Criminal Law. Judicial Discretion. Denial of Motion to Discharge Jury Because of Newspaper Articles Read by Them as Reversible Error

1928 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Newspaper Articles

scholarly journals Individualization of punishment in accordance with criminal legislation of Spain: concept, rules of formalization (calculation), and doctrinal substantiation (comparative legal research)

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Elena Yurishina
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Spanish Legislation

  This article examines the question of imposition of punishment (pena) and its individualization (individualización) in Spain from the perspective of criminal law theory. The subject of this research is a set of legislative norms, doctrinal interpretations and explanations, contained in interpretational acts of Spain dedicated to the assemblage of mathematical rules of calculation of the term of punishment by combination of certain characteristics of the case (formalization rules in the Russian analogue) and circumstances reluctant to quantitative evaluation (oriented towards the criteria of judicial discretion). The article also presents some theoretical insights into the question of making decision on the punishment and competition between formalization and judicial discretion. Research methodology is based on the formal-legal and comparative methods, which allowed the author to examine Spanish legislation and determined certain analogies with the Russian. The scientific novelty consists in the detailed and systematized description of the rules of formalization of punishment in Spanish legislation, enlarge the capabilities of Russian science with regards to analysis of similarities and differences in legislations of various countries. The author offers the original definition of the institution of assignment of punishment that includes criminal-procedural vector, as well as substantiates an opinion why stringent formalization does not always meet the demands of justice.  

scholarly journals Judicial Discretion in Sentencing: A Justice System that is No Longer Just?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sean J. Mallett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Regional Disparity ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Synthesis Approach

<p>One of the fundamental principles of the criminal law is consistency: like offenders must be treated alike. However, research has shown that when it comes to sentencing in New Zealand there is in fact substantial regional disparity in the penalty imposed on similarly situated offenders. The situation is unacceptable, and undermines the integrity of the criminal justice system. This paper will explore three different mechanisms for guiding judicial discretion in the pursuit of sentencing consistency. It will undertake an analysis of mandatory sentences and the ‘instinctive synthesis’ approach, both of which will be shown to be unsatisfactory. Instead, the paper will argue that the establishment of a Sentencing Council with a mandate to draft presumptively binding guidelines is the most appropriate way forward for New Zealand. This option finds the correct equilibrium between giving a judge sufficient discretion to tailor a sentence that is appropriate in the circumstances of the individual case, yet limiting discretion enough to achieve consistency between cases.</p>

ON THE JUDICIAL DISCRETION IN THE FRAMING OF CRIMINAL LAW SANCTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
I. M. Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Effective Application

The article examines the issue of limiting judicial discretion in the framing of sanctions of criminal law norms. The approaches to its solution available in the criminal law doctrine are analyzed. The author comes to the conclusion that the establishment of optimal limits of judicial discretion is one of the main tasks of the legislator and a necessary condition for the effective application of criminal law

scholarly journals Being (almost) invisible: Victims of crime in the Italian juvenile criminal justice system

Temida ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Susanna Vezzadini
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Application Of Law ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Victims Of Crime

From 2008 to 2013 the author has been a Special Judge in the Juvenile Criminal Court of the Emilia Romagna Region. From that privileged perspective, it was possible to observe the dynamics of how victims of underage offenders were considered before the law, no differences if they are adults or minors, too. The reflections presented will first consider EU and UN provision on victims of crime; then, the normative framework supporting the Italian criminal juvenile justice system will be considered by an examining of the difficulties victims meet in that peculiar context. The implementation of juvenile criminal law shows the paradox victims of crime have to cope with. The Juvenile Criminal Court in Bologna recently started to promote a wide use of restorative justice measures as an attempt to correct the unfair consequences in the application of law, with judicial discretion interpreted as an instrument to favour victims? harm recognition and to protect their dignity as persons.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF DISPOSITIONS OF ARTICLES OF A SPECIAL PART OF RHE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Диана Викторовна Голенко
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Special Part ◽  
The Russian Federation

В работе исследуется структурный элемент статьи Особенной части Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации - диспозиция. Затрагивается вопрос о соотношении диспозиции статьи, диспозиции нормы и состава преступления. Уделено внимание существующим в современной доктрине уголовного права представлениям о диспозиции статьи уголовного закона, ее видах, структуре. Обращено внимание на простые, описательные, бланкетные, ссылочные диспозиции, а также на особенности их использования. Исследуются абстрактный, казуистический приемы изложения нормативного материала. Обозначены преимущества и недостатки применения законодателем тех или иных приемов, а также влияние способа изложения диспозиции на пределы судейского усмотрения при применении статей. В работе обращено внимание на тенденции, характерные для современного законодателя. The article investigates the structural element of the article of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - disposition. The question is raised about the ratio of the disposition of the article, the disposition of the norm and the corpus delicti. Attention is paid to the ideas exiting in the modern doctrine of criminal law on the disposition of an article of the criminal law, its types, structure. Attention is drawn to simple, descriptive, blank, reference dispositions, as well as to the features of their use. Abstract, casuistic techniques of presentation of normative material are investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of these or those methods by the legislator, as well as the influence of the method of presentation of the disposition on the limits of judicial discretion when applying the articles are indicated. The article draws attention to the trends characteristic of the modern legislator.

scholarly journals Judicial Discretion in Sentencing: A Justice System that is No Longer Just?

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean J Mallett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Regional Disparity ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Synthesis Approach

One of the fundamental principles of the criminal law is consistency: like offenders must be treated alike. However, research has shown that when it comes to sentencing in New Zealand, there is in fact substantial regional disparity in the penalty imposed on similarly situated offenders. The situation is unacceptable, and undermines the integrity of the criminal justice system. This article will explore three different mechanisms for guiding judicial discretion in the pursuit of sentencing consistency. It will undertake an analysis of mandatory sentences and the "instinctive synthesis" approach, both of which will be shown to be unsatisfactory. Instead, the article will argue that the establishment of a Sentencing Council with a mandate to draft presumptively binding guidelines is the most appropriate way forward for New Zealand. This option finds the correct equilibrium between giving a judge sufficient discretion to tailor a sentence that is appropriate in the circumstances of the individual case, yet limiting discretion enough to achieve consistency between cases.

scholarly journals Islamic Legal Maxims as Substantive Canons of Construction: Hudūd-Avoidance in Cases of Doubt

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Intisar Rabb
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
High Status ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Status Offenders ◽  
The Law ◽  
Criminal Matters

AbstractLegal maxims reflect settled principles of law to which jurists appeal when confronting new legal cases. One such maxim of Islamic criminal law stipulates that judges are to avoid imposing hudūd and other sanctions when beset by doubts as to the scope of the law or the sufficiency of the evidence (idra'ū'l-hudūd bi'l-shubahāt): the "hudūd maxim." Jurists of all periods reference this maxim widely. But whereas developed juristic works attribute it to Muhammad in the form of a prophetic report (hadīth), early jurists do not. Instead, they cite the maxim as an anonymous saying of nonspecific provenance in a form unknown to hadīth collectors of the first three centuries after Islam's advent. This difference in the jurists' citations of the maxim signals a significant shift in claims to legal authority and the asserted scope of judicial discretion, as jurists debated whether and how to resolve legal and factual doubt. While political authorities exercised increasingly wide discretion over criminal matters and used it to benefit the elite, most jurists promoted an egalitarian "jurisprudence of doubt" through insisting on criminal liability for high-status offenders and heightening claims of the authoritativeness and scope of the hudūd maxim as a hadīth.

scholarly journals Judicial Discretion in Sentencing: A Justice System that is No Longer Just?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sean J. Mallett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Regional Disparity ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Synthesis Approach

<p>One of the fundamental principles of the criminal law is consistency: like offenders must be treated alike. However, research has shown that when it comes to sentencing in New Zealand there is in fact substantial regional disparity in the penalty imposed on similarly situated offenders. The situation is unacceptable, and undermines the integrity of the criminal justice system. This paper will explore three different mechanisms for guiding judicial discretion in the pursuit of sentencing consistency. It will undertake an analysis of mandatory sentences and the ‘instinctive synthesis’ approach, both of which will be shown to be unsatisfactory. Instead, the paper will argue that the establishment of a Sentencing Council with a mandate to draft presumptively binding guidelines is the most appropriate way forward for New Zealand. This option finds the correct equilibrium between giving a judge sufficient discretion to tailor a sentence that is appropriate in the circumstances of the individual case, yet limiting discretion enough to achieve consistency between cases.</p>

scholarly journals Criminal Law Sanctions and the Practice of Their Implementation in Counteracting Some Crimes of Corruption

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-554
Author(s):  
Boris Gavrilov ◽  
Evgeniya Rogova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Organizational Management ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Economic Crimes

When analyzing the problem of counteracting crimes with a corruption component, specialists single out different areas: criminological, victimological, criminal prevention, organizational-management, etc. The authors of the article focus on such criminal law area as the application of criminal law sanctions and their effectiveness in counteracting some most common types of crimes of corruption. This topic is of much interest because the introduction of amendments into criminal legislation in 2003–2011 and later years that eliminated the minimum punishment of incarceration or fine for a considerable number of norms, the lack of coordination between specific types of punishment, and a number of other factors created conditions for a rather wide and often unjustified use of judicial discretion when determining punishment for crimes of corruption, which led both the research community and the practicing lawyers to believe that the criminal law itself contains a corruption component. The abovementioned factors, together with the task of liberalizing criminal legislation on economic crimes set by the country’s leadership, demand a simultaneous improvement of the effectiveness of criminal law measures used for the category of unlawful actions under discussion. Taking into consideration the analysis of criminal law sanctions for specific types of crimes of corruption, the existing court practice of awarding criminal sentences for them, and the statistical data of the Court Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to draw attention of court authorities and lawmakers to the existing problems both in the legislative content of criminal law sanctions and in their implementation; their essence is outlined in the current article. The choice of the types of crimes of corruption, the criminal law sanctions for which are analyzed in the article, is not accidental and is justified by their prevalence in the practice of law enforcement.

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