Oscillatory Dynamics in Populations of an Annual Weed Species Abutilon Theophrasti

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Thrall ◽  
S. W. Pacala ◽  
J. A. Silander
Keyword(s):  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Oscillatory Dynamics

Fusarium lateritium: A Pathogen of Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lynn Walker
Keyword(s):  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fusarium Lateritium ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Anoda Cristata

An isolate ofFusarium lateritium(Nees) emend. Snyder and Hansen was associated with naturally occurring disease of spurred anoda [Anoda cristata(L.) Schlecht.] and prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) plants. In greenhouse inoculation studies, theFusariumisolate was pathogenic to healthy spurred anoda and prickly sida plants. The disease symptoms were characterized by leaf, stem, and root lesions. The stem lesions enlarged with time and formed cankers that often girdled the stems and killed inoculated plants. In host-range studies, velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionumL.), okra [Abelmoschus esculentus(L.) Moench], and hollyhock [Althaea rosea(L.) Cav.] were also susceptible to the pathogen. This is the first report of these six species as hosts for this pathogen. Corn (Zea maysL.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. andG. barbadenseL.), soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], and 18 other representative crop and weed species in eight families were resistant to the pathogen.F. lateritiummay be a useful biological herbicide for susceptible malvaceous weeds.

Genecological variation in recently established populations of Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1632-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Warwick ◽  
L. D. Black
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Multilocus Associations

Life history and electrophoretic variation were examined in 39 populations of Abutilon theophrasti L., velvetleaf, collected from southern Ohio (39° N) to central Ontario (45° N). These collections represent a climatic gradient at the northern extreme of the distribution range of this weed species in North America. Plants from each of the 39 populations were grown from seed in a standard garden trial. A total of 51 growth, germination, and morphological characters were measured for each population. Significant among-population differences (p < 0.05) were found for 33 of the 51 characters. Many of these population differences were correlated with latitude and climate. These patterns of variation may well represent the first stages of differentiation in response to local environment. Of particular importance was the wide range of differences among populations in proportions of seeds exhibiting dormancy. Results from an electrophoretic survey of 16 enzyme systems provided evidence for very low levels of allozyme variation among the 39 populations of A. theophrasti. Only two enzymes were variable and only four multi-locus electrophoretic genotypes were evident among the 39 populations. Velvetleaf exhibited a number of genetic features characteristic of successful colonizers: high levels of fixed heterozygosity as a result of polyploidy, multilocus associations providing a reduced number of genotypes, and high levels of population differentiation in morphometric and life-history traits.

scholarly journals Influence of different methods for breaking seed dormancy of Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Abutilon theophrasti and Xanthium strumarium on emergence in field conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Jovana Krstić ◽  
Goran Malidža ◽  
Miloš Rajković ◽  
Miloš Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy

Seed dormancy is an important trait that contributes to the survival rate of weeds, helps to avoid the effects of herbicides and protects them against adverse environmental conditions. In order to determine which methods are effective in breaking seed dormancy of invasive weed species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Abutilon theophrasti, Xanthium strumarium), an experiment was set up in 2019 in a randomized block design, with three replications in the experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops (Novi Sad). The collected seeds of one population of A. artemisiifolia and A. theophrasti, were cleaned and stored in cold storage at 4°C until testing, while X. strumarium was stored at room temperature. Seed propagation was done in a weed science laboratory, using nine different methods for breaking seed dormancy. The seeds were exposed to different conditions of temperature, light and humidity over a certain period of time (24h or 48h). The dynamics of weed emergence were monitored daily, for a period of 31 days and expressed cumulatively in percentages. Based on the obtained results, the highest percentage of sprouted plants was determined in treatments where the seeds were propagated under light conditions, in water. An appropriate method of propagation can influence the breaking of seed dormancy and emergence in field conditions, which can have practical significance in the research of competitive relations between crops and tested weed species.

Effects of Chilling on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Patterson ◽  
E. P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Anoda Cristata

The effects of short exposures to low temperature on cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213′), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic), and spurred anoda [Anoda cristata(L.) Schlecht.] were studied in controlled environment chambers. A 3-day exposure to 17/13 C day/night temperatures 24 days after planting significantly reduced dry weight, leaf area and height in all three species when compared to control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/night. After subsequent periods of 7 days at 26/21 C and 8 days at 29/23 C, the two weed species recovered in growth more completely than did cotton. Therefore, the weed/crop ratios for dry weight and leaf area were increased by the imposition of the cold treatment. Mathematical analysis of the growth of the three species indicated that the growth reductions during the cold treatment were caused by decreases in both net assimilation rate and leaf area duration. The net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductances of individual leaves of cotton and velvetleaf were significantly reduced during the cold treatment but recovered to control levels during a subsequent 4-day exposure to 26/21 C. We conclude that the adverse effects of low temperatures on the growth of cotton, velvetleaf, and spurred anoda are caused mainly by reductions in leaf area production. Because of its slower and less complete recovery, cotton is more severely affected by low temperature than either of the two weeds. Our results help explain the observation that velvetleaf and spurred anoda are more competitive with cotton following abnormally cool periods early in the growing season.

Response of Various Weed Species and Corn (Zea mays) to RPA 201772

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Sanjay Kushwaha ◽  
Sowmya Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the response of corn (Zea mays), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and yellow foxtail (Setaria lutescence) to RPA 201772. Barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters were more susceptible than yellow foxtail to RPA 201772. Velvetleaf was the most susceptible species and rates above 18 g ai/ha of RPA 201772 controlled 100% of the population 4 wk after treatment (WAT). Percent control of all the weed species increased with increased RPA 201772 rates. In the field, the dry weights of yellow foxtail decreased as the rate of RPA 201772 increased from 0 to 210 g/ha. However, a 60% reduction of dry weight of yellow foxtail was recorded at 140 g/ha of RPA 201772 compared to the untreated check 6 WAT, whereas at 12 WAT the dry weight of yellow foxtail was reduced to only 15% because of intraspecific competition. Yellow foxtail was moderately susceptible to RPA 201772. Corn was tolerant to RPA 201772; the GR80 value was 435 g/ha in the greenhouse. The bleaching injury to corn in the field was less than 10%, and it was found only with the 210 g/ha rate of RPA 201772. This injury was temporary and the plants recovered within 2 to 3 wk. Based on the GR80 values, velvetleaf was the most susceptible, followed by common lambsquarters, large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, and yellow foxtail.

scholarly journals The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on Datura stramonium L., Abutilon theophrasti Med., Onopordon acanthium L. and Verbascum thapsus L. seed germination

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Bozic ◽  
Ljubinko Jovanovic ◽  
Vera Raicevic ◽  
Danijela Pavlovic ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Verbascum Thapsus ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Petri Dishes

The effects of several bacterial media [Bacillus licheniformis population 1 (MO1); B. licheniformis population 2 (MO2); B. subtilis (MO3); B. megatherium (MO4); humates (MO5)] on seed germination of Datura stramonium L., Abutilon theophrasti Med., Onopordon acanthium L. and Verbascum thapsus L. were tested. Seeds were germinated in Petri dishes containing solutions with different bacterial media. The highest germination percentage in all treatments was recorded for V. thapsus seeds (100.0%). Different treatments had diverse effects (stimulative or inhibitory) on seed germination of D. stramonium [from 5% (MO1) to 13.3% (MO3), with 10.0 % in H20], A. theophrasti [from 28.3% (MO3) to 65.0% (MO5), with 43.3 % in H20] and O. acanthium [from 10.0% (MO2) to 13.3% (MO1 and MO3), with 6.7% in H20], depending on the type of media and weed species.

Effects of Weeds on the Anatomy of Roots of Cabbage and Tomato

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Retig ◽  
L. G. Holm ◽  
B. Esther Struckmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Brassica Kaber

The effects of weed species on the anatomy of roots of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) were studied. One crop seed was placed on agar in a test tube to germinate in association with four additional seeds of a weed species. All the weed species caused abnormal changes in the anatomy of cabbage and tomato roots. Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) inhibited cell elongation and caused disruption of epidermis and disorganization of the root tissue in cabbage. Green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) also caused disruption of cabbage roots. Mustard (Brassica kaber DC.) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) induced enlarged parenchyma cells of cabbage roots. The combination of tomato and jimsonweed resulted in disorganized root tissue or large roots with large parenchyma cells.

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