Ex Ante and Ex Post Assessment of the Social Consequences of Public Projects and Policies

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Land ◽  
Kurt Finsterbusch ◽  
John G. Grumm ◽  
Stephen L. Wasby
Keyword(s):  
Social Consequences ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Post Assessment

scholarly journals Measuring the Social Sustainability of New Housing Development: A Critical Review of Assessment Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-39
Author(s):  
Tim Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Post Assessment ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Social sustainability is a growing area of debate in the built environment, particularly in relation to housing. Homebuilders in the United Kingdom have responded to organizational and policy drivers by developing ex post assessment frameworks to measure the social sustainability of new housing development. In this paper, I offer a critical perspective of these frameworks by: (1) examining the origins of the concept of social sustainability at the neighborhood level; (2) analyzing the critical challenges and research questions about social sustainability that the underlying methodologies raise; and, (3) how such frameworks might be improved and developed further.

Investigating Idiosyncratic Deals in the Indian Hospitality Industry

2017 ◽  
pp. 220-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohinder Chand Dhiman ◽  
Pawan S. Budhwar ◽  
Anastasia A. Katou
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Idiosyncratic Deals ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Employee Reactions ◽  
The Relationship

This paper, utilising the social exchange theory, examines the relationship between before hiring negotiation (ex-ante) and after hiring negotiation (ex-post), idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) and employee reactions (i.e., motivation, commitment, work engagement and organisational citizenship behaviour). I-deals refer to voluntary, personalized agreements of a nonstandard nature negotiated between individual employees and their employers regarding terms that benefit each party. The hypotheses of the study were tested applying structural equation modelling on data collected from 275 employees working in 39 companies operating in the Indian hospitality industry. The findings show that although ex-ante and ex-post negotiations are interrelated, the negotiating special terms and conditions at the time of hire are less common than negotiating these terms and conditions while on job. Additionally, the findings indicate that ex-ante negotiation relates positively and more strongly to flexibility i-deals than to task and career i-deals, whilst ex-post negotiation relates positively but more strongly to career i-deals that to task and flexibility i-deals. The analysis also confirms the positive but differential effects of task, career and flexibility i-deals on employee reactions. Implications of the findings for both research and practice are discussed.

Veil-piercing

2019 ◽  
pp. 813-888
Author(s):  
Carsten Gerner-Beuerle ◽  
Michael Schillig
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Corporate Activity ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Legal Concepts

This chapter focuses on strategies that, in a broad sense, set the principle of limited liability aside in order to reach (the assets of) the natural or legal persons that benefit from corporate activity. These concepts are complementary to the ex ante strategies discussed in previous chapters. They are ex post in the sense that they will be triggered only if and when the former have failed for some reason. Their aim is to internalize as far as possible the social cost of corporate activity in order to set appropriate incentives for corporate decision-making. The legal concepts under consideration are largely standard based with open textured norms whose application heavily depends on the factual settings in every individual case. Consequently, the challenge is to provide workable criteria and coherent guidance for courts in order to ensure predictability for entrepreneurs and their legal advisers.

Law and Economics of Alternative Dispute Resolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Welfare Implications

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) refers to a variety of private processes for resolving disputes, independent of trial before a court of law. Economists are interested in ADR for two main reasons. First, from an ex post perspective, the manner in which disputes are resolved or decided in society affects the operation of the legal system and its cost-efficiency. Second, from an ex ante perspective, the manner in which rights are vindicated impacts primary behavior and investments in prospective dispute avoidance. The literature relating to the economic analysis of ADR can be divided into two facets: one facet is dedicated to the interests of litigating parties to make use of ADR mechanisms; the other is directed at the social interest in ADR. This chapter identifies the conditions under which parties will be incentivized to enter into ADR proceedings, and then moves on to examine the social welfare implications of ADR.

scholarly journals Kierkegaard: Towards a New Interpretation

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Lane
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Game Theory ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Individual Behavior ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Interpretation

<p><em>Kierkegaard’s originality as philosopher comes out more clearly if he is analysed without any preconception. His view on man and woman is based on indeterminist foundations, approaching individual behavior as choice, alternatives of action and degrees of freedom in the present and for the future. Determinism ex post</em><em>-</em><em>indeterminism ex ante. His rejection of Hegelian macro determinism and social teleology anticipates 20<sup>th</sup> century revolution in the social sciences, namely game theory.</em></p>

scholarly journals A Systematic Review for Urban Regeneration Effects Analysis in Urban Cores

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9296
Author(s):  
Michela Tiboni ◽  
Francesco Botticini ◽  
Sílvia Sousa ◽  
Natacha Jesus-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
The City ◽  
Post Assessment

In this article, we aim to promote a methodology to analyze the effects of urban regeneration in historical sites. Different case studies are observed in depth, and they allow us to understand certain aspects concerning ex-post and ex-ante assessments. This methodology, which is supported by Geographic Information System (GIS) software and an online database, is based on different phases: the first is the quantification of the resources employed within the process, giving attention to the policies that are the basis for social and environmental changes. Then, the analysis moves to the effects of the interventions. In particular, the goal of the methodology was to understand how different urban operations can contribute to creating public value, and importance was given to the available tools for public bodies to develop partnerships and to capture that value. With the ex-post assessment, it was feasible to compare the situations before and after the realization of the projects, whereas, with the ex-ante assessment, it was viable to assess different possible development scenarios and compare them with the baseline of the current situation. The methodology was tested for the ex-post assessment case study of the city of Porto (PT) and for the ex-ante assessment case study of the city of Brescia (IT).

D?r al-?arb as the Motherland? The Muslim Tatars of (the Grand Duchy of) Lithuania and Social Contract

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-177
Author(s):  
Egdūnas Račius
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Grand Duchy

Muslim presence in Lithuania, though already addressed from many angles, has not hitherto been approached from either the perspective of the social contract theories or of the compliance with Muslim jurisprudence. The author argues that through choice of non-Muslim Grand Duchy of Lithuania as their adopted Motherland, Muslim Tatars effectively entered into a unique (yet, from the point of Hanafi fiqh, arguably Islamically valid) social contract with the non-Muslim state and society. The article follows the development of this social contract since its inception in the fourteenth century all the way into the nation-state of Lithuania that emerged in the beginning of the twentieth century and continues until the present. The epitome of the social contract under investigation is the official granting in 1995 to Muslim Tatars of a status of one of the nine traditional faiths in Lithuania with all the ensuing political, legal and social consequences for both the Muslim minority and the state.

Ex-Ante and Ex-Post Performance of Optimal REIT Portfolios

CFA Digest ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
Ann C. Logue
Keyword(s):  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante
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