Microwave Digestion of Hazardous Waste Sludge in Geothermal Hot Waters by Char/Fly Ash Granule Composts-Hazardous Sludges and Industrial Waste Water Treatment

Most of the previous were regarding characteristics of sludge from urban/municipal activities concerning environmental issues on industrial sludge discharges causing fatal disasters in the lakes and water streams. The washing treatment of mud was searched. This research study concentrated over oxidative heavy metal dissolution and sterilization washing of muddy sludge of chemical, steel and copper refinery plants. The hazardous Hg and Pd contents using washing dissolution provided recovery of metals and treated sludge as the feedstock for digestion process. The research used hazardous sludge which is the by-product of the heat treated steel manufacturing process of CN baths and sludge from pulp washing industries. However, there is a sterilization washing by microwave radiation was reported on various sludge metal contamination characteristics in wastewater treatment stage. The results of a limited number of bench-scale sludge washing experiments conducted in the tube reactor study confirmed high radiation trends for washing dissolution with H2O2 in soil samples obtained from different locations in the north lake area of discharge of at the Plant Site. In general the contaminants in waste pond soils partitioned preferentially to the fine fraction of the soil (<150 μm however, the sand fraction (−0,5 mm + 150 μm) still contained significant contamination. These tests also showed that the heavy metal contaminants were highly dissolved at 45–76% in the wash water, which will reduce washing toxicity and improve metal recovers.

North Lake Shore Drive

This chapter focuses on the growing conception of the lakefront as an environmental amenity and the completion of Lake Shore Drive and associated parks. The chapter traces the construction north from the original Lincoln Park to Hollywood Avenue. It argues that the emerging clarification of ownership following the title to the bed of Lake Michigan set off a series of seismic disturbances along the lakeshore and laid the groundwork, legally speaking, for the construction of north Lake Shore Drive. The chapter examines the riparian rights of the private landowners farther north along Lake Michigan's shore. It illustrates how the Lincoln Park Commission (LPC) devised two methods for acquiring the riparian rights of landowners in order to extend Lincoln Park to the north. The chapter also introduces Edward O. Brown, a creative lawyer working for the LPC in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, who conceived and advanced the ideas about the boundary-line mechanism and the judicial elimination of any right to wharf out in Lake Michigan. The chapter examines how Brown's skillful manipulation of the courts to eliminate the right to wharf out turned out to be a good thing.

Characterising As–Bi–Co–Cu-bearing minerals at Scar Crags and Dale Head North, Lake District, UK

Scar Crags and Dale Head North in the English Lake District host mineralised veins enriched in ‘Energy Critical Elements’ (ECEs) specifically, bismuth, cobalt and copper. A limited number of studies in the 1970s investigated the mineralogy and inferred the genesis of these veins as being related to the intrusion of the Lake District batholith.This study investigates the geology, mineralogy, composition and paragenesis of these two mineralised areas. The results highlight the ubiquitous presence of Co–Fe–Ni-sulfarsenides in both deposits and the presence of some mineral species, hitherto unreported. Scar Crags samples contained high concentrations of cobalt, commonly present within arsenopyrite, whereas cobalt is of minor importance at Dale Head North, where copper and arsenic are the primary metals. A sequence of events, with As–Co–Ni-bearing fluids infilling the veins after an initial stage of quartz and chlorite precipitation is the most striking resemblance between the two mineralised systems, potentially indicating a common process for Co-rich vein-type deposits in the area. If so, understanding such processes could prove vital in aiding exploration in other terranes.

Quantification and Regionalization of the Interaction between the Doumen Reservoir and Regional Groundwater in the Urban Plains of Northwest China

Groundwater and artificial reservoirs are in a continuous dynamic interaction that can affect not only water quantity but the quality. In this paper, taking the DR (Doumen Reservoir) as an example, the level dynamic changes between the DRTS (Doumen Reservoir Test Section) and groundwater were discussed, and the water quality used by SFE (single-factor evaluation) and WQI (water quality index) method were analyzed. A coupling model is presented to quantify the leakage impact range and groundwater budget and regionalize the impact of surface water on regional groundwater quality. The results show that the level dynamics of the reservoir and groundwater are highly consistent, with a cross-correlation coefficient of 0.85 and a lag time of about 7 days. The reservoir recharges the groundwater with an increase-decrease-stationary wave dynamic potential. After 3 years of operation of the DR, the groundwater still is recharged, the groundwater level will rise obviously, with a maximum of 8.5 m. The amount of surface water recharged is always 0. NH3-N, and COD will have varying degrees of impact, both of which are mainly the pollution halo around North Lake. The results can provide support for water resources management and environmental protection of urban plain reservoirs.

Arsenic survey in Dried Sediments of Maharlu Saline Lake

Being on the steep slope of Shiraz city and getting the main drainages, Maharlu Lake is always home to extensive levels of urban pollution. Prolonged droughts and drying of surface sediments of the lake happen usually in warm seasons of the year, and with the continuation of the droughts particles spread out from the surface into the surroundings of the lake. Arsenic and its compound are well known for its toxicity and carcinogenicity. Industrial and farming waste in upstream of the lake are the main sources of arsenic and may disperse in Maharlu Lake. In this study, by meshing the lake’s surface and by sampling 15 points 3 kilometers away there determined the Arsenic amount. Then, the toxicity indexes and Mueller index together with its risks were studied before zoning of the lake through GIS and verification. The results showed that the average concentration of arsenic was 3.5 mg/ kg of surface sediment. The concentration has gone in most parts of the lake below normal as shown by Mueller index so that its contamination and lower-than-usual toxicity is deemed anthropogenic. Interpolations by GPI, LPI, and IDW methods demonstrated the north part of the lake more concentrated, likely due to the north lake farming and being the entrance of River Soltanabad. The verification of data has recognized the IDW method as the most accurate as regards interpolation. According to the importance of heavy metals in the dust, samples should be taken from winds coming from the lakeside as dust hotspot to control the metals concentration.

Mysid (Crustacea: Mysidacea) Distribution in the Bolgoda Estuarine System and Lunawa Lagoon, Sri Lanka

Mysids are one of the most abundant and important fauna in estuarine hyperbenthic communities. They form important links in estuarine food chains and play a critical role in the cycling of energy within estuarine systems. Therefore, it is important to recognize the distribution of estuarine mysids in Sri Lanka. The present study was undertaken in Bolgoda estuarine system and Lunawa lagoon, in order to find out the distribution of mysids in these brackish water systems. Reconnaissance surveys were conducted, in Bolgoda North Lake, Panadura estuary of the Bolgoda estuarine system and the Lunawa lagoon from April 2012 to February 2013. The samples were collected using a hand held dip net, during day time at low tide along an eighty meter transect at the boundary of the estuarine waters. Mesopodopsis zeylanica was the only mysid species observed from the low water areas of the lagoon along the boundary of the stream. In each collection, it was recorded, higher percentages of females than the males. Mysids were recoded only from unpolluted areas and they were absent, where Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) was widespread. The findings of this analysis could be used to establish the fact that boundary condition and polluted condition are having a great effect on presence of mysids. It may be due to their specific niche requirements and specialized habitats. Accordingly, mysids serve as pollution indicator species in estuarine ecosystems. An immediate management strategy is required in protecting the Bolgoda estuarine systems from dumping household pollutants as well as other pollutants and complete elimination of the invader plants like E. crassipes, in order to protect estuarine biodiversity.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT Volume-6, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2016/17, page: 23-30