scholarly journals Exclusion of Illegal Evidence under the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure

1956 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Robert W. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Illegal Evidence

scholarly journals Normatywne ujęcie czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych w aspekcie dowodu nielegalnego

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 333-350
Author(s):  
Norbert Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Covert Activity ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Illegal Evidence ◽  
Operational Methods ◽  
Practical Dimension

Zagadnienia omawiane w niniejszym artykule dotyczą statusu normatywnego czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych w kontekście ustawy o Policji oraz kodeksu postępowania karnego. Podjęto próbę wskazania warunków, które rzutują na legalny charakter inwigilacji, a co za tym idzie – na skuteczne wykorzystanie materiału operacyjnego w procesie karnym. W tym celu scharakteryzowano niejawną aktywność Policji, wyszczególniając dopuszczalne metody operacyjne oraz definiując czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawcze w świetle literatury przedmiotu. Aby w pełni zobrazować problematykę poruszoną w artykule, przeanalizowano relację prawną między dowodem nielegalnym, o którym mowa w art. 168a kpk, a dowodem z czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych, na przykładzie zarządzonej kontroli operacyjnej. Praktyczny wymiar tych rozważań omówiono z punktu widzenia postępowania dowodowego, z uwzględnieniem ról i obowiązków procesowych prokuratora oraz sądu. Normative approach to operational and reconnaissance activities in terms of illegal evidence The issues discussed in this article refer to the normative status of operational and investigative activities in the context of the Police Act and the Code of Criminal Procedure. Namely, an attempt was made to demonstrate the conditions that affect the legal nature of surveillance, and thus the effective use of operational material in a criminal trial. For this purpose, the covert activity of the Police has been characterized by listing acceptable operational methods and defining operational and reconnaissance activities in the light of the literature on the subject. Therefore, in order to fully illustrate the issues discussed, an analysis was conducted of the legal relationship between the illegal evidence referred to in Art. 168a of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the evidence from operational and reconnaissance activities, on the example of an ordered operational control. The practical dimension of these considerations is discussed from the point of view of evidence proceedings, taking into account the procedural roles and responsibilities of the prosecutor and the court.

scholarly journals Illegal evidence in the criminal procedure: Statement of the accused and technical records of facts

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 579-589
Author(s):  
Vesna Stojković
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Case File ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Court Action ◽  
Audio Video ◽  
Illegal Evidence

The most important action of the criminal court is presentation of evidence and it may be undertaken during the whole criminal procedure. This was the main reason why this court action was placed in the part of the new Criminal Procedural Law of Montenegro related to general issues, instead of placing it in the part with investigation like in earlier solutions. The reasons for those changes as well as for repeal of some previous solutions/articles of the Criminal Procedural Law, in accordance with which some illegally presented evidences could have been used in the criminal procedure even for rendering the final court decision, were based on the fact that it was necessary to implement some solutions from modern criminal procedural law of the European countries as well as to implement relevant solutions from European Declaration on Human Rights, in order to improve human rights and to reach European human right standards. Therefore, all illegal evidence cannot be used anymore in rendering court decisions, have to be excluded from the case file and to be used never again under any circumstances. This paper pays special attention to the statement of the accused and technical records (audio-video) of criminal facts, which are the two most important sources of illegal evidence.

scholarly journals The Effects of the Criminal Law to Arbitration

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çetin Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Criminal Conviction ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
Illegal Evidence

While the arbitration, in essence, is a special law institution, there are various points it intersect with the criminal law. It is quite important to investigate the aforementioned probabilities that criminal law norms may affect the arbitration procedures and/or decisions and the probable consequences of these. In this respect, the feasibility of the use of the Criminal Procedure Law (i.e. criminal conviction, illegal evidence) in the Arbitration Law, the bindingness and the indirect effects of the decisions of the criminal court and the punitive responsibilities of the refrees are all some of the important issues that can be examined under this heading. The subjects mentioned in the paper will be evaluated from the perspective of Turkish Law theory and practice.

scholarly journals Sem critérios: a abertura oportunizada ao magistrado para a aceitação de prova ilicitamente derivada

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Paulo Soares Lopes da Silveira ◽  
Mariana Azambuja
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Legal Provision ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
American Legal System ◽  
Illegal Evidence

Sem critérios: a abertura oportunizada ao magistrado para a aceitação de prova ilicitamente derivadaNo criteria: the opening provided for the judge to accept illegally derived evidence  Antônio Paulo Soares Lopes da Silveira[1]Mariana Azambuja[2] RESUMO: O trabalho tem como proposta uma reflexão sobre o artigo 157 do Código de Processo Penal, a partir das reformas introduzidas pela Lei nº 11.690/2008, na parte em que regulou a matéria relativa a prova ilícita por derivação. O objetivo central da pesquisa foi realizar uma análise crítica à abertura que o novo texto do dispositivo legal oportunizou ao magistrado para interpretar a aceitação da prova ilicitamente derivada. Outra questão bastante analisada foi o esvaziamento do texto constitucional que veda a utilização da prova ilícita no processo, haja vista que ocorreu uma verdadeira relativização da previsão. A análise da teoria dos frutos da árvore envenenada, bem como dos institutos de relativização das provas ilícitas criados no ordenamento jurídico norte-americano foram abordados, pois é a partir de sua introdução no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, pela aludida reforma, que se consolidou a abertura para aceitação das provas ilícitas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Processo Penal. Provas ilícitas por derivação. Artigo 157. Frutos da árvore envenenada. ABSTRACT: The paper aims to reflect on the Article 157 of the Criminal Procedure Code, from the reforms introduced by Act No. 11,690 of 2008, to the extent that it regulated the matter concerning illegal evidence by derivation. The main objective of the research was to make a critical analysis of the opening that the new text of the legal provision provided for the judge to interpret the acceptance of illicitly derived evidence. Another issue fairly analyzed was the emptying of the constitution text, which prohibits the use of illegal evidence in the case, given that there was a real relativization of the provision. The analysis of the theory of the fruits of the poisonous tree, as well as the relativization institutes of illegal evidence created in the American legal system were addressed, because it is since its introduction into the Brazilian legal system, by the aforesaid reform, that the opening for acceptance of illegal evidence was consolidated. KEYWORDS: Criminal Procedure. Illegal evidence by derivation. Article 157. Fruits of the poisoned tree.[1] Mestre em Ciências Criminais pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS, 2016. Especialista em Ciências Criminais pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS, 2013 e Bacharel em Direito pelo Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis, 2012. Advogado.[2] Mestre em Ciências Criminais pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS, 2016. Especialista em Ciências Penais em 2014 e graduada em 2012 pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS.

Liability for Wrongful Deprivation of Liberty: Malice and Police Privilege

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-201
Author(s):  
Elspeth Reid
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Criminal Procedure

Infringement of liberty has long been regarded as a delict which requires to be compensated, but public officers may in some circumstances be protected against liability where freedom has been “lawfully abridged” in conformity with the rules of criminal procedure. However, the boundaries of this form of privilege have not always been delineated with clarity. This article will argue that they remain unclear following the Outer House decision in Whitehouse v Gormley. In particular it questions the basis for requiring the pursuer to prove malice where a claim is made against police officers for unlawful detention or arrest.

Legal Mechanism of Using Agent/s Undercover in Crime Detection of Organized Crime Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Atanas Brandev
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Joint Training ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
Laws And Regulations

AbstractUsed by undercover agents in detecting and documenting crimes committed by the so-called. ‘Organized crime groups’ is a relatively poorly used but extremely effective method. The latter is a combination of criminal procedure and special laws and regulations. The full use of undercover agents requires further enhancement of the legal safeguards for the protection of the employees in question, as well as a clear distinction between acts performed by the employees in question, whether or not in connection with their undercover activities, with or without the implementation of different composition of crime. Attention should be paid to the mechanisms for the selection and joint training of the latter, including through the exchange of experience of EU partner services.

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