Seasonal Changes in Weight of Above- and Below-Ground Vegetation and Dead Plant Material in a Salt Marsh at Colne Point, Essex

1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hussey ◽  
S. P. Long
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Dead Plant

scholarly journals Effect of thinning intensity on understory herbaceous diversity and biomass in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests of Changbai Mountain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerong Wang ◽  
Yue Sun ◽  
Mo Zhou ◽  
Naiqian Guan ◽  
Yuwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Understory Herb

Abstract Background Herbs are an important part of the forest ecosystem, and their diversity and biomass can reflect the restoration of vegetation after forest thinning disturbances. Based on the near-mature secondary coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jilin Province Forestry Experimental Zone, this study analyzed seasonal changes of species diversity and biomass of the understory herb layer after different intensities of thinning. Results The results showed that although the composition of herbaceous species and the ranking of importance values were affected by thinning intensity, they were mainly determined by seasonal changes. Across the entire growing season, the species with the highest importance values in thinning treatments included Carex pilosa, Aegopodium alpestre, Meehania urticifolia, and Filipendula palmata, which dominated the herb layer of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The number of species, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index all had their highest values in May, and gradually decreased with months. Pielou index was roughly inverted “N” throughout the growing season. Thinning did not increase the species diversity. Thinning can promote the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The number of plants per unit area and coverage were related to the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The average height had a significantly positive correlation with herb biomass in May but not in July. However, it exerted a significantly negative correlation with herb biomass in September. The biomass in the same month increased with increasing thinning intensity. Total herb biomass, above- and below-ground biomass showed positive correlations with Shannon-Winner index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index in May. Conclusions Thinning mainly changed the light environment in the forest, which would improve the plant diversity and biomass of herb layer in a short time. And different thinning intensity had different effects on the diversity of understory herb layer. The findings provide theoretical basis and reference for reasonable thinning and tending in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests.

scholarly journals Low and contrasting impacts of vegetation CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization on terrestrial runoff over the past three decades: Accounting for above- and below-ground vegetation-CO<sub>2</sub> effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Yang ◽  
Tim R. McVicar ◽  
Dawen Yang ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang ◽  
Shilong Piao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Terrestrial Runoff ◽  
The Past ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Vegetation Water

Abstract. Elevation in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2) affects vegetation water use, with consequent impacts on terrestrial runoff (Q). However, the sign and magnitude of the eCO2 effect on Q is still contentious. This is partly due to the poor understanding of the opposing eCO2-induced water effects at different scales, being water-saving caused by partial stomatal closure at the leaf-level contrasting with increased water-consumption due to increase foliage cover at the canopy level, leading to highly debated findings among existing studies. None of the existing studies implicitly account for eCO2-induced changes to below-ground vegetation functioning. Here we develop an analytical eco-hydrological framework that includes the effects of eCO2 on plant leaf, canopy density, and rooting characteristics to attribute changes in Q and detect the eCO2 signal on Q over the past three decades. Globally, we detect a very small decrease of Q induced by eCO2 during 1982–2010 (−1.69 %). When assessed locally, along the resource availability (α) gradient, a positive trend (p 

Seasonal Changes in the Trace Metals in Salt Marsh Angiosperms

1987 ◽  
Vol 128 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Joshi ◽  
M. Engenhart ◽  
M. Wickern ◽  
S.W. Breckle
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Seasonal Changes

Seasonal changes in habitat use by Maine spruce grouse

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2738-2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Forest Density ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Open Canopy ◽  
Conifer Tree ◽  
Males And Females

Seasonal change in habitats used by spruce grouse (Dendragapus canadensis) in eastern Maine was studied from spring 1981 until autumn 1983. Forest composition averaged 88 and 90% conifer tree species for males and females, respectively. Red spruce (Picea rubens) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) were the dominant trees present in all habitats at all seasons. Forest density of habitats used by grouse differed significantly by season and sex. During winter males and females used conifer stands that were denser than random plots. During spring and summer females used sites that were less dense than those used by males and had a more open canopy and more ground vegetation. Both sexes showed seasonal changes in the proportion of time observed in trees. By midsummer, males and nonbrood females exhibited a strong selection for larch (Larix laricina) trees. During autumn both sexes moved to habitats with an increased proportion of larch and were found in these trees greater than 75% of the time Larch needles were considered an important transition food to the winter diet of conifer needles.

Seasonal Changes in Epipelic Diatoms Along an Intertidal Shore, Berrow Flats, Somerset

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah R. Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Interstitial Water ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Assemblage Structure ◽  
Epipelic Diatoms

Seasonal changes in the assemblage structure of dominant epipelic diatoms were studied along a transect crossing a salt marsh, sandflat, and mudflat of an estuarine intertidal shore at Berrow Flats, Somerset, UK. Seasonal changes in cell numbers displayed different patterns in the salt marsh and sandflat/mudflat. At salt marsh sites highest numbers of individuals were recorded in summer followed by a smaller autumn growth, while in the sandflat lower numbers showed no seasonal pattern. Repeated annual patterns in the succession of taxa were not observed as environmental conditions changed at the study site with time. Measurements of salinity, pH, interstitial water content, air and soil temperature were taken together with the diatom samples. A canonical correspondence analysis was employed to relate seasonal changes in assemblage structure to measured environmental variables. Total percentage variation in the first four axes of the species/site-environmental biplots ranged between 54 and 66°. In winter, sites and species separated most significantly along gradients of salinity and levels of organic matter. In spring and autumn, interstitial water content became a more significant environmental variable. By summer steep gradients in pH, levels of organic matter, and hypersaline conditions separated sites and assemblages into more discrete groups when compared to the more even spread of points in the other seasons. The results indicate that different combinations of environmental variables influence diatom assemblage structure seasonally.

scholarly journals Growth and vegetative reproduction of Chilean flame creeper (Tropaeolum speciosum) in two diverse climates of New Zealand

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 442-442
Author(s):  
C.A. Dowsett ◽  
T.K. James
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Root System ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Outer Skin ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Second Year

Chilean flame creeper is a summer active perennial vine growing to 5 m or more It has an extensive rhizomatous root system and has proved very difficult to control with herbicides Both the above and below ground stems are soft without any tough outer skin or bark For these studies plants were grown in 50 litre tubs in Waikato and Southland and four replicate tubs were destructively harvested at monthly intervals to measure the root structure and top growth Plant material for both studies was sourced from an infestation at Mangaweka The rhizomes appeared to be entirely replaced with none of the remaining original root fragments sprouting in the second year Also the growing rhizomes initiated secondary rhizomes before they emerged It appears that this is the reason this species is difficult to control as the herbicides were not translocating into the secondary rhizomes The growth of Chilean flame creeper from Waikato and Southland was markedly different After 4 months growth the Waikato plants averaged 151 mm of primary rhizome and nine emerged shoots while Southland plants averaged 116 mm of rhizome and three emerged shoots At this time however plants grown in both locations had tertiary rhizomes

scholarly journals A model study of the combined effect of above and below ground plant traits on the ecomorphodynamics of gravel bars

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Caponi ◽  
David F. Vetsch ◽  
Annunziato Siviglia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Plant Trait ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Gravel Bars ◽  
Below Ground

Abstract Both above- and below-ground plant traits are known to modulate feedbacks between vegetation and river morphodynamic processes. However, how they collectively influence vegetation establishment on gravel bars remains less clear. Here we develop a numerical model that couples above- and below-ground vegetation dynamics with hydromorphological processes. The model dynamically links plant growth rate to water table fluctuations and includes plant mortality by uprooting and burial. We considered a realistic hydrological regime and used the model to simulate the coevolution of alternate gravel bars and vegetation that displays trade-offs in investment of above- and below-ground biomass. We found that a balanced plant growth above- and below-ground facilitates vegetation to establish on steady, stable bars, because it allows plants to develop traits that maximise growth performance during low flow periods and thus survival during floods. Regardless of the growth strategy, vegetation could not establish on migrating bars because of large plant loss by uprooting during floods. These findings add on previous studies suggesting that morphodynamic processes play a key role on determining plant trait distributions and highlight the importance of including the dynamics of both above- and below-ground plant traits for predicting shifts between bare and vegetated states in river bars.

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