Microbiological Analysis of the Early Salmonella enteritidis Infection in Molted and Unmolted Hens

SummaryFollowing a buffet meal served to six guests at a private domestic function, five of the guests and the host developed symptoms of food poisoning. Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 (PT4) was isolated from all four individuals who submitted faecal samples for investigation. Leftover samples of a savoury rice dish consumed by all six ill persons contained 6×103/gm Salmonella enteritidis PT4. The rice salad comprised boiled rice, raw carrots, eggs, cheese and curry powder. The curry powder and remainder of the pack of six eggs were negative on microbiological analysis. The rice dish had been prepared by heating in a 500 W microwave oven with a rotating turntable on full power for 5 min. Although the hazards of inadequate microwave cooking are well recognized, this is only the second outbreak of food poisoning from microwave cooking to be reported.

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Defined and undefined commercial probiotics cultures in the prevention of Salmonella Enteritidis in broilers

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-4860 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 271-276

Author(s):

Erich H. Carvalho ◽

Angélica S. Mendes ◽

Sabrina E. Takahashi ◽

Rosângela A.B. Assumpção ◽

Douglas V. Bonamigo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Culture Liquid ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Liquid Form ◽

Probable Number ◽

Selective Enrichment ◽

Enrichment Technique ◽

Defined Culture

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics from different formations, defined and undefined cultures, applied in the control of Salmonella Enteritidis in broilers, identifying the compositions and states for which the probiotics are more effective. For that, 390 broilers were inoculated orally with 1.00 ml of Salmonella Enteritidis at a concentration of 1.2x109 CFU (Colony Forming Units). The experimental design used was randomized blocks with 5 treatments and 6 replications, totaling 30 boxes with 13 birds/box (13 birds/m2). The treatments were provided via drinking water 1 hour after inoculation, keeping a daily treatment of 12 hours with probiotics, for 3 consecutive days (birds at 1, 2 and 3 days of age). In general, the five treatments conducted were: T1 - Control without probiotic, T2 - Probiotic A (defined culture - lyophilized form, strain 7), T3 - Probiotic B (defined culture - lyophilized form, strain 11), T4 - Probiotic C (undefined culture liquid form), T5 - Probiotic D (undefined culture - liquid form). After treatments, performance was evaluated through average body weight, feed conversion and mortality counting. Microbiological analysis and Salmonella isolation were performed using MPN (Most Probable Number) and selective enrichment technique methods, respectively. Samples of ileum and liver pool, cecal tonsils, cecum, heart and spleen pool were collected at 5 and 31 days of age. No differences were observed on growth performance and isolation of Salmonella Enteritidis (p≥0.05). All probiotics applied were effective on reducing Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in the ileum, cecal tonsils, and cecum at 5 days of life. Probiotics T2 and T5 has shown effectiveness in reducing colonization at 31 days, being considered the most efficient on Salmonella Enteritidis control, for the intestines segments evaluated. It was not possible to affirm which probiotics formation, defined or undefined, is more efficient for Salmonella Enteritidis control.

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Microbiological Analysis and Identification of Pathogenic Microorganisms on Currency Notes (Congolese Francs) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2020/v20i930278 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 16-30

Author(s):

Jeff Bekomo Iteku ◽

Donel Moswala Likabo ◽

Aaron Lelo Pambu ◽

Gédéon Ngiala Bongo ◽

Ruth Katunda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽

Contamination Rate ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Currency Note ◽

Republic Of The Congo ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Aims: The incidence of infectious diseases is still a vital concern in developing countries. Recently, hygienists have focused on the risk of transmitted diseases through currency notes. This study aims at the determination of potential pathogenic microorganisms found on the Congolese Francs currency notes circulating in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Place and Duration of the Study: This study was carried out in Kinshasa city, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between September 3 and 29, 2019 at the Bacteriology Laboratory of the National Institute for Biomedical Research. Methods: During this study, 36 currency notes of different denominations have been used for microbiological analysis. Currency notes were collected from vendors of the Central market and currency note dealers at Kintambo Magasin market in Kinshasa. The identification of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) was performed using gram staining and biochemical analyses. Results: The findings reveal the presence of following microorganisms, namely Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Serratia spp, Citrobacter spp, Salmonella enteritidis as well as molds on the Congolese currency notes. It should be observed that circulated currency notes in Kinshasa are contaminated by bacteria and fungi. The contamination rate was based on the fact, that money is new, clean or dirty. Conclusion: Congolese currency notes constitute the potential sources of infectious disease transmission if hygienic conditions are not respected. Molecular studies are required in order to determine the antibiotic resistance gene of these microorganisms. As the population does not know how to store these notes properly, their contamination would eventually become a major public health hazard. Therefore, a need of an awareness of the population in order to apply hygienic rules while handling currency notes. This is for the first time that such a study is being carried out in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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Cheesecake: A Potential Vehicle for Salmonellosis?

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-62.1.26 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 26-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Y.-Y. HAO ◽

A. J. SCOUTEN ◽

R. E. BRACKETT

Keyword(s):

Water Activity ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

High Population ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Potential Hazard ◽

Direct Plating ◽

Reduced Fat

This study was conducted to investigate the potential hazard of Salmonella Enteritidis surviving during the preparation and baking of cheesecake. Batters prepared with standard- and reduced-fat ingredients were inoculated with a 5-strain cocktail of S. Enteritidis (10 and 106 CFU/g) and were then baked according to a typical cheesecake recipe. After baking, the cheese-cakes were refrigerated overnight before the survival of S. Enteritidis was determined either by direct plating or after enrichment. Samples (approximately 25 g each) were aseptically cut from the center, mid (6.35 cm from edge), and side (2.54 cm from edge) area of each cake for microbiological analysis. Proximate compositions (fat, moisture, protein, ash, pH, and water activity) of both raw batter and final baked cheesecakes were also determined. S. Enteritidis was able to survive baking of cheesecake when batter was inoculated with a high population (106 CFU/g) of S. Enteritidis regardless of whether standard-or reduced-fat ingredients were used. Three of nine standard- and four of nine reduced-fat cheesecake samples contained viable S. Enteritidis. In addition, one sample contained viable S. Enteritidis population detectable by direct plating (approximately 10 CFU per g of cake). This sample was taken from the center of a standard-fat cheesecake that was inoculated with a high population (106 CFU/g) of S. Enteritidis. Results of this study suggest that cheesecake prepared with eggs of low microbiological quality or cheesecake improperly handled or stored could serve as a vehicle for salmonellosis.

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Evaluation of Three Sampling Methods for the Microbiological Analysis of Broiler Carcasses after Immersion Chilling

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 76 (8) ◽

pp. 1330-1335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

AUDECIR GIOMBELLI ◽

RICARDO CAVANI ◽

MARIA BEATRIZ ABREU GLORIA

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

The United States ◽

Viable Count ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Total Viable Count ◽

The European Union ◽

Indicator Microorganisms ◽

The Eu

Countries have different official programs and implement different sampling methods for the detection of Salmonella on poultry carcasses. In Brazil, a 25-g sample of skin and muscle excision (SME) from the wings, neck, and pericloacal parts is used; in the European Union (EU), a 25-g sample of neck skin (NSE) is used; and, in the United States, the whole carcass is rinsed with 400 ml of diluent (WCR). In the present study, these methods were evaluated to compare Salmonella occurrence and counts of hygiene indicator microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and total viable count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria) using different carcasses from the same flock and also using different analytical units taken from the same carcass. Eighty flocks, with four broiler carcasses from each, were included in this study; three broilers were sampled according to protocols from Brazil, the EU, and the United States, and the last one by all three methods. SME, NSE, and WCR provided equivalent results (P > 0.05) for Salmonella detection on broiler carcasses when using different carcasses from the same flock and when using the same carcass. The predominant serovar was Salmonella Enteritidis. For the enumeration of hygiene indicator microorganisms, WRC provided higher counts than SME or NSE (P < 0.05), when using both the same or different carcasses. Therefore, it is possible to directly compare Salmonella results in poultry carcasses when using the methods recommended by the legislative bodies of Brazil, the United States, and the EU. However, WCR provides the best results for hygiene indicator microorganisms.

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Microbiological Analysis of Ice-cream Sold in Kathmandu Valley

Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal ◽

10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10615 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 90-92

Author(s):

Krishtina Thapa ◽

Sonu Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Ice Cream ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Shigella Boydii ◽

Different Types ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Klebsiella Spp

Different types of ice cream samples were collected from three different local vendors of Kathmandu (i.e. Samakhusi, Jawalakhel and Chabahil) for the microbial examination. Study explored that the ice cream samples from Chabahil showed the presence of highest number of mesophilic microorganisms with an average of 2.16×107 CFU/ml and 27.4 CFU/100ml of Coliform followed by samples collected from Jawalakhel and Samakhusi. The samples have been found to be contaminated with Coliforms (Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp.), Salmonella (Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella enteritidis), Shigella (Shigella boydii, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Shigella dysenteriae) and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings indicated that not only the unhygienic practices of handling by the vendors but also the carelessness of manufacturers during processing of ice creams. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10615 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (90-92), 2012

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Effectiveness of Trisodium Phosphate Treatment against Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria on Poultry during Refrigerated Storage

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-68.4.866 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 866-869 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ELENA del RÍO ◽

CARLOS ALONSO-CALLEJA ◽

ROSA CAPITA

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Trisodium Phosphate ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Refrigerated Storage ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Spoilage Bacteria ◽

Brochothrix Thermosphacta ◽

Phosphate Treatment ◽

Sampling Times

To determine the efficacy of trisodium phosphate (TSP) against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria on poultry and to assess the influence of the bacterial combination of inoculum on TSP effect, chicken legs were coinoculated with similar concentrations of a pathogenic (Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis or Listeria monocytogenes) and a spoilage (Pseudomonas fluorescens or Brochothrix thermosphacta) bacteria. Samples were dipped in TSP (12%, 15 min) or were not treated (control). Microbiological analysis and pH determinations were carried out at 0, 1, 3, and 5 days of storage (3°C). Significant bacterial reductions (marked in gram-negative species) were observed on TSP-treated samples throughout refrigerated storage. Inoculum composition scarcely influenced the TSP effect against gram-positive bacteria. However, greater reductions were observed on gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella Enteritidis and P. fluorescens) when samples were coinoculated with B. thermosphacta and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Values of pH were higher in TSP-treated than in control samples at all sampling times. The combination of bacteria in inocula did not have a significant influence on pH values.

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Activation of isolated heterophils from chicks stimulated in vivo with salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100166269 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 760-761

Author(s):

R. B. Moyes ◽

R. E. Droleskey ◽

M. H. Kogut ◽

J. R. DeLoach

Keyword(s):

Lamina Propria ◽

Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Subclinical Infection ◽

Egg Products ◽

Immune Lymphokines ◽

Organ Invasion

Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is of great concern to the poultry industry due to the organism's ability to penetrate the intestinal mucosa of the laying hen and subsequently colonize the ovaries and yolk membrane. The resultant subclinical infection can lead to SE infection of raw eggs and egg products. Interference with the ability of the organism to invade has been linked to the activation and recruitment of inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells, heterophils, to the lamina propria of the intestinal tract.Recently it has been established that heterophil activation and increased resistance to SE organ invasion can be accomplished by the administration of SE-immune lymphokines (SE-ILK) obtained from supernatants of concanavalin-A stimulated SE immune T lymphocytes from SE hyperimmunized hens. Invasion of SE into the lamina propria provides a secondary signal for directing activated heterophils to the site of SE invasion.

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