinaceous edema, a novel and diagnostically significant finding. The precise location of the edema was better observed with periodic acid–Schiff, Gomori’s, and albumin stains. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and aquaporin 4 immunostaining revealed strong immunolabeling of astrocyte foot processes surrounding microvessels. The areas of the brain most frequently affected were the cerebral cortex, corpus striatum (basal ganglia), and cerebellar peduncles, and both arterioles and venules were involved. Most of the goats of this study showed lesions in the intestine (enteritis, colitis, and typhlitis), although pulmonary congestion and edema, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, and ascites were also described. Although the intramural edema described, for the first time, in these caprine cases is useful for the diagnosis of enterotoxemia when observed, its absence cannot exclude the disease.

A Histopathologic Pattern of Centrilobular Hepatocyte Injury Suggests 6-Mercaptopurine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricard Masia ◽  
Daniel S. Pratt ◽  
Joseph Misdraji
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Hepatocyte Injury ◽  
Lipofuscin Pigment ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Context.—Hepatotoxicity is an important side effect of thiopurine analog treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. A variety of histopathologic findings have been observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease with thiopurine-induced hepatotoxicity, including nodular regenerative hyperplasia, vascular injury, and cholestasis. Objective.—To describe the histologic features shared by 3 cases of thiopurine-induced hepatotoxicity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Design.—We identified 3 patients with inflammatory bowel disease who developed hepatotoxicity due to 6-mercaptopurine from the educational files of the Department of Pathology at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston). Histology slides (stained with hematoxylin-eosin, trichrome, periodic-acid Schiff with diastase digestion, and iron stains) and patients' medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Results.—All 3 patients were receiving 6-mercaptopurine monotherapy at therapeutic doses, had normal thiopurine metabolite levels, and presented with elevated aminotransferase levels. Biopsies from all 3 cases exhibited a pattern of centrilobular hepatocyte injury characterized by ceroid-laden macrophages, hepatocyte anisonucleosis, and increased lipofuscin pigment, as well as centrilobular steatosis. Aminotransferase levels trended downward and either normalized or remained at borderline elevated levels after 6-mercaptopurine dose was reduced (in 1 patient) or discontinued (in 2 patients). Conclusions.—Recognition of a pattern of centrilobular injury enables pathologists to suggest thiopurine-induced liver injury as the cause of elevated aminotransferases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Lung Lesions in Aging Laboratory Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Cooper ◽  
J. W. Griffith ◽  
Z. C. Chroneos ◽  
J. M. Izer ◽  
L. B. Willing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Heterotopic Bone ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Age Related

Spontaneous age-related lesions of laboratory rabbits are not well documented in the contemporary scientific literature. A retrospective study of diagnostic necropsies of 36 rabbits >2 years of age found a number of common lung lesions. Fibromuscular intimal hyperplasia affected medium and to a lesser extent large pulmonary arteries and was present to a variable extent in all 36 rabbits >2 years of age. The lesions were characterized by fragmentation and/or reduplication of the internal elastic lamina (IEL), proliferation of smoothelin+/alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)+/vimentin− smooth muscle cells and fewer smoothelin−/α-SMA+/vimentin+ myofibroblasts, and intimal deposition of collagen without thrombosis, embolism, or evidence of pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary emphysema, present in 30/36 rabbits, was characterized by the loss of alveolar septa; most affected rabbits did not have clinical signs of respiratory disease. In 8/13 rabbits of the inbred EIII/JC audiogenic strain, we identified a unique syndrome of granulomatous pneumonia containing hyaline brown to gray, globular to ring-like acellular material that was Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff positive. The material was immunoreactive for surfactant protein-A and had the ultrastructural appearance of multilamellar vesicles, suggesting a genetic defect in surfactant metabolism. Additionally, we found small benign primary lung tumors (fibropapillomas, 5 rabbits) not previously described. Other findings included heterotopic bone (5 rabbits), subacute to chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia, pyogranulomatous pneumonia with plant material, and pulmonary artifacts from barbiturate euthanasia solution.

scholarly journals Production of capsular material by equine trophoblast transplanted into immunodeficient mice

Reproduction ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 855-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Albihn ◽  
RO Waelchli ◽  
J Samper ◽  
JG Oriol ◽  
BA Croy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Xenogeneic Transplantation ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Capsular Material

A novel xenogeneic transplantation approach was used to determine whether it is embryonic or maternal tissue that produces the material that gives rise to the mucin-like glycoprotein of the equine embryonic capsule. Endometrial biopsy samples and conceptuses from six mares at days 13-15 after ovulation were prepared as 1 mm(3) grafts of endometrium, trophoblast and capsule for transplantation, alone or in combination, into various sites in 88 immunodeficient (severe combined immunodeficient or RAG2/gamma(c) double mutant) mice. The overall recovery rate of grafts was over 50%, reaching 100% with experience and use of the renal subcapsular space exclusively. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining demonstrated capsule-like extracellular glycoprotein secretions at the graft site in 11 of 22 sites examined. Strong PAS-positive reactions (5-7 microm thick) were found in four of six sites containing trophoblast alone, five of six endometrium plus trophoblast sites, and zero of eight grafts of endometrium alone. Two recovered grafts of capsule were also PAS-positive. The secreted glycoprotein was identified as equine embryonic capsule material by using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific to equine capsule (mAb OC-1) in two experiments. In the first, in cryosections, this antibody bound to 19 of 19 recovered trophoblast graft secretions (including those in 12 from mice that had not received endometrium at any site), ten of ten recovered endometrium plus trophoblast grafts, and zero of 12 recovered endometrial grafts from mice in which trophoblast had been grafted to the same site or another site in the same mouse. In the second experiment, in paraformaldehyde-fixed sections of grafts from 11 mice, specific staining, identical to that shown by grafted capsule, was obtained with grafts of trophoblast (both alone and in combination with endometrium) but not with grafts of endometrium. These results support the contention that trophoblast is the principal source of equine embryonic capsule. In addition, they demonstrate that xenogeneic grafting is a useful means of culturing endometrium and conceptus tissues outside the mare when in vitro techniques do not suffice.

scholarly journals The role of histopathology in the diagnosis of dermatophytoses / Značaj patohistološkog nalaza u dijagnostici dermatofitoza

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Đorđi Gocev ◽  
Katerina Damevska
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Pas Staining

Abstract Histopathological analysis is not a routine procedure for diagnosing fungal skin infections. In the histopathological specimens, fungi are visible only when using special stain such as periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). However, histopathological analysis may not be performed in small laboratories. Histopathological characteristics of fungal skin infections are not specific. In all skin biopsy cases, obtained without clinical suspicion of fungal infection, the knowledge of certain, most frequent histopathological reaction patterns, as well as specific histopathological indicators (a diagnostic histopathological “clue”), of certain superficial mycoses e.g., dermatophytoses, may raise a suspicion of fungal infection and warrant a fungal-specific staining. A retrospective analysis of all PAS-stained sections was carried out. All PAS-positive biopsy specimens were assessed for clinical features, histopathological patterns of skin reactions, and presence of histopathological indicators. Our results have shown that out of the total of 361 PAS-stained sections, fungal hyphae were identified in 12 (3.3%) specimens. In 5 (1.4%) cases, the diagnosis of fungal infection was suspected on clinical grounds, while in 7 (1.9%) cases detection of fungi was an unexpected finding. The most frequent type of histopathological pattern was spongiotic, and the most frequent histopathological indicator was the presence of neutrophils within the epidermis. Our results confirm that dermatophytoses may present with clinical and histological non-specific findings. PAS staining represents a relatively cheap and simple fungal-specific staining. It has been suggested that it not only confirms that the selected material is actually invaded, but also reduces the number of false-negative direct reports, where fungi are cultured from a microscopically negative specimen. Apart from a small percentage of positive findings, our results justify the need for routine PAS staining of all clinically and histologically non-specific inflammatory skin conditions.

Mapping of Purkinje Neuron Loss and Polyglucosan Body Accumulation in Hereditary Cerebellar Degeneration in Scottish Terriers

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 852-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Urkasemsin ◽  
K. E. Linder ◽  
J. S. Bell ◽  
A. de Lahunta ◽  
N. J. Olby
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Purkinje Neurons ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Polyglucosan Bodies ◽  
Polyglucosan Body ◽  
Degenerative Disorder ◽  
Neurofilament 200 ◽  
Scottish Terriers

A hereditary cerebellar degenerative disorder has emerged in Scottish Terriers. The aims of this study were to describe and quantify polyglucosan body accumulation and quantify Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum of affected and control dogs. The brains of 6 affected Scottish Terriers ranging in age from 8 to 15 years and 8 age-matched control dogs were examined histopathologically. Counts of Purkinje neurons and polyglucosan bodies were performed in control and affected dogs on cerebellar sections stained with periodic acid–Schiff. Affected dogs showed a significant loss of Purkinje neurons compared with control dogs (vermis: P < .0001; hemisphere: P = .0104). The degeneration was significantly more pronounced dorsally than ventrally ( P < .0001). There were significantly more polyglucosan bodies in the ventral half of the vermis when compared with the dorsal half ( P < .0001) in affected dogs. In addition, there were more polyglucosan bodies in the ventral half of the vermis in affected dogs than in control dogs ( P = .0005). Polyglucosan bodies in all affected dogs stained positively with toluidine blue and alcian blue. Immunohistochemically, polyglucosan bodies in affected dogs were positive for neurofilament 200 kD and ubiquitin and negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, synaptophysin, neurospecific enolase, vimentin, and S100; the bodies were negative for all antigens in control dogs. Ultrastructurally, polyglucosan bodies in 1 affected dog were non–membrane-bound, amorphous structures with a dense core. This study demonstrates significant Purkinje cell loss and increased polyglucosan bodies in the cerebellum of affected Scottish Terriers.

Spontaneous Incidental Brain Lesions in C57BL/6J Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-182
Author(s):  
James C. Tarrant ◽  
Patrick Savickas ◽  
Lorna Omodho ◽  
Marco Spinazzi ◽  
Enrico Radaelli
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Genetically Engineered Mouse Models ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Human Disorders

Genetically engineered mouse lines on a C57BL/6J background are widely employed as preclinical models to study neurodegenerative human disorders and brain tumors. However, because of the lack of comprehensive data on the spontaneous background neuropathology of the C57BL/6J strain, discriminating between naturally occurring changes and lesions caused by experimental mutations can be challenging. In this context, this study aims at defining the spectrum and frequency of spontaneous brain changes in a large cohort of C57BL/6J mice and their association with specific biological variables, including age and sex. Brains from 203 experimentally naive and clinically unremarkable C57BL/6J mice were collected and analyzed by means of histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Mice ranged in age from 3 to 110 weeks with 89 females, 111 males, and 3 unknowns. Sixteen different spontaneous lesion categories were described in this cohort. Age-related neurodegenerative and/or neuroinflammatory findings represented the most common pathologic changes and included (1) Hirano-like inclusions in the thalamic neurons, (2) neuroaxonal dystrophy in the medulla oblongata, (3) periodic acid–Schiff–positive granular deposits in the neuropil of the hippocampus, and (4) progressive neuroinflammation characterized by microgliosis and astrogliosis. Neoplastic conditions, developmental abnormalities, and circulatory disorders were rarely observed incidental findings. In conclusion, this study describes spontaneous age-related brain lesions of the C57BL/6J mouse and provides a reference for evaluating and interpreting the neuropathological phenotype in genetically engineered mouse models developed and maintained on this congenic background.

scholarly journals Periodic acid-Schiff granules in the brain of aged mice: From amyloid aggregates to degenerative structures containing neo-epitopes

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Manich ◽  
Itsaso Cabezón ◽  
Elisabet Augé ◽  
Carme Pelegrí ◽  
Jordi Vilaplana
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Amyloid Aggregates ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Swine Cerebrospinal Angiopathy with Demyelination and Malacia

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakamura ◽  
M. Kubo ◽  
S. Shoya ◽  
M. Kashiwazaki ◽  
S. Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Histologic Examination ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
E Coli

In 15 pigs affected with cerebrospinal angiopathy accompanied by demyelination and malacia, the main symptoms were diarrhea and subsequent circling, spasms, sudden forward movements, ataxia, and inability to hold the head straight. Escherichia coli was isolated in a pure culture from the small intestine of pigs with diarrhea. The only gross change was a slight increase in cerebrospinal fluid. Histologic examination showed vascular lesions, demyelination, and malacia, most commonly located in the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. The vascular lesions were degenerative and there were necrotic changes of the vessel walls and formation of periodic acid-Schiff-positive perivascular eosinophilic droplets. Ultrastructurally, the swollen astrocytes around the vessels had many osmiophilic bodies in their cytoplasm with no limiting membrane. Demyelination and malacia, as well as vascular lesions, were considered to be the characteristic changes of cerebrospinal angiopathy. Our study suggests that E. coli may be a cause of cerebrospinal angiopathy.

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