Induction of Humoral Immune Response and Protective Immunity in Chickens against Salmonella enteritidis after a Single Dose of Killed Bacterium-Loaded Microspheres

At present, concerns that the recent global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants could compromise the current vaccines have been raised, highlighting the urgent demand for new vaccines capable of eliciting T cell-mediated immune responses, as well as B cell-mediated neutralizing antibody production. In this study, we developed a novel recombinant Mycobacterium paragordonae expressing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) (rMpg-RBD-7) that is capable of eliciting RBD-specific immune responses in vaccinated mice. The potential use of rMpg-RBD-7 as a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 infections was evaluated in in vivo using mouse models of two different modules, one for single-dose vaccination and the other for two-dose vaccination. In a single-dose vaccination model, we found that rMpg-RBD-7 versus a heat-killed strain could exert an enhanced cell-mediated immune (CMI) response, as well as a humoral immune response capable of neutralizing the RBD and ACE2 interaction. In a two-dose vaccination model, rMpg-RBD-7 in a two-dose vaccination could also exert a stronger CMI and humoral immune response to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infections in pseudoviral or live virus infection systems, compared to single dose vaccinations of rMpg-RBD or two-dose RBD protein immunization. In conclusion, our data showed that rMpg-RBD-7 can lead to an enhanced CMI response and humoral immune responses in mice vaccinated with both single- or two-dose vaccination, highlighting its feasibility as a novel vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in which mycobacteria is used as a delivery system for a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

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Humoral immune response of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis sonicated antigens in rabbits

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v36i0e.385 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (0E) ◽

pp. 84-88

Author(s):

Ekram A. Al-Samarrae

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

The Third ◽

Infected Goat

Salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis were isolated from infected goat andprepared an antigens of whole cell sonicated antigen of S.typhimurium(WCS.Ag.S.typhimurium ),whole cell sonicated antigen of S.enteritidis (WCS.Ag.S.entertidis) and combination of whole cell sonicated antigen (Salmonella typhimurium andSalmonella enteritidis) (CWS.Ag) . Their efficacy was evaluated by using tube agglutinationtest and enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Twenty rabbits were randomlydivided into four groups; the 1st group was immunized by WCS. Ag - Salmonella enteritidis,2nd group immunized by (WCS Ags .typhimurium), 3rd group immunized by CWCS.Agcompound and 4th left as control group which injected by physiological buffer saline (pH7.2). The antibody titer was increased in after the day 12, first, second and third months ofimmunization by agglutination test. IgG concentration was done by ELISA at the same time;which were recorded a higher significant differences (p˂ 0.01) at the first month in the groupimmunized by CWS Ag (449.65 ±38.6 1ng/ml IgG and 952± 20.85 antibodies titer )compared with other immunized groups ( WCS – Ag – S. enteritidis andWCS.Ag.S.typhimurium ). Also, the IgG concentration and antibodies titer are still higher inthe second and the third months in the immunized group by CWCS.Ag. 218.90± 6.69ng/ml,528± 68.58 and 89.55± 2.63ng/ml, 280± 49.98 respectively with significant differences (p˂0.01) compared with the immunized groups (WCS.Ag.S. entertidis and WCS. Ag.S.typhimurium) and also, they are significant (p˂ 0.01) when compared with the control groupResearch

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Humoral immune response in calves to single-dose, trickle and challenge infections with Fasciola hepatica

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/s0304-4017(99)00177-6 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 87 (2-3) ◽

pp. 103-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Kristine Bossaert ◽

Fredéric Farnir ◽

Thierry Leclipteux ◽

Michel Protz ◽

Jean-François Lonneux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Single Dose ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Humoral Immune

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Humoral immune response in breeding hens and protective immunity provided by administration of purified Salmonella Gallinarum porins

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.2009-00448 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 495-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G. Gómez-Verduzco ◽

G. Téllez ◽

A.L. Quintana ◽

A. Isibasi ◽

V. Ortiz-Navarrete

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Protective Immunity ◽

Salmonella Gallinarum ◽

Humoral Immune

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Vaccine Breakthrough Infections by SARS-CoV-2 Variants after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines10010054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Pratibha Kale ◽

Ekta Gupta ◽

Chhagan Bihari ◽

Niharika Patel ◽

Sheetalnath Rooge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Single Dose ◽

Whole Genome Sequencing ◽

Genome Sequencing ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Humoral Immune

This study elucidated the clinical, humoral immune response and genomic analysis of vaccine breakthrough (VBT) infections after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/Covishield vaccine in healthcare workers (HCWs). Amongst 1858 HCWs, 1639 had received either two doses (1346) or a single dose (293) of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies were measured in the vaccinated group and the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection was monitored.Forty-six RT-PCR positive samples from the 203 positive samples were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). Of the 203 (10.92%) infected HCWs, 21.46% (47/219) were non-vaccinated, which was significantly more than 9.52% (156/1639) who were vaccinated and infection was higher in doctors and nurses. Unvaccinated HCWs had 1.57 times higher risk compared to partially vaccinated HCWs and 2.49 times higher risk than those who were fully vaccinated.The partially vaccinated were at higher risk than the fully vaccinated (RR 1.58). Antibody non-response was seen in 3.44% (4/116), low antibody levels in 15.51% (18/116) and medium levels were found in 81.03% (94/116). Fully vaccinated HCWs had a higher antibody response at day 42 than those who were partially vaccinated (8.96 + 4.00 vs. 7.17 + 3.82). Whole genome sequencing of 46 samples revealed that the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was predominant (69.5%). HCWs who had received two doses of vaccine showed better protection from mild, moderate, or severe infection, with a higher humoral immune response than those who had received a single dose. The genomic analysis revealed the predominance of the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) in the VBT infections.

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Collaboration between the Fab and Fc contribute to maximal protection against SARS-CoV-2 following NVX-CoV2373 subunit vaccine with Matrix-M™ vaccination

10.21203/rs.3.rs-200342/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Galit Alter ◽

Matthew Gorman ◽

Nita Patel ◽

Mimi Guebre-Xabier ◽

Alex Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Single Dose ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Protective Immunity ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Subunit Vaccine ◽

Antigen Dose ◽

Effector Functions ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Dose Levels

Abstract Recently approved vaccines have already shown remarkable protection in limiting SARS-CoV-2 associated disease. However, immunologic mechanism(s) of protection, as well as how boosting alters immunity to wildtype and newly emerging strains, remain incompletely understood. Here we deeply profiled the humoral immune response in a cohort of non-human primates immunized with a stable recombinant full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein (NVX-CoV2373) at two dose levels, administered as a single or two-dose regimen with a saponin-based adjuvant Matrix-M™. While antigen dose had some effect on Fc-effector profiles, both antigen dose and boosting significantly altered overall titers, neutralization and Fc-effector profiles, driving unique vaccine-induced antibody fingerprints. Combined differences in antibody effector functions and neutralization were strongly associated with distinct levels of protection in the upper and lower respiratory tract, pointing to the presence of combined, but distinct, compartment-specific neutralization and Fc-mechanisms as key determinants of protective immunity against infection. Moreover, NVX-CoV2373 elicited antibodies functionally target emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, collectively pointing to the critical collaborative role for Fab and Fc in driving maximal protection against SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, the data presented here suggest that a single dose may prevent disease, but that two doses may be essential to block further transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants.

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Novel protein targets of the humoral immune response to Listeria monocytogenes infection in rabbits

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.46977-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 888-895 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Wei Ling Yu ◽

Hanhong Dan ◽

Min Lin

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Protective Immunity ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Protein Targets ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Humoral Immune Responses

The role of the humoral immune response in protective immunity against listerial infection has been overlooked and is essentially unknown. This study aimed to discover the protein targets of Listeria monocytogenes that elicit an antibody response following infection in a rabbit model. A genomic expression library for L. monocytogenes was constructed and differentially screened to identify genes encoding proteins that reacted with antiserum from rabbits infected with live L. monocytogenes serotype 4b (RαL), but not with that from animals immunized with heat-killed bacteria (RαK). Thirty-one clones expressing proteins that reacted exclusively with RαL were identified and sequenced. Sequence analysis, together with Western blot analysis of the proteins expressed from positive clones, led to the identification of eight L. monocytogenes proteins as targets of humoral immune responses during listerial infection: three internalin members (InlA, InlD and InlC2) and five novel proteins of unknown function (designated IspA, IspB, IspC, IspD and IspE, respectively). Exhibition of humoral immune responses to these proteins in actively infected rabbits but not in animals receiving heat-killed L. monocytogenes suggested that they were induced or significantly upregulated in vivo during infection and thus are important in Listeria pathogenesis. With the exception of antibodies to InlA, this is the first demonstration of antibodies to the other seven proteins in infected hosts. These immunogenic proteins may be useful candidates for elucidation of the role of antibodies in protective immunity in the context of listerial infection, as well as potential targets for serodiagnostic reagents and vaccine and drug development.

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Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Modulation of the Humoral Immune Response against Mucosally AppliedStreptococcus mutans

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.68.4.1796-1805.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 1796-1805 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

L. Jeannine Brady ◽

Marloes L. J. A. van Tilburg ◽

Connie E. Alford ◽

William P. McArthur

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Protective Immunity ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Immunomodulatory Activity ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Streptococcal Antigen ◽

Major Surface ◽

Immunodominant Epitopes

ABSTRACT Systemic immunization with antigen coupled to monoclonal antibody (MAb) has been used by several investigators to increase the number of MAb-producing hybridomas against an antigen and to elicit antibodies specific for poorly immunogenic epitopes. This strategy has implications for vaccine design in that protective immunity is not necessarily directed at immunodominant epitopes of pathogens and may be improved by deliberately shifting the immune response toward subdominant epitopes. To our knowledge, no studies to date have addressed the potential for immunomodulatory activity mediated by MAbs bound to mucosally applied antigen. To test whether administration of an exogenous MAb directed against a streptococcal surface protein could influence the humoral immune response, BALB/c mice were immunized orally by gastric intubation or intranasally with Streptococcus mutans alone or S. mutans complexed with a MAb directed against the major surface protein P1. Significant changes in the subclass distribution, as well as the specificity, of anti-P1 serum immunoglobulin G antibodies were demonstrated in groups of mice which received S. mutans coated with the anti-P1 MAb versus those which received S. mutans alone. Alterations in the humoral immune response were dependent on the amount of anti-P1 MAb used to coat the bacteria. In addition, differences in the anti-P1 immune responses were observed between groups of mice immunized via oral versus intranasal routes. In summary, an exogenous MAb complexed with a streptococcal antigen prior to mucosal immunization can influence the immunoglobulin isotype and specificity of the host humoral immune response against the antigen.

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