scholarly journals IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0: descriptive profiles for biomes and ecosystem functional groups

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Ecological Functions

Ecosystems are critically important components of Earth’s biological diversity and as the natural capital that sustains human life and well-being. Yet all of the world’s ecosystems show hallmarks of human influence, and many are under acute risks of collapse, with consequences for habitats of species, genetic diversity, ecosystem services, sustainable development and human well-being. The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology is a hierarchical classification system that, in its upper levels, defines ecosystems by their convergent ecological functions and, in its lower levels, distinguishes ecosystems with contrasting assemblages of species engaged in those functions. This report describes the three upper levels of the hierarchy, which provide a framework for understanding and comparing the key ecological traits of functionally different ecosystems and their drivers. An understanding of these traits and drivers is essential to support ecosystem management.

scholarly journals Strategizing sustainable development: the case of the Ural industrial regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Irina Rakhmeeva ◽  
Ivan Antipin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Regional Development Strategy ◽  
Industrial Regions

The remit of the article is regional development strategizing. Regional development strategy as part of regional regulatory environment could ensure the task of sustainable development due to determining priorities for resource conservation, development of a “green” economy, and restoration of natural resources. This is especially important for the extractive economies of the Russian regions. On the contrary, the research revealed the preservation of extractive policies in most of the Ural regions. The manuscript contains the description of the ecological and economic position of the regions of the Ural macroregion, that have a high anthropogenic impact on the environment because of their nature of economy. We analysed the content of the development strategies of the regions of the Ural macroregion and the issues of sustainable development. The Chelyabinsk region and the Republic of Bashkortostan didn’t include sustainable development in the top priorities. It leads them to stick their place in the tail of the National Environmental Rating of Russian Regions. Orenburg region’s strategy conclude the most quality mechanisms for ensuring environmental safety in regional strategic documents. The author highlighted the comprehension of the deep interrelationships of ecological well-being with all spheres of human life in the development strategy of the Sverdlovsk region. The regional development strategy is an important mechanism for ensuring a balance between industrial growth and environmental conservation. Therefore, the authority of traditional industrial regions of the Urals should strengthen the component of sustainable development in their strategies.

The application of sustainability concepts to Australian agriculture: an overview

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stoneham ◽  
M. Eigenraam ◽  
A. Ridley ◽  
N. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Weak Sustainability ◽  
Natural Resource Base ◽  
Basic Standards

This paper reviews the concepts of sustainable development in an economic, environmental and social context. Weak and strong versions of sustainable development are reviewed and applied to the agricultural sector. The paper demonstrates that despite any degradation of the natural resource base, the agricultural sector is more productive now than in the past. This has occurred because the rate of investment in research and development (resulting in increased reproducible capital) has more than offset the rate of degradation in the natural capital stock. Science, it is argued, is part of the economic system that allocates productive capacity between current and future generations. Increases in expenditure on agricultural R&D since the 1950s have ensured that past generations have transferred productive capacity to future generations. With respect to the environment, the authors argue that a strong version of sustainable development may be appropriate, particularly where there are uncertain and irreversible outcomes. Finally, it has been observed that a hybrid version of social sustainability has been adopted in Australia. While resource mobility in the agricultural sector has been generally encouraged (weak sustainability) this has been underpinned by a welfare system that ensures basic standards of well-being and opportunity (strong sustainability).

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASPECTS REGARDING THE TAXATION SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Maria Hămuraru ◽  
Alina Cojocaru
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Taxation System

This article reveals the comparative analysis of the tax system from Denmark and Norway which, although have a progressive tax system, also have a high level of social and economic well-being. The premise for the welfare state in Denmark and Norway lies in the awareness of all economic agents, including households, that taxes and fees contribute to ensuring sustainable development. Sustainable development represents all forms and methods of socio-economic development, focused on ensuring the balance between social, economic, ecological aspects and the elements of natural capital. Furthermore, there are researched ways to bond the tax system in the Republic of Moldova to international practices in order to ensure a high level of quality of life and sustainable development.

scholarly journals Embedding the United Nations sustainable development goals into energy systems analysis – expanding the food-energy-water nexus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taco Niet ◽  
Nastaran Arianpoo ◽  
Kamaria Kuling ◽  
Andrew Wright
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development Goals

Abstract BackgroundThere have been numerous studies that consider the nexus interactions between energy systems, land use, water use and climate adaptation and impacts. These studies have filled a gap in the literature to allow for more effective policymaking by considering the trade-offs between land use, energy infrastructure as well as the use of water for agriculture and providing energy services. Though these studies fill a significant gap in the modelling literature, we argue that more work is needed to effectively consider policy trade-offs between the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to avoid missing important interactions.ResultsWe examine the 17 SDGs individually to determine if it should be included in a modelling framework and the challenges of doing so. We show that the nexus of climate, land, energy and water needs to be expanded to consider economic well-being of both individuals and the greater economy, health benefits and impacts, as well as land use in terms of both food production and in terms of sustaining ecological diversity and natural capital. Such an expansion will allow energy systems models to better address the trade-offs and synergies inherent in the SDGs. Luckily, although there are some challenges with expanding the nexus in this way, we feel the challenges are generally modest and that many model structures can already incorporate many of these factors without significant modification.Finally, we argue that SDGs 16 and 17 cannot be met without open-source models and open data to allow for transparent analysis that can be used and reused with a low cost of entry for modellers from less well off nations.ConclusionsTo effectively address the SDGs there is a need to expand the common definition of the nexus of climate, land, energy, and water to include the synergies and trade-offs of health impacts, ecological diversity and the system requirements for human and environmental well-being. In most cases, expanding models to be able to incorporate these factors will be relatively straight forward, but open models and analysis are needed to fully support the SDGs.

scholarly journals Russian Arctic ecosystem sustainability in rapid changes and challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Violetta Gassiy ◽  
Anatoliy Sleptsov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Arctic Ecosystem ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Northern Regions

The issues of the ensuring of the Arctic ecosystem sustainability are considered in the paper. The authors research the main approaches to sustainable development policy implemented by the Arctic countries, including the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is justified by the ongoing rapid changes in the Arctic space lead to negative consequences associated with the safety of human life in the northern regions. The article also substantiates the positive aspects of climate change and their impact on sustainable development. Based on statistical analysis, the authors identify the main trends in socio-economic and environmental changes in the Russian Arctic. The Conclusion outlines the directions for ensuring of ecosystem sustainable development, based on innovation, non-conflict coexistence of northern communities and business, the implementation of a rational state policy based on the balance of the economy, social sphere and natural capital.

scholarly journals ECOSYSTEM SERVICES WITHIN A KEY SUBTROPICAL REGION AFFECTED BY THE YACYRETA DAM IN PARAGUAY

AGROFOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Rosa SERVÍN NASICH ◽  
Juan Francisco FACETTI
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Special Assessment

One of the most striking features of the ecosystem concept is that theircomponents, through natural structures and processes, render ecological functions,which are valued by society. The objective of this research was to identify anddescribe ecosystem services provided by the Natural Reserve Yacyretá, inaccordance with the goal of Paraguay’s National Law Nº 3,001 of 2006 ofconservation, protection, recovery and sustainable development of national naturalresources and biological diversity through fair, timely and adequate valuation andpayment for ecosystem services. The study was conducted during an environmentalmonitoring campaign in October 2016 in the reserve, using an ecosystem serviceschecklist constructed based on the classification provided by The Economics ofEcosystems and Biodiversity. This reserve is part of the conservation, protectionand compensation actions carried out by the Yacyretá Binational Entity in the areaof influence of the dam constructed between Paraguay and Argentina for theHydroelectric Power Station Yacyretá. Its purpose is the protection of ecosystems,communities of biological elements that, due to their rareness, fragility, importanceor singularity deserve a special assessment. This reserve has a highrepresentativeness of the resources of the Ñeembucú eco-region, and the presenceof two ecosystems scarcely represented in Paraguay, such as forests of arary(Callophyllum brasiliense) and a small formation of vegetated dunes. The reserveprovides all four categories of ecosystem services, directly and indirectly. Theseresults will be practical for stablishing conservation strategies to update itsmanagement plan and assess access to the system of valuation and payment forecosystem services.

scholarly journals Embedding the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals into Systems Analysis – Expanding the Food-Energy-Water Nexus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taco Niet ◽  
Nastaran Arianpoo ◽  
Kamaria Kuling ◽  
Andrew S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development Goals

Abstract Background: There have been many studies that consider the nexus interactions between energy systems, land use, water use and climate adaptation and impacts. These studies have filled a gap in the literature to allow for more effective policymaking by considering the trade-offs between land use, energy infrastructure as well as the use of water for agriculture and providing energy services. Though these studies fill a significant gap in the modelling literature, we argue that more work is needed to effectively consider policy trade-offs between the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to avoid missing important interactions.Results: We examine the 17 SDGs to determine if it should be included in a modelling framework and the challenges of doing so. We show that the nexus of climate, land, energy and water needs to be expanded to consider economic well-being of both individuals and the greater economy, health benefits and impacts, as well as land use in terms of both food production and in terms of sustaining ecological diversity and natural capital. Such an expansion will allow systems models to better address the trade-offs and synergies inherent in the SDGs. Luckily, although there are some challenges with expanding the nexus in this way, we feel the challenges are generally modest and that many model structures can already incorporate many of these factors without significant modification.Finally, we argue that SDGs 16 and 17 cannot be met without open-source models and open data to allow for transparent analysis that can be used and reused with a low cost of entry for modellers from less well off nations.Conclusions: To effectively address the SDGs there is a need to expand the common definition of the nexus of climate, land, energy, and water to include the synergies and trade-offs of health impacts, ecological diversity and the system requirements for human and environmental well-being. In most cases, expanding models to be able to incorporate these factors will be relatively straight forward, but open models and analysis are needed to fully support the SDGs.

A primer on the economics of natural capital and its relevance to deep-sea exploitation and conservation

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-52
Author(s):  
Porter Hoagland ◽  
Di Jin ◽  
Stace Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Blue Economy ◽  
Accounting Prices

Marine science is now moving quickly to reveal the biophysical, geochemical, and ecological properties of the deep sea. As this understanding grows, deep-sea resources will begin to be exploited more extensively, embodying the hopes of many for a Blue Economy. Institutions to govern this exploitation are only just finding their strides or even just emerging, but there are many cases already of resource overuse and degradation, including overfishing and the impacts beginning to be wrought by a changing climate. Progress towards the sustainable development of the deep sea requires useful indicators that point to changes in human well-being as the deep sea is exploited, such as measures of inclusive wealth. Accounting prices for the natural capital of the deep sea would be useful indicators, and several examples are explored to illustrate current understanding and research gaps. A future economic research agenda would involve refining estimates of accounting prices for the most important types of deep-sea natural capital, locating these within linked classifications of ecosystem services and natural capital, and the design and implementation of a system of economic and environmental accounts for the deep sea comprising the high seas, which lies beyond the purview of individual states.

scholarly journals Embedding the United Nations sustainable development goals into energy systems analysis: expanding the food–energy–water nexus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taco Niet ◽  
Nastaran Arianpoo ◽  
Kamaria Kuling ◽  
Andrew S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development Goals

Abstract Background There have been numerous studies that consider the nexus interactions between energy systems, land use, water use and climate adaptation and impacts. These studies have filled a gap in the literature to allow for more effective policymaking by considering the trade-offs between land use, energy infrastructure as well as the use of water for agriculture and providing energy services. Though these studies fill a significant gap in the modelling literature, we argue that more work is needed to effectively consider policy trade-offs between the 17 United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) to avoid missing important interactions. Results We examine the 17 SDGs individually to determine if it should be included in a modelling framework and the challenges of doing so. We show that the nexus of climate, land, energy and water needs to be expanded to consider economic well-being of both individuals and the greater economy, health benefits and impacts, as well as land use in terms of both food production and in terms of sustaining ecological diversity and natural capital. Such an expansion will allow energy systems models to better address the trade-offs and synergies inherent in the SDGs. Luckily, although there are some challenges with expanding the nexus in this way, we feel the challenges are generally modest and that many model structures can already incorporate many of these factors without significant modification. Finally, we argue that SDGs 16 and 17 cannot be met without open-source models and open data to allow for transparent analysis that can be used and reused with a low cost of entry for modellers from less well-off nations. Conclusions To effectively address the SDGs, there is a need to expand the common definition of the nexus of climate, land, energy, and water to include the synergies and trade-offs of health impacts, ecological diversity and the system requirements for human and environmental well-being. In most cases, expanding models to be able to incorporate these factors will be relatively straight forward, but open models and analysis are needed to fully support the SDGs.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WEAK AND STRONG SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MODELS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajiyev Ayaz Amir oglu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Strong Sustainability ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The concepts of weak and strong sustainable development are used in the analy­sis of sustainable development. At the scientific level, the concepts of sustai­nability and sustainable development have been tried in different ways, and over time, dif­ferent view aspects have emerged. As is generally known, sustainable development sees the best way to ensure the well-being of future generations in providing the next generation with the same resources as today. At this point, there is some discussion about the nature of the resource that needs to be protected. This discussion to­uching on the relationship between human capital and natural capital has led to the emergence of the concepts of weak and strong sustainability, i.e., models of weak and strong sustainable development.The emergence of weak and strong sustainable development models, the basics and principles that differs them from each other, as well as the study and analysis of the arguments of the supporters of these approaches, are of great relevance. Analyzing in the article the positions of those, who support strong sustainability, it is con­c­luded that the replacement of development characterized by quantitative growth with qualitative sustainable development to increase welfare is one of the important principles of strong sus­tainable development.

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