The toxigenic potential of Fusarium poae originated from wheat

Eleven isolates of F. poae, originated from wheat grain at 9 locations mainly in Vojvodina, were encompassed by the present study. The greatest number of samples was collected in 2005, in which the climatic conditions favoured a more intensive occurrence of Fusarium ear blight of wheat. In order to determine toxicological potential of this species, cultures of the selected isolates were grown in liquid media (GPY and SPY) on a rotary shaker (180 revolutions min-1), at room temperature (21-26?C) for three days. Crude toxins were isolated from liquid culture filtrates of isolates by the use of ethyl acetate, while quantification of mycotoxins was done by the thin layer chromatography method. A liquid culture of the isolate GZ-LES (F. graminearum) was used as a control for the evaluation of the zearalenone biosynthesis potential. On the other hand, the liquid culture of the isolate KF-38/1 (F. sporotrichioides) was used as a control for both type-A trichothecenes (T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol - DAS). The obtained results show that F. poae, in contrast to F. graminearum, has no potential for the zearalenone biosynthesis. The presence of DAS was determined only in one isolate of F. poae (MRIZP-666), and in the control isolate of F. sporotrichioides (KF-38/1/R), that were grown in the GPY liquid medium. The T-2 toxin was detected in the isolate MRIZP-666, grown in both media, and in the isolates MRIZP-37 and MRIZP-860, cultured in the GPY and SPY liquid medium, respectively. The control culture KF-38/1/R (F. sporotrichioides) produced the T-2 toxin at the concentration of 4,000 ?g L-1. According to the gained information, it can be concluded that the potential of F. poae for the type-A trichothecene biosynthesis was low, as the concentration of DAS or T-2 toxin did not exceed 80 ?g L-1 or 240 ?g L-1, respectively.

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Optimization of laboratory conditions for biosynthesis of type A trichothecenes

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn0713035b ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 35-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aleksandra Bocarov-Stancic ◽

Vesna Jacevic ◽

Radmila Resanovic ◽

Milorad Bijelic

Keyword(s):

Type A ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Medium Composition ◽

Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽

Metabolic Characteristics ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Type A Trichothecenes ◽

C And N ◽

Definition Of

Type A trichothecenes, T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol - DAS, belong to one of the most toxic groups of fusariotoxins. Although larger quantities of them can be found more often in cooler parts of Europe, regarding their metabolic characteristics and the types of illnesses they provoke, it is obvious that even smaller quantities of these toxins can cause serious health disturbances of humans and animals in climatic conditions of Serbia. Having in mind the importance of these substances, the aim of this study was to carry out the optimization of laboratory conditions under which screening of Fusarium spp. isolates from Serbia, regarding T-2 toxin and DAS production, should be done. Four cultures of Fusarium sporotrichioides originating from different regions throughout the world, were under present investigation: ITM-391 (Italy), KF-38/1 (Poland), M-1-1 (Japan) and R-2301 (Germany). According to the previous literature data, all of these isolates were T-2 toxin producers, and some of them were also DAS producers. The influence of medium composition (different C and N atoms sources microelements etc), as well as aeration (in liquid media), on biosynthesis process of these mycotoxins, in vitro conditions was investigated. In the case of most Fusarium sporotrichioides isolates, highest yields of T-2 toxin and DAS were achieved under the conditions of more intense aeration, and with the use of glucose (5 or 20%) as a C atom source. Fermentation in semi-synthetic liquid medium, using a rotary shaker, was more suitable for screening the toxicity of the fungal isolates in pure culture because of shorter period of incubation, more simpler sample preparation, obtaining less interfering materials in crude toxin extracts, and possibility for more precise definition of factors influencing the yield of trichothecenes.

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DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION WITH ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS AND AFLATOXIN B1 IN THE TERRITORY OF THE ADYGEYA REPUBLIC

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-3-251-253 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 251-253

Author(s):

Aminet D. Tsikunib ◽

I. A. Grin

Keyword(s):

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

High Performance ◽

Liquid Culture ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Food Contamination ◽

Toxigenic Strain ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Qualitative Estimation

Investigations were executed to determine the level of the food contamination with mold fungi, to identify A.flavus and to assess the concentration of aflatoxin B1. Culturing is performed on Capek culture medium, A.flavus is identified according to L.I. Kursanov, the qualitative estimation of aflatoxin B1 in liquid culture and food products was carried out with the use of thin-layer chromatography method on “Silufol” UV-254 plates, and quantification was made by high-performance liquid chromatography (Agilent Technologies 1200 series). Out of 17 investigated samples, 23.5% were established to be mold fungi-contaminated, of which 11.3% were contaminated with A. flavus. In one sample, isolated from A. flavus toxigenic strain, aflatoxin B1 was detected in the concentration of 0.0072 ± 0.00028 mg/kg.

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The content of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in certain parts of Fusarium infected wheat heads

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn0713009b ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 9-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ferenc Balaz ◽

Igor Jajic ◽

Ferenc Bagi ◽

Vera Stojsin ◽

Biljana Abramovic

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Head Part ◽

Head Blight ◽

Toxic Agent ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Distinct Disease ◽

Layer Chromatography

During the year 2006, climatic conditions were favourable for the appearance of head blight in the majority of localities in which wheat was grown in our country. In the locality of Apatin, in certain plots, the amount of detected infection was up to 25 infected heads per m2. During the harvest, heads with distinct disease symptoms and sporulation of Fusarium graminearum fungi were gathered. Grains from the parts of heads with manifested disease symptoms were separated into separate samples, together with the grains above and below the infested head part. Apart from ocular evaluation, the percentage of grain infestation by Fusarium genus fungi was determined in all three sample categories, using wet chamber method. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was determined in the samples after extraction, using acetonitrile-water (84:16 v/v) solution. Quantitative amount of DON was determined using liquid chromatography with DAD detector at 220 nm. The content of DON in the samples was as follows: grains with manifested disease symptoms 353,4 ppm (?g/g), grains above the infested head part 0,225 ppm (?g/g), grains below the infested part 0,125 ppm (?g/g). The content of zearalenone in the samples was determined using thin layer chromatography method. This toxic agent was determined only in the samples taken from the head part in which disease symptoms were clearly manifested in the amount of 2,1 ppm (?g/g).

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Fusarium Sporotrichioides Sherb. Toxins Evaluated in Cereal Grain with Trichoderma Harzianum

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-011-0023-y ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 134-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Halina Wiśniewska ◽

Tomasz Basiński ◽

Jerzy Chełkowski ◽

Juliusz Perkowski

Keyword(s):

Liquid Medium ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Type A ◽

Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽

Head Blight ◽

Naked Oat ◽

Cereal Grain ◽

Type A Trichothecenes

Fusarium SporotrichioidesSherb. Toxins Evaluated in Cereal Grain withTrichoderma HarzianumFusariumhead blight is one of the most severe diseases of small grain cereals and is caused by several toxigenicFusariumspecies. Yield losses and mycotoxin accumulation in grain are caused by the disease.F. sporotrichioidesandF. poaeproduce type A trichothecenes. Saprophyte fungal antagonists, especiallyTrichoderma harzianum, are effective biocontrol agents against several fungal soil-borne plant pathogens. These fungal antagonists can reduce the production ofFusariumspp. mycotoxins in some crop plants. The aim of this study was to examine the influence ofT. harzianumAN4 on the production of type A trichothecenes byF. sporotrichioidesin cereals. The accumulation of six trichothecene mycotoxins (scirpentriol,i.e.STO, T-2 tetraol, T-2 triol, HT-2 toxini.e., HT-2, T-2 toxini.e., T-2, diacetoxyscirpenol,i.e., DAS) was reduced on average, by over 89% in bioassays ofF. sporotrichioidesandTrichodermaisolate AN4 on a liquid medium and on solid substrates (seeds of naked and husked oats and wheat). The reduction in our experiments depended on fungal isolate and substrate. From the three isolates ofF. sporotrichioidesused in the experiments, the highest accumulation of all the metabolites after 21 days byF. sporotrichioidesin nearly all substrates, was recorded for strain ZFR 159. On the liquid medium inoculated withF. sporotrichioidesZFR 159, the amount of type A trichothecenes was the lowest (STO, T-2 tetraol, and T-2 triol not detected, HT-2 toxin 0.02 ppm, DAS 0.10 ppm, T-2 toxin 0.99 ppm). The highest total concentration of these toxins was produced by this isolate in husked oat cv. German (180.16 ppm), but in naked oat cv. Akt the toxin concentration was low (27.62 ppm). Trichothecene accumulation byT. harzianumAN4 was reduced the most in oat cv. Akt (98.48%) in the liquid medium (98.22%), while the lowest reduction was in oat cv. German (48.77%). The non-toxigenicT. harzianumAN4 isolate proved to be a useful biocontrol agent against the toxigenicF. sporotrichioidesin cereals, significantly reducing the production of six type A trichothecenes. This is the first report on effective biocontrol ofF. sporotrichioidesin cereals byT. harzianum.

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