VirtualEye: Android Application for the Visually Impaired

In India, almost 18 million visually impaired people have difficulties in managing their day-to-day activities. Hence, there is a need to develop an application that can assist them every time and give vocal instructions in both English and Hindi. In this paper, we introduced a robust lightweight Android application that facilitates visually impaired individuals by providing a variety of essential features such as object and distance detection, Indian currency note detection, and optical character recognition that can enhance their quality of life. This application aims to have a user-friendly GUI well suited to the needs of the blind user and modules like Object Recognition with Image Captioning so that the visually challenged user can gain a better understanding of their surroundings.

Indian Currency Denomination Recognition and Fake Currency Identification

Visually impaired and senior citizens find it difficult to identify different banknotes, driving the need for an automated system to recognize currency notes. This study proposes recognizing Indian currency notes of various denominations using Deep Learning through the CNN model. While not recognizing currency notes is one issue, identifying fake notes is another major issue. Currency counterfeiting is the illegal imitation of currency to deceive its recipient. The current existing methodologies for identifying a phony note rely on hardware. A method completely devoid of hardware that relies on specific security features to help distinguish a legitimate currency note from an illegitimate one is much needed. These features are extracted using the boundary box region of interest (ROI) and Canny Edge detection in OpenCV implemented in Python, and the multi scale template matching algorithm is applied to match the security features and differentiate fake notes from legitimate notes.

Study of Antibacterial effects on Indian Currency

Indian currency is the official currency of India. With the advancement of science and technology several modes of cashless transaction have been introduced to our country but still a large section of our society is dependent on the transaction through currency notes. The composition of the Indian currency generally comprises of cotton rags, balsam and parts of silk for the purpose of security threads. These currency notes are a hidden threat to us as they transmit bacteria, virus and fungus through touch and gets transmitted from one person to another. An Indian note changes hands in an average of 500 times a day therefore increasing the chances of contaminating the currency getting high and the transmission of harmful diseases through this currency also increases. When these highly contaminated Indian currencies comes in contact with the human touch it results in the transmission of harmful bacteria into the humans therefore causing several bacteria prone diseases such as food poisoning diarrhoea Gonorrhoea, meningitis, ulcers, and several other diseases. Therefore, it is important to make the Indian currency antibacterial. The main focus of the study is to develop an antibacterial chemical agent which comprises of certain natural as well as chemical components as a solution which will be used to activate the antibacterial properties of the natural fibres present in the currency. Several investigations were carried out on how the natural ingredients that is of lemon extracts, industrial vinegar and ginger extract would act on the surface of the currency notes. Bleach was used to chlorinate the note as the fibroin fibres gets activated of the silk thread when chlorine treatment is done and it kills about 99.9% of the bacteria including E. coli and S. aureus. The application of the natural extracts on the surface of the currency showed specific changes as it was instantly more clear than previous condition. The acidic and the antibacterial properties of the natural ingredients used, makes the currency note bacteria free as well as dirt free for a certain period of time which is a notifiable change. The treated currency were seen to be preventing the growth of bacteria for a certain period of time because of the activation of antibacterial properties of silk fibres due to the application of chlorine on silk and also the application of natural ingredients therefore preventing the growth of bacteria by persisting on the outer surface of the currency.

Indian Currency Detection Using KNN Classifier

Fake Currency Detection is the biggest problem faced by many countries including India. The advancement of colour printing technology has increased the rate of fake currency note printing and duplicating the notes on a very large scale. So, it has become a necessity to develop a tool that detects the fake currency note in a less time and in a more efficient manner using Image processing.

A Survey on Automatic Recognition of Fake Indian Currency Note

The Currency Recognition System was developed for the purpose of fraud detection in paper currency, so this system is u sed worldwide. The uses of this framework can be recognized in banking frameworks, cash observing gadgets, cash trade frameworks. This paper proposes an automatic paper currency recognition system through an application developed using Machine learning Algorithms. The algorithm implemented is simple, robust and efficient.

Detection of Counterfeit Indian Currency

Lot of the fake currency note is being printed in recent years which has caused great loss and damage to society. So, it has become necessary to develop a tool to detect fake currency. This project proposes an approach that will detect fake currency notes being circulated by using their image. Our project will provide required portability and compatibility to most peoples as well as feasible accuracy for fake currency detection. The paper is about Fake Indian Paper Currency using image processing implemented in Android Studio to make the app portable and efficient. Features of currency notes like color, height, width, ratio, watermarks were extracted. The process starts from capturing or browsing the image of a currency note and then compare its features with the real note and check whether it is fake or original.

Bacterial contamination of Nigerian currency notes: A comparative analysis of different denominations recovered from local food vendors

Microbial transmission, on the surface of any currency note, can either be through direct (hand-to-hand contact) or indirect (food or other inanimate objects) means. To ascertain the degree of bacterial load enumerated during the handling of money and food items, particularly on currency note by denominations, should be of public health importance. Despite the available literature regarding microbial contamination of Nigerian currency notes, there is still paucity of information about how microbial contamination/load differ across the denominations specific to different food vendors. In this context, therefore, the current study investigated bacterial contamination of Nigerian currency notes via a comparative study of different denominations (₦1,000, ₦500, ₦200, ₦100, ₦50, ₦20, and 10, and ₦5) recovered from local food vendors. Specifically, the different food handlers/vendors included fruit, meat, vegetable, fish, and grain/cereal sellers. All emergent data from 8 × 5 factorial design of experiment were of duplicate measurements. To consider the currency denominations and food vendor type, a one-factor-at-a-time analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted. Results showed that about 81.7% of currency notes were contaminated with either Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. or Staphylococcus spp. in varying degrees. The higher denominations of ₦500, ₦200, and ₦100 note, with the exception of ₦1,000 note, recorded increased degree of contamination over the lower denominations of ₦50, ₦20, ₦10, and ₦5 note. Based on the total viable count (TVC), the ₦100 currency note appeared the most contaminated (1.32 × 105 cfu/ml) whereas ₦5 note appeared the least contaminated (1.46 × 104 cfu/ml). The frequency of isolated bacteria on currency notes from vegetable, meat, and fish sellers were significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to other food vendors. The degree of bacterial contamination of the current work appears chiefly dependent on the food vendor type and currency denomination(s). This work calls for increased awareness and education among food vendors and ready-to-eat food sellers. Doing this would help mitigate the possible cross-contamination between currency notes and foodstuff. Through this, consumers would know more about the potential health risks such simultaneous activities (of handling currency notes and foodstuff) do pose on food safety.