Judges' Role Orientations, Attitudes, and Decisions: An Interactive Model

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Trial Court ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Interactive Model ◽  
Sentencing Decisions ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Role Orientations ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Decision Making Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Despite almost two decades of behavioral research, our models relating the key variables in judicial decision making are incomplete and inadequate. In particular, the impact of two widely used variables, judges' attitudes and role orientations, is poorly understood. While there appears to be a consensus that attitudes and role orientations are important predictors of behavior, no research has been successful in developing a comprehensive model capable of predicting judges' behaviors. This article's objective is the development of a single model incorporating attitudes, role orientations, and decision-making behavior. While attitudes and role orientations taken singly explain insignificant amounts of the variation in behavior, an interactive model of attitudes and role orientations is shown to be extremely useful for understanding behavior. Although this research focuses on the sentencing decisions of Iowa trial court judges, the proposed model is potentially applicable to all instances of decision making.

Mimoprávní vlivy na rozhodování českého Ústavního soudu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Smekal ◽  
Jaroslav Benák ◽  
Monika Hanych ◽  
Ladislav Vyhnánek ◽  
Štěpán Janků
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
The Media ◽  
Book Studies ◽  
The Impact

The book studies other than purely legal factors that influence the Czech Constitutional Court judges in their decision-making. The publication is inspired by foreign models of judicial decision-making and discusses their applicability in the Czech environment. More specifically, it focuses, for example, on the influence of the judge’s personality, collegiality, strategic decision-making or the impact of public opinion and the media. The book is based mainly on interviews with current constitutional judges.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Elemen Sensory Branding Terhadap Perilaku Pengambilan Keputusan Konsumen Dalam Membeli Aqua Dengan Pendekatan Neuromarketing Di Kabupaten Jember

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Dimas Khurniawan ◽  
Mohammad Dimyati ◽  
Deasy Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Instrument Analysis ◽  
Decision Making Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study acclaims the important of Auditory, Visual and Tactile in affecting consumer’s decision makingbehavior of buying, it is also to figure out it’s impact in Aqua. Thus, it is important to study “The Impact Of SensoryBranding’s Elements On Consumer’s Decision Making Behavior Of Buying Aqua With Neuromarketing Approach InJember”. The population in this study are Aqua’s consumers in Jember. Sampling is taken using purposive sampling methodfrom 100 respondents. Instrument analysis in this study is performed using Structural Equation Model (SEM) withconfirmatory approach. The result shows that: 1) auditory significantly affects consumer’s decision making behavior of buyingAqua in Jember, 2) visual significantly affects consumer’s decision making behavior of buying Aqua in Jember, and 3) tactilesignificantly affects consumer’s decision making behavior of buying Aqua in Jember.

scholarly journals The use of tools and approaches of system dynamics in the analysis of the efficiency of BIM implementation and its impact on the management and planning of investments in the construction sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Martin Hotový
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Strategic Investment ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Investment Decision Making ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the use of tools and approaches of system dynamics in the analysis of the efficiency of BIM tools implementation in relation to the management and planning of investments in the construction sector. The dynamic model based on the approach of system dynamics allows to simulate the impact rate (range) of BIM implementation in strategic investment decision-making in the construction sector. Based on the analysis, the key parameters critically affecting the large construction investment projects are determined. The proposed model is implemented as a submodel in the dynamic model designed for potential refinements in the strategic planning of the extent of investments into projects of civil infrastructure of the Czech Republic. The model allows to test different strategies in the virtual world before their implementation. The prediction of future developments based on the proposed model allows to streamline planning and decision-making processes.

scholarly journals The Value of Behavioral Economics for EU Judicial Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-264
Author(s):  
Christoph K. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Hindsight Bias ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Behavioral Economic ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
Cognitive Illusions ◽  
Proportionality Test ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis Article analyzes the value of behavioral economics for EU judicial decision-making. The first part introduces the foundations of behavioral economics by focusing on cognitive illusions, prospect theory, and the underlying distinction between different processes of thought. The second part examines the influence of selected biases and heuristics, namely the anchoring effect, availability bias, zero-risk bias, and hindsight bias on diverse legal issues in EU law including, among others, the scope of the fundamental freedoms, the proportionality test as well as the roles of the Advocate General and Reporting Judge. The Article outlines how behavioral economic findings can be taken into account to improve judicial decision-making. Accordingly, the adaptation of judicial training concerning cognitive illusions, the establishment of a de minimis rule regarding the scope of the fundamental freedoms, and the use of economic models when determining the impact of certain measures on fundamental freedoms is suggested. Finally, an “unbiased jury” concentrating exclusively on specific factual issues such as causal connections within the proportionality test is necessary, if the hindsight bias is to be avoided. While it is of great importance to take behavioral economic findings into account, judicial decision-making is unlikely to become flawless based on natural intelligence. Despite bearing fundamental risks, artificial intelligence may provide means to achieve greater fairness, consistency, and legal certainty in the future.

scholarly journals Attitudes, Rape and Law Reform in South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charnelle van der Bijl ◽  
Philip N. S. Rumney
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Rape Law ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
Criminal Justice Process ◽  
The Impact

In the last decade South Africa has undergone an extensive process of sexual offence law reform. This process has attempted, amongst other things, to address deficiencies in the criminal justice response to rape and has also recognised some of the limits to the impact of legal reform. These limits are partly defined by rape supportive attitudes and myths that appear to influence decision-making at all points in the criminal justice process. In South Africa, and many other jurisdictions, evidence suggests that police, prosecutorial and judicial decision-making is influenced, in part, by a range of social attitudes that misconstrue sexual violence, as well as serve to undermine the credibility of complainants. This article examines the impact of myths, social definitions of rape on rape law reform in South Africa and the points at which these reforms are likely to be undermined by social attitudes and what potentially might be done to address this problem.

Expertise Fails to Attenuate Gendered Biases in Judicial Decision-Making

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Trial Court ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Legal Decision Making ◽  
Subject Matter Expertise ◽  
Relative Differences

Although the influence of gender ideology on lay decision-making has been established, it is not known to what extent expertise may mitigate gendered biases and improve decision-making quality. In a set of controlled experiments, trial court judges and laypeople evaluated a hypothetical child custody case and a hypothetical employment discrimination case. The role of expertise was tested in two ways: by comparing judges’ and laypeople’s decision-making and by examining relative differences in expertise among judges. Judges were no less influenced by litigant gender and by their own gender ideology than the lay sample. Judges with greater subject-matter expertise were also no less influenced by gender ideology than other judges. In some cases, expertise was associated with greater, not less, bias. The results of this study suggest that expertise does not attenuate gendered biases in legal decision-making.

Grey target decision-making model of interval grey number based on cone volume

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Wang ◽  
Wuyong Qian
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Maximal Entropy ◽  
Information Distortion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Grey Number ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a grey target decision model based on cobweb area in order to overcome the effect and influence from the extreme value of the index on the decision result. However, it does not take into account the impact of the correlation between indicators on the angle of the index, and produce a certain degree decision information distortion as a result of the equal angle between the indicators. In order to solve the above problems, a novel grey decision-making model based on cone volume is proposed. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the model uses the whitening weight function to whiten the interval grey number, and the Delphi method and the maximal entropy method are exploited to integrate the weight of the index. On the basis of this, the center of the bull’s eye, the weight and the index value are constructed as the center circle, the radius, and the high cone, respectively. The scheme is selected by the volume of the cone, the decision is made according to the order relation, and the example is utilized to prove and analyze the validity of the proposed model. Findings The results show that the proposed model can well improve the traditional grey target decision-making model from the modeling object and modeling method. Practical implications The method exposed in the paper can be used to deal with the grey target decision-making problems which characteristics are multi-indexes, and the attribute values are interval grey numbers. Originality/value The paper succeeds in overcoming the disadvantages of grey target decision making based on the target center distance and the cobweb area.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Risk Minimization Decision Making Strategy Using Data-Driven Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Akey Sungheetha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Epidemic Intelligence ◽  
Spread Dynamics ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Strategies

In order to establish social resilient and sustainable cities during the pandemic outbreak, it is essential to forecast the epidemic trends and trace infection by means of data-driven solution addressing the requirements of local operational defense applications and global strategies. The smartphone based Digital Proximity Tracing Technology (DPTT) has obtained a great deal of interest with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mitigation, containing and monitoring with the population acceptance insights and effectiveness of the function. The DPTTs and Data-Driven Epidemic Intelligence Strategies (DDEIS) are compared in this paper to identify the shortcomings and propose a novel solution to overcome them. In terms of epidemic resurgence risk minimization, guaranteeing public health safety and quick return of cities to normalcy, a social as well as technological solution may be provided by incorporating the key features of DDEIS. The role of human behavior is taken into consideration while assessing its limitations and benefits for policy making as well as individual decision making. The epidemiological model of SEIR (Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Recovered) provides preliminary data for the preferences of users in a DPTT. The impact of the proposed model on the spread dynamics of Covid-19 is evaluated and the results are presented.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF RISK OF POVERTY ON SEGMENTS OF THE MARKET IN ROMANIA

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Marcela Danu
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Business Failure ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Consumption Decision ◽  
Decision Making Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Causes Of Poverty

In the present work I presented the risk of poverty in Romania considering the economic and social determination. I highlighted that poverty in Romania, is a mix of economic, educational, cultural etc. factors and reinforced by the lack of family or social support. Among the most significant correlative causes of poverty are: lack of money-unemployment, low salaries, lack of money, lack of food-hunger, deprivation, misery, lack of culture, lack of housing, disease, decay, addictions, political causes, individual causes, etc. I analyzed the dynamics of the decision-making behavior of the population of Romania both as a whole and as segments of the market, in terms of age, sex, residence environment, etc. in the market acts, regarding the purchase and consumption decision. The approach and treatment of the poverty must be understand regarding to the systemic economic-social-psychologically interaction. The impact of risk of poverty on the segments of the market is reflected in the production of goods and services; increasing of this type of risk lead to diminishing and modifying the request and further lead to diminishing supply, business failure, etc.

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