Gavialis gangeticus: Choudhury, B.C., Singh, L.A.K., Rao, R.J., Basu, D., Sharma, R.K., Hussain, S.A., Andrews, H.V., Whitaker, N., Whitaker, R., Lenin, J., Maskey, T., Cadi, A., Rashid, S.M.A., Choudhury, A.A., Dahal, B., Win Ko Ko, U., Thorbjarnarson, J & Ross, J.P.

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Gavialis Gangeticus

scholarly journals Microsatellite analysis reveals low genetic diversity in managed populations of the critically endangered gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Prasad Sharma ◽  
Mirza Ghazanfarullah Ghazi ◽  
Suyash Katdare ◽  
Niladri Dasgupta ◽  
Samrat Mondol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Genetic Status ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Gavialis Gangeticus

AbstractThe gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is a critically endangered crocodylian, endemic to the Indian subcontinent. The species has experienced severe population decline during the twentieth century owing to habitat loss, poaching, and mortalities in passive fishing. Its extant populations have largely recovered through translocation programmes initiated in 1975. Understanding the genetic status of these populations is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of the ongoing conservation efforts. This study assessed the genetic diversity, population structure, and evidence of genetic bottlenecks of the two managed populations inhabiting the Chambal and Girwa Rivers, which hold nearly 80% of the global gharial populations. We used seven polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci and a 520 bp partial fragment of the mitochondrial control region (CR). The overall mean allelic richness (Ar) was 2.80 ± 0.40, and the observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities were 0.40 ± 0.05 and 0.39 ± 0.05, respectively. We observed low levels of genetic differentiation between populations (FST = 0.039, P < 0.05; G’ST = 0.058, P < 0.05 Jost’s D = 0.016, P < 0.05). The bottleneck analysis using the M ratio (Chambal = 0.31 ± 0.06; Girwa = 0.41 ± 0.12) suggested the presence of a genetic bottleneck in both populations. The mitochondrial CR also showed a low level of variation, with two haplotypes observed in the Girwa population. This study highlights the low level of genetic diversity in the two largest managed gharial populations in the wild. Hence, it is recommended to assess the genetic status of extant wild and captive gharial populations for planning future translocation programmes to ensure long-term survival in the wild.

scholarly journals Population Status and Distribution of Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu P Thapaliya ◽  
Madhav Khadka ◽  
Hemanta Kafley
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Gavialis Gangeticus

Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), biological treasure of the Indian subcontinent now restricts its existence in few big river systems of India and Nepal only. Innumerable threats posed to Gharial and its natural habitat led to extinction of the species from Bhutan, Burma and Pakistan and almost extinct from Bangladesh. Despite of the concerted Gharial conservation effort of Nepal and India since midtwentieth century, the species finds its status as Critically Endangered on the IUCN 2007 Red list. Realizing the fact that a basic step in any conservation plan involving mega herpetofauna is to estimate its population status and structure and its geographic distribution, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Nepal held Gharial census on January-February 2008. The census estimated a total of 81 Gharials in Nepal. Out of total Gharial recorded during the census, 70 Gharials were recorded through direct sighting while 11 were based on indirect observations. Factors responsible for decreasing Gharial population were flood and dam construction, habitat destruction and decline in food quality & quantity. Over fishing, use of gill nets and river poisoning adversely affected the quality and quantity of fishes that serve as main food for Gharial. Contradictory to the past findings decreasing Gharial population was not attributed to the illegal egg collection and poaching of male Gharial for "Ghara". Deliberate killing was only found to take place in case the animal got entrapped in fishing nets. We conclude that Gharial should receive high conservation priority in future too. Efforts to restore the population through artificial breeding have much to do for maintaining present population. However, declining population, despite of several Gharial releases, should be addressed through more detailed scientific study. Census should be based on direct sighting through extensive field observation. Gharial release should precede scientific field study for assessing habitat suitability and follow with intensive monitoring program. The emphasis should be given for preparing specific Gharial Conservation Action Plan for regulating conservation activities to help conserve Gharial in Nepal. Key Words: Gharial conservation, Population status, Captive breeding, Threats DOI: 10.3126/init.v3i0.2422 The Initiation Vol.3 2009 p.1-11

scholarly journals Diversity of Herpetofauna in and around the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve

BIBECHANA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damodar Thapa Chhetry
Keyword(s):  
Gavialis Gangeticus ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

The paper deals with the herpetofauna of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and its surroundings. A total of 23 species of herpetofauna belonging to 19 genera and 13 families were recorded. Of these 8 species belonging to 6 genera and 3 families were amphibians, and 15 species belonging to 13 genera and 10 families were reptiles. Keywords: herpetofauna; Gavialis gangeticus; Koshi TappuDOI: 10.3126/bibechana.v6i0.3933BIBECHANA Vol. 6, March 2010 pp.15-17

scholarly journals Some Helminth Parasites of Gharial from Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Mani Kumal ◽  
Mahendra Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
National Park ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Gavialis Gangeticus

A study on helminth parasites on captive gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) was conducted during July-December 2012 at Gharial Breeding Centre, Kasara, Chitwan National Park to isolate, identify and find out their prevalence. Dead gharial hatchlings were collected directly from the centre in fresh and frozen conditions. Out of 85 samples   examined, 40 samples 47.06% as prevalence rate of helminth parasites. During the study three helminth parasites were first reported from the gharials of Nepal; Pentastomid (Sebekia sp.), Capillarioids and Ascaridoids. The dead hatchlings were found to be infected with Pentastomid (41.17%), Ascaridoids (7.05%), Capillarioids (1.17%), Proctocaecum gairhei (3.52%) and Exotidendrium sp. (36.47%). In the month of December helminth parasites showed highest prevalence; Sebekia sp. (100%) and Proctocaecum gairhei (75%) and Exotidendrium sp. (100%) and the lowest prevalence in the month of July; Sebekia sp. (4%), Capillarioids (4%) and Exotidendrium sp. (8%).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/njst.v15i2.12111Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 15, No.2 (2014) 37-40

scholarly journals Koshi Tappu Ramsar Site: Updates on Ramsar Information Sheet on Wetlands

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhamak B Karki
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Oxbow Lakes ◽  
Information Sheet ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Gavialis Gangeticus ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

Major changes to the ecological character of the Ramsar site, including in the application of the Criteria, since the previous Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for the site are the degradation of forest quality due to the invasion of the exotic species especially Mikania micrantha since last few years, replacement of old grassland habitat by new ones due to the meandering of the Koshi River and alteration of plant species composition due to the vegetation changes. For example, few plant species have appeared in the Sisso- Acacia forest habitat. Decline in water birds population due to poisoning, siltation in the rivers/surrounding wetlands and over fishing has been noticed. Moreover eutrophication is prevalent in most stagnant waters especially oxbow lakes and seepage ponds. Over-exploitation in the natural resources has led to the degradation of the habitat quality and loss, hence the change in population of Wild Water Buffalo (Bubalus arnee), deer species (Axis spp.), Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) and Gangetic Dolphin (Platanista gangetica). The current flood of Koshi River after the breakage of the eastern embankment is uncertain to predict the future of the lower part of the Koshi Tappu Ramsar site. Key Words: Ramsar information sheet (RIS), Alien spps, Koshi tappu wildlife reserve (KTWR), Ramsar convention. DOI: 10.3126/init.v2i1.2513 The Initiation Vol.2(1) pp10-16  

scholarly journals Counting crocodiles from the sky: monitoring the critically endangered gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) population with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokarna Jung Thapa ◽  
Kanchan Thapa ◽  
Ramesh Thapa ◽  
Shant Raj Jnawali ◽  
Serge A. Wich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gavialis Gangeticus ◽  
The Given

Technology is rapidly changing the methods used in the field of wildlife monitoring. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are an example of a new technology that allows biologists to take to the air to monitor wildlife. A fixed-wing UAV was used to monitor the critically endangered gharial population along 46 km of the Babai River in Bardia National Park, Nepal. The UAV was flown at an altitude of 80 m along 12 pre-designed missions and, with a search effort of 2.72 h of flight time, acquired a total of 11 799 images covering an effective surface area of 8.2 km2 of riverbank habitat. The images taken from the UAV could differentiate between gharial and muggers. A total count of 33 gharials and 31 muggers with observed density (per square kilometre) of 4.64 and 4.0 for gharial and mugger, respectively. Comparison of count data between one-time UAV and multiple conventional visual encounter rate surveys’ data showed no significant difference in the mean. Basking season and turbidity were important factors for monitoring crocodiles along the riverbank habitat. Efficacy of monitoring crocodiles by UAV at the given altitude can be replicated in high-priority areas with lower operating cost and acquisition of high-resolution data.

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