Linguistic Research between Nile and Lake Chad

Opening ParagraphIn the vast countries which stretch between Kordofan and the Bahr el Ghazal Province in the east, Tripolis in the north, Lake Chad and the north-western frontier of the Cameroons in the west, and a line in the south which is formed by the southern border of the colony Ubangui-Chari, linguistic research work is still only in its beginnings. The languages spoken in the above regions which comprise the highlands of Tibesti, Borku, Enedi, and the old kingdoms of Darfor, Dar Banda, Wadai, Bagirmi, Bornu, Adamawa, and their neighbouring countries, are still to-day the least known of all the languages of Africa. This part of Central Africa lies far from the animated coastal areas and was occupied by European Powers only in a comparatively recent period. But the study of languages of newly occupied countries is not the first object of a Native Administration, especially where Arabic is a first means of communication; and Arabic plays an important role indeed in some parts at least of Central Africa. Besides the use for purposes of administration, linguistic research work is linked to two undertakings: the missions and native education. Missionary work is especially important in pagan countries, but may have little or no influence in a large part of Muhammadan Central Africa.

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National Report for Cameroon

Commencement of Insolvency Proceedings ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199644223.003.0004 ◽

2012 ◽

Keyword(s):

Informal Sector ◽

West Coast ◽

Central Africa ◽

The West ◽

Republic Of Congo ◽

Lake Chad ◽

The North ◽

East Lake ◽

The Republic ◽

Common Misunderstanding

Cameroon is a developing country with an extensive informal sector and a population of approximately 20 million people. There is a common misunderstanding about the location of Cameroon. While many think it is located on the west coast of Africa, it is rather located in central Africa bordered by Nigeria to the west, Chad and the Central African Republic to the east, Lake Chad to the north and the Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to the south.

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The Linguistic Situation in the Lake Chad Area in Central Africa

Africa ◽

10.2307/3180624 ◽

1936 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 332-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Lukas

Keyword(s):

Central Africa ◽

Lake Chad ◽

African Languages ◽

Linguistic Groups ◽

Opening Paragraph ◽

African Linguistics ◽

Source Of Information

Opening ParagraphOur knowledge of the linguistic groups in the Lake Chad area of Central Africa is very incomplete. In many respects the work of H. Barth, Central-African Vocabularies, 1862, is our only source of information. This source is incomplete, especially phonetically, and therefore of little value. The study of the sounds of African languages has developed very much recently, and there is no important school of African linguistics in which descriptive phonetics does not play an outstanding role.

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The Social Organization of the Kung (!UN) Bushmen of the North-Western Kalahari

Africa ◽

10.2307/1155993 ◽

1943 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 124-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frank Brownlee

Keyword(s):

Simple Form ◽

Judicial System ◽

Previous Knowledge ◽

The North ◽

The Social ◽

Form Of Government ◽

Mode Of Life ◽

The Individual ◽

Opening Paragraph ◽

North Western

Opening ParagraphWith some previous knowledge of these people I had expected to ascertain on inquiry that they had a set if simple form of government and something more or less regular in their group and tribal organization, whereas I find that there is no cohesion or co-operation between groups or collections of groups, chieftainship hardly exists, and there is little or nothing in the way of a judicial system. What may have been custom seems to have been replaced to a great extent by habit and impulse, the interest of the individual is paramount to the exclusion of the good of the community—in short their mode of life, in spite of what may be said cf co-operative food quest, is the most complete expression of individualism, and any man who in astuteness and cunning, bravery and endurance, or in other similar qualities shows himself to be ahead of his fellows becomes their unacknowledged leader.

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The Expansion of the Blackbird, Turdus Merula (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), in the Steppe Zone of Ukraine

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.1515/vzoo-2017-0049 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 413-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. N. Tsvelykh

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Left Bank ◽

Turdus Merula ◽

The North ◽

The Crimea ◽

Southern Border ◽

The Right ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

North Western

Abstract The distribution of Turdus merula in the steppe zone of Ukraine is studied. The expansion of its range occurred in the steppe zone in artificial forestations, many of which have been established as early as the second half of the 19th century. However, the Blackbird expansion in the steppe zone of the Left-bank and Right-bank Ukraine started only in the middle of the 20th century, and in the Crimean steppe zone only to the end of the 20th century. Now, the southern border of this species’ range in the Left -bank Ukraine is almost at the northern coasts of the Black and Azov seas. In the Right-bank Ukraine its range is already at the seashore. In the Crimean steppe zone, the range expanded to the North of the forests of mountainous Crimea. The Blackbird populations farthest from the mountainous forests are found in artificial forest plantings at the northern and eastern borders of the peninsula. The species is absent from the western and north-western steppes of the Crimea.

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Bolstered ISWAP will stretch Nigerian army resources

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db244299 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Medium Term ◽

Short Term ◽

Boko Haram ◽

Content Type ◽

Lake Chad ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Lake Chad Basin ◽

North Western

Significance In recent months, ISWAP has apparently seized large amounts of military weapons and equipment from the Nigerian military, including heavy armour, and strengthened its control of seized areas. With a raging banditry crisis in the north-west dividing its attention, the army is on the back foot against both ISWAP and the Abubakar Shekau-led Boko Haram faction in the Lake Chad Basin. Impacts ISWAP’s funding will likely remain locally based over the short term, but concerns will grow over increasing international links. Shekau’s Boko Haram faction is less potent currently but remains a serious threat over the short-to-medium term. Minimal reported clashes between ISWAP and Boko Haram fighters indicate both are mainly occupied with attacking military targets for now. Scrutiny will grow over the alleged role of Ansaru, a small group of al-Qaida-linked former Boko Haram fighters, in north-western violence.

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German Uplands and Alpine Foreland

The Physical Geography of Western Europe ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199277759.003.0021 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Eduard Koster

Keyword(s):

The South ◽

The North ◽

Contour Lines ◽

Difference Of Opinion ◽

Southern Border ◽

Alpine Foreland ◽

Morphotectonic Evolution ◽

River Valleys ◽

Landform Regions ◽

North Western

From north to south in Germany there is a rough symmetry in the distribution of the major geological and landform units. Quaternary glacial and fluvioglacial deposits and landforms characterize the Northern Lowlands and the Alpine Foreland in the south. Relief in both these areas is relatively flat, mostly of the order of a few tens of metres to 200 metres. The central part of the country, roughly between a line from Bonn–Dortmund–Hannover–Leipzig–Dresden in the north and the river Danube in the south, is dominated by uplands and basins, mainly consisting of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rocks, exhibiting a relief of several hundred metres. This central region is bordered in the western and eastern part by fault block mountains and massifs consisting of Palaeozoic, partly crystalline rocks. These massifs attain heights of c.500–1,500 m. Based on a combination of morphotectonic evolution and landform associations, most authors distinguish five major landform regions: • The North German Lowlands as a part of the North European Lowlands, extending from the north-western tip of France, through Belgium and The Netherlands to the Polish–Russian border and beyond. The southern border of this region more or less coincides with the 100–200 m contour lines as well as with the maximum extension of the Fennoscandian ice sheets. The usual thickness of the glacial/fluvioglacial sediment sequence is between 100 and 300 m; the maximum thickness is almost 500 m. In contrast to Ahnert (1989b), the Lower Rhine graben and the Munster Embayment are included in this region by Semmel (1996) and Liedtke and Marcinek (2002). • The Central German Uplands. This region is characterized by a relief between 200 and 1,000 m, locally to 1,500 m, old Palaeozoic (Variscan) massifs, denudational landforms with planation surfaces, cuestas, hogbacks, basins, and deeply incised river valleys. Concerning the southern border of this region there also appears to be some difference of opinion. Semmel (1996) obviously includes the Saar-Nahe Upland and the Thüringer Wald, the Erzgebirge, the Bayerischer Wald, and Böhmer Wald. This is also the case with the geomorphic map in the Nationalatlas by Liedtke et al. (2003). Liedtke and Marcinek (2002), however, do not include the Saar-Nahe Upland nor the Bayerischer Wald and Böhmer Wald.

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