Public Opinion and the Future of U.S.-Panama Relations

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando J. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
System Support ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
Military Presence

Using survey data and interviews, this study examines Panamanian attitudes toward the United States and toward the central issues in US.- Panama relations. It also compares Panamanian attitudes with opinions toward the United States in the rest of Central America. The study finds that nationalism, system support, anticommunism, and, for the mass public, ideology are the most important variables in determining support for the United States. Elites are more nationalistic and less accommodationist toward the United States than the mass public. Concern about the politicization and misuse of the Panama Canal and adjacent lands has led many in the general public to support a continued US. military presence on the Isthmus of Panama.

Diplomacy of the Quarter Deck

1914 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colby M. Chester
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Naval Officers ◽  
National Defence ◽  
Different Parts

The building of the Panama Canal has not been a one man’s work by any means. In its inception the preparation of the field, the elimination of impossible routes, and in the actual construction work, it has drawn forth some of the best brains of the country.Noted engineers from civil life have had an important influence in determining the locality best suited for the purpose, and also in the plans adopted for building the canal; and the names of these men will go down in history as a part of its constructive force. But as the principal object of building the canal was to augment means for the national defence, it was eminently proper that the Army and Navy of the United States should have paramount influence in its establishment. For nearly forty years naval men have been engaged in surveying different parts of Central America and the Isthmus of Panama to find a practical route which should offer the fewest obstacles in cutting a channel between the two oceans. Finally, by a process of elimination, which brought the problem to a choice between the Nicaragua and Panama routes, the construction of a canal was actually begun by an American company on the Nicaragua line, and the work of construction put in the charge of naval officers.

The Panama Canal in Time of Peace

1940 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-637
Author(s):  
Norman J. Padelford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Canal Zone ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Interoceanic Canal

The rights secured by the United States through the conclusion of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty and the Hay-Varilla Convention afforded the United States legal bases upon which to embark upon the excavation, construction, operation and protection of an interoceanic canal in the Isthmus of Panama. They formed a foundation for the erection of a vast edifice of powers and jurisdiction over the Panama Canal, the Canal Zone, and over vessels and persons in and about the Canal.

The Decline of US Military Influence in Latin America

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Samuel Fitch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Military Relations

The US military presence in Latin America has declined significantly over the last two decades, particularly in the major countries of the region. Despite the determined efforts of the Reagan administration to reverse that trend, with few exceptions the present ability of the United States to influence the Latin American militaries is far removed from the dominant role it played in the 1950s and 1960s. Given the pressures in Washington for further cuts in military aid programs, the trend toward declining US influence and increasingly divergent US-Latin American military interests is likely to continue in the 1990s. Although the United States will continue to be a major force in the region, the primary instruments of US influence are likely to be economic, rather than military-to-military relations.

scholarly journals The Iranian-American competition in Iraq: the political defeat of the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Nikolay Bobkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Advantage ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

The article gives an assessment of Iran's policy in neighboring Iraq during the years of the American occupation. The author's scientific hypothesis is that after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, Iran, and not America, became the real beneficiary of the overthrow of Saddam Hussein. The Iranian leadership, interested in changing the Baathist regime in Baghdad, having received such a strategic gift, did everything to use the US military presence to its advantage. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategy of expanding Iran's influence in Iraq and its impact on US policy. The article shows that the nature of Iran's influence in Iraq included all the elements of state power: diplomatic, informational, military and economic. It is concluded that Tehran managed to take advantage of the democratic reforms in Iraq, which were carried out under the control of Washington. Iran used its Shiite henchmen, which gave it a political advantage over the United States, which did not have such influential allied forces in Iraq. Despite the disparate balance of military forces with America, Iran managed to avoid the risk of war with the United States and move on to achieving its long-term goals in Iraq. In the future, Tehran plans to achieve the rejection of Baghdad from constructive relations with Washington.

Neighborly Concern: John Nevin Sayre and the Mission of Peace and Goodwill to Nicaragua, 1927-28

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-46
Author(s):  
Charles F. Howlett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
American Military ◽  
Central American Country ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Government Rules

For almost two decades prior to 1927 Nicaragua had been governed by Washington “more completely than the American Federal Government rules any state in the Union.” Such governance was justified by the State Department which raised the specter of the Monroe Doctrine not only to bolster America's economic ambitions in the region but also to protect the nation's national security — a fact which took on added importance due to the recent construction of the Panama Canal. From 1912 to 1925, a Legation Guard of United States Marines reminded the country of the overwhelming American dominance. For only a brief period did America's military presence abate. In 1926, however, a civil war broke out that threatened to destroy the political and economic stability the United States had come to rely on. American military assistance was requested and quickly rendered. What events led to U.S. military action in this Central American country?

The United States Defence Areas in Greenland

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Archer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Second World

Archer, C. The United States Defence Areas in Greenland. Cooperation and Conflict, XXIII, 1988, 123-144. An examination of the US military presence in Greenland shows how it has developed in tandem with wider US strategy. After the Second World War bases were used by Strategic Air Command and later for early warning systems. The US presence has had consequences for the host nations, Denmark and Greenland, in its effect on the local populations, in its intrusion into host state politics and by the association with the defence policies of the USA. The 1980s have brought a questioning of the US defence areas in Greenland by Greenlandic and Danish politicians.

South Korea’s ties with key countries will worsen

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Us

Subject South Korea's international relationships. Significance South Korea’s government is celebrating the success of its response to COVID-19, but the country’s four key foreign relationships all face difficulties -- those with the United States, China, Japan and North Korea. No other countries or regions are vital to Seoul, despite vaunted ‘Southern’ and ‘Northern’ initiatives. Impacts A prolonged deadlock on funding the US military presence in South Korea could push Seoul closer to Beijing. If President Xi Jinping visits South Korea later this year, Washington could easily misread this. Substantial fence-mending with Japan may have to await new leaderships in both countries. South Korean President Moon Jae-in may have tacitly given up on North Korea, which has visibly given up on him.

scholarly journals The US military presence in the Canadian North in the 1940s – 1950s: from an "occupation army" to a unified air defense system

2021 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Dmitry Volodin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Canadian Government ◽  
Air Defense ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Refusal To Participate ◽  
The Cold War

During World War II and at the beginning of the Cold War the United States carried out a number of major military projects in the Canadian Arctic. The Canadian government faced a difficult choice. These projects could seriously weaken the country's sovereignty in the High North. On the other hand, Canada’s refusal to participate in their implementation threatened that the United States would implement these projects alone. As a result the Canadian government approved all these projects, believing that it is really possible to defend Canada's sovereignty in the Arctic only through cooperation with the United States in the defense of the continent.

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