Study of Glass and Glass-Making Processes at Wadi el-Natrun, Egypt in the Roman Period 30 B.C. to 359 A.D. Part 1. Fritting Crucibles, Their Technical Features and Temperature Employed

During archaeological research in the cremation cemetery in Żelazna Nowa, 106 glass and four faience artefacts were uncovered. Most of them were found in eleven cremation burials (1, 2, 19A, 33, 34, vicinity of 36, 37, 39, 44, 47, 54) dated between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD. The glass pieces are highly fragmented, melted, or fused with other elements of the pyre, with only one glass bead completely preserved (type 218c acc. to Tempelmann-Mączyńska). The faience objects have survived in better shape: these are two complete beads and two fragments, all representing type 171 (acc. to Tempelmann-Mączyńska). Chemical compositions of 12 glass pieces and one fragment of a faience bead were determined using EPMA analysis. All the analysed artefacts turned out to be sodium glasses, made using both mineral sodium (natron) and sodium from the ash of halophytic plants (one sample). Natron glasses represent three groups distinguished by varying contents of MgO and K2O. The differences in concentrations of these components indicate that sands from different deposits were added in the glass-making process. This corroborates a hypothesis positing multiple centres of glass production during the Roman Period.

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Objective Methods in the Research of Coinages of Byzantine Cherson and the Crimea

Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria ◽

10.37279/2413-189x.2021.26.424-446 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 424-446

Author(s):

Valery A. Sidorenko

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Scientific Method ◽

Roman Period ◽

The Crimea ◽

Special Value ◽

Ancient Times ◽

The One ◽

Technical Features

This paper considers the coin-die method of numismatic research, which, by A. N. Zograf’s definition, is an “objective scientific method.” The need to turn to this description is related to the fact that not all authors of publications are familiar with the principles of this method. The technical features of the use of mechanically connected pairs of dies in coinage, which became widespread in ancient times and were applied in the coinages of Bosporos and Chersonese (mediaeval Cherson) from the Roman Period on, are highlighted. The transition to the coin production not interconnected by dies under the Golden Horde creates more complex intersections of die connections in the method of research of coins. This paper publishes two folles of Justin II (565–578) of the mint of Constantinople produced by the same obverse die and reverse with different numeric marks (Г and Є) interpreted as the signs of the 3rd and 5th officinae. One can infer a special value of the fifth officina differing from those of the marks 1–4 to explain the appearance of its mark on the coins of Leo I and Verina of military issues in Cherson before the organization of its polis coinage. The study of the coins of mediaeval Cherson by die and analytical methods detects the continuity of issues from 549 on, allows the one to determine the coins of Justine II (565–578) and Tiberios II Constantine (578–582), Maurice Tiberios (582–602), Phokas (602–610), Herakleios (610–641) and Constans II (641–668). The end of the coinage of Cherson under the Emperor Constans II corresponded to the economic crisis described by Pope Martin in his letters, when he was exiled to that city in 655 as an avid opponent of the Monothelitism.

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A Further Note on Diamonds, Real and Imitation, in the Roman Period

The Journal of Gemmology ◽

10.15506/jog.1973.13.8.315 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 315-317

Author(s):

J. M. Ogden

Keyword(s):

Roman Period

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Iron Age and Roman Enclosed Settlement at Winchester Road, Basingstoke

Hampshire Studies ◽

10.24202/hs2019003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 36-97

Author(s):

Richard Massey ◽

Matt Nichol ◽

Dana Challinor ◽

Sharon Clough ◽

Matilda Holmes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

Roman Period ◽

Field Boundary ◽

Crop Processing ◽

Late Iron Age ◽

Middle Iron Age ◽

Grave Goods

Excavation in Area 1 identified an enclosed settlement of Middle–Late Iron Age and Early Roman date, which included a roundhouse gully and deep storage pits with complex fills. A group of undated four-post structures, situated in the east of Area 1, appeared to represent a specialised area of storage or crop processing of probable Middle Iron Age date. A sequence of re-cutting and reorganisation of ditches and boundaries in the Late Iron Age/Early Roman period was followed, possibly after a considerable hiatus, by a phase of later Roman activity, Late Iron Age reorganisation appeared to be associated with the abandonment of a roundhouse, and a number of structured pit deposits may also relate to this period of change. Seven Late Iron Age cremation burials were associated with a contemporary boundary ditch which crossed Area 1. Two partly-exposed, L-shaped ditches may represent a later Roman phase of enclosed settlement and a slight shift in settlement focus. An isolated inhumation burial within the northern margins of Area 1 was tentatively dated by grave goods to the Early Saxon period.<br/> Area 2 contained a possible trackway and field boundary ditches, of which one was of confirmed Late Iron Age/Early Roman date. A short posthole alignment in Area 2 was undated, and may be an earlier prehistoric feature.

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Determinants Considered by Consumers for Brand Selection - with Reference to Laptops in Albania

Creative and Knowledge Society ◽

10.2478/cks-2014-0008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Margret Plloçi ◽

Macit Koc

Keyword(s):

Primary Data ◽

Battery Life ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Light Weight ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Technical Features ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City ◽

Different Sources ◽

Core Features

Abstract Purpose of the article There is relatively a big number of brands in the market of laptops nowadays in Albania. It appears that the number of brands offered in this market could easily be compared to the number of brands in Europe and even broader. The purpose of this study is to help Albanian vendors understand the criteria that consumers take into consideration when they make the decision to purchase a laptop. Methodology/methods The research is based on the collection and the analyses of the primary data collected through interviews to people like managers or employees who work in the sector of trading laptops or in businesses like education where laptops are broadly used recently; then a survey is done through a questionnaire delivered to customers who already own and use a laptop and customers who are potential buyers of laptops. Scientific aim The aim of the research is to identify if there are any relationships between the demographics of the consumers and the criteria of buying a laptop; on the other hand, to find out how is the relationship between the demographics and the features of different brands. Findings The study found out that Albanian consumers have good knowledge of laptops and their brands, and they use different sources of information for making their decisions in buying a laptop; it is found that there are relationships between some demographics like age or gender and the appraisal for some attributes of the laptops like price, design and high graphics card; it is also found that some technical features and other attributes of using laptops are some of the determinants that influence the laptops’ purchases. Conclusions It is realized that one of the most important demographics of the consumers is their age. Some core features like RAM, ROM, battery life, processor quality, light weight or attributes that are connected to the purposes of using the laptop computers like practicality and mobility in using them, work and studying processes, quick access to the internet are determinant factors which influence the decision making process of purchasing a laptop. I would recommend that future researches be focused also on the relationship between the customers’ income and their preferred brand or ranking brands according to the customers’ preferences. Such studies should also extend outside the city of Tirana.

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The Internet is a Semicommons

10.31228/osf.io/znhdx ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James Grimmelmann

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Online Communities ◽

Strategic Behavior ◽

Private Property ◽

The Internet ◽

Field System ◽

Technical Features ◽

Dynamic Interplay ◽

Enormous Success

78 Fordham Law Review 2799 (2010)The Internet is a semicommons. Private property in servers and network links coexists with a shared communications platform. This distinctive combination both explains the Internet's enormous success and illustrates some of its recurring problems.Building on Henry Smith's theory of the semicommons in the medieval open-field system, this essay explains how the dynamic interplay between private and common uses on the Internet enables it to facilitate worldwide sharing and collaboration without collapsing under the strain of misuse. It shows that key technical features of the Internet, such as its layering of protocols and the Web's division into distinct "sites," respond to the characteristic threats of strategic behavior in a semicommons. An extended case study of the Usenet distributed messaging system shows that not all semicommons on the Internet succeed; the continued success of the Internet depends on our ability to create strong online communities that can manage and defend the infrastructure on which they rely. Private and common both have essential roles to play in that task, a lesson recognized in David Post's and Jonathan Zittrain's recent books on the Internet.

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Architecture of the Official Spaces of Selected Residences in Nea Paphos, Cyprus

10.31338/0082-044x.swiatowit.58.6 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 87-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleksandra Brzozowska-Jawornicka

Keyword(s):

Social Status ◽

Roman Period ◽

The Social ◽

Public Areas ◽

Special Arrangement

This paper deals with public areas in ancient residences. These zones, emphasising the social status of the owners of the houses, are analysed in several large residences erected in the Graeco-Roman Period in Nea Paphos, Cyprus: the ‘Hellenistic’ House, the Villa of Theseus, and the House of Aion. Particularly, the special arrangement of the layout and the architectural decoration of three major public zones were studied: the entrance, the main courtyard, and the main room.

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New evidence of metallurgical production during the Ptolemaic period in the ancient harbor of Berenike (Eastern Desert) in Egypt

10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.07 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Joan Oller Guzmán

Keyword(s):

Eastern Desert ◽

Roman Period ◽

Special Focus ◽

Hellenistic Period ◽

Metallurgical Furnace ◽

Metallurgical Production ◽

First Results ◽

Southwestern Area ◽

Productive Structure ◽

New Evidence

This paper tries to explain the first results obtained on trench 102, located on the southwestern area of the ancient harbour of Berenike. Chronologically the trench runs from the Late Hellenistic to Roman Period, showing different uses of this area during Antiquity. Some of the data recovered are quite interesting in order to understand the evolution of this scarcely known area of Berenike’s harbor. The identification of a metallurgical furnace related to the Late Hellenistic Period is especially remarkable, as it provides some insights about the structure of this zone under the last Ptolemaic rulers. So, the main objective of the paper is to offer new data about the productive structure of this site during the Ptolemaic period with special focus on the metallurgical production.

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AMPCOLOY 570

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.cu0392 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Cast Iron ◽

Iron Alloy ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Nickel Aluminum ◽

High Quality ◽

Glass Making ◽

Temperature Performance ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cobalt Iron

Abstract AMPCOLOY 570 is a cast copper-nickel-aluminum-cobalt-iron alloy specially developed for applications involving severe stresses and high temperatures, such as glass-making molds and plate-glass rolls. It is significantly superior to cast iron which has been commonly used for glass-making molds. Good foundry techniques will yield high-quality castings of Ampcoloy 570 in a wide range of section sizes. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-392. Producer or source: Ampco Metal Inc..

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