Influence of different methods for breaking seed dormancy of Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Abutilon theophrasti and Xanthium strumarium on emergence in field conditions

Seed dormancy is an important trait that contributes to the survival rate of weeds, helps to avoid the effects of herbicides and protects them against adverse environmental conditions. In order to determine which methods are effective in breaking seed dormancy of invasive weed species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Abutilon theophrasti, Xanthium strumarium), an experiment was set up in 2019 in a randomized block design, with three replications in the experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops (Novi Sad). The collected seeds of one population of A. artemisiifolia and A. theophrasti, were cleaned and stored in cold storage at 4°C until testing, while X. strumarium was stored at room temperature. Seed propagation was done in a weed science laboratory, using nine different methods for breaking seed dormancy. The seeds were exposed to different conditions of temperature, light and humidity over a certain period of time (24h or 48h). The dynamics of weed emergence were monitored daily, for a period of 31 days and expressed cumulatively in percentages. Based on the obtained results, the highest percentage of sprouted plants was determined in treatments where the seeds were propagated under light conditions, in water. An appropriate method of propagation can influence the breaking of seed dormancy and emergence in field conditions, which can have practical significance in the research of competitive relations between crops and tested weed species.

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Allelopathic effects of invasive weed species Abutilon theophrasti Medik., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. on tomato

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif1904183r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (3-4) ◽

pp. 183-191

Author(s):

Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽

Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽

Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽

Ljiljana Santric

Keyword(s):

Datura Stramonium ◽

Early Growth ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Abutilon Theophrasti ◽

The Other ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Weed Species ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Decomposition Products ◽

Allelopathic Effects

Abutilon theophrasti Medik, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Datura stramonium L. and Xanthium strumarium L. are four well-known invasive weed species that are widespread in many crops. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effects of decomposition products of these four invasive weeds on seed germination and early seedling growth of tomato. The results of the study showed that decomposition products obtained from A. theophrasti, A. artemisiifolia, D. stramonium and X. strumarium had different allelopathic impacts on germination and seedling growth of tomato. The degree of inhibition or stimulation depended on weed species and type of decomposition product. Root decomposition products of all species except X. strumarium decreased the early growth of tomato (2-37%). X. strumarium had only stimulating effect on early growth of tomato (1-86%). Also, the results showed that leaves of the other three invasive weed species had stimulating effects on early growth of tomato (1-53%). Hence, the allelopathic potential of X. strumarium, as well as the leaf decomposition products of the other three invasive weed species could be used to develop an appropriate technology to improve tomato production.

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Utility of Maintained Weed Infestations Under Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500079583 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 206-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. P. Upchurch ◽

F. L. Selman ◽

H. L. Webster

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Moderate Degree ◽

Weed Species ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Dimethyl Urea ◽

Polygonum Pensylvanicum

Relatively pure stands of eight weed species were maintained under field conditions on a Goldsboro loamy sand at Lewiston, North Carolina, for all or part of a 6-year period. Herbicides evaluated as preemergence surface treatments for these species were 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb), isopropyl m-chlorocarbanilate (chloropropham), 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea (diuron), 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine), and 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben). S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) and a,a,a-trifluro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) were evaluated as preemergence incorporated treatments. The first four herbicides were evaluated in 1961, 1964, and 1966 while the last three were evaluated in 1962, 1963, and 1965. A series of rates was used for each chemical with three replications. With the exception of diuron which failed to control goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.), all of the herbicides provided at least a moderate degree of control of goosegrass, smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl.), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) at the respective typical field use rates. In general, trifluralin and amiben gave the best grass control and dinoseb the poorest. None of the herbicides effectively controlled common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) or ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.). Trifluralin and EPTC did not control Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.). Chloropropham was ineffective on common ragweed. Simazine, chloropropham, and amiben controlled Pennsylvania smartweed while diuron, simazine, dinoseb, and amiben were especially effective on common lambsquarters. Distinctive patterns of nematode infestations were observed as a function of weed species.

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Seed dormancy characteristics in six weed species as affected by after-ripening temperatures and field conditions

10.31274/rtd-180813-5763 ◽

1986 ◽

Author(s):

Primo L. Chavarria

Keyword(s):

Seed Dormancy ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Weed Species

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Weeds in Organic Bean Crops (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Fabaceae Lindl., Fabales)

Contemporary Agriculture ◽

10.2478/contagri-2020-0014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (3-4) ◽

pp. 110-118

Author(s):

Dejana Džigurski ◽

Branka Ljevnaić-Mašić ◽

Ljiljana Nikolić

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Humus Content ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Weed Species ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Weakly Alkaline ◽

Weed Flora

SummaryIn the organic bean crops (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in open cultivation during the vegetation period of 2012, 14 weed species were found in the villages Ljutovo and Orom. The percentage of invasive species was 28.57%. Ambrosia artemisiifolia was characterized as highly invasive, Sorghum halepense as sporadically invasive, and Amaranthus retroflexus and Datura stramonium as potentially invasive species. Low diversity and low density of weed flora in organic bean crops are the factors causing a high percentage of invasive species in the floristic composition, so monitoring of these species is necessary. The weed flora dominated by therophytes (71.43%), the dominance of weed-ruderal plants (64.29%), and the presence of widespread taxa in the bean crops indicate strong anthropogenic influence and instability of the weed flora. The largest number of the weed species bloom from June to August (71.43%). According to the ecological analysis of the weed flora, the studied agroecosystems were characterized as moderately arid (F-2.36), neutral to weakly alkaline (R-3.07), eutrophic-mesotrophic (N-3.71), well-aerated (D-3.64), non-saline (S-, 78.57%) with medium humus content (H-2.86), favorable light (L-3.86) and temperature (T-4.14) regime, and with temperate continental climatic conditions (K-2.93). Correlation analysis showed that invasive weed species began to bloom later and favored well-aerated and warmer habitats compared to other weeds. PCA analysis singled out habitat aeration and salinity as the main factors separating weeds in organic bean crops.

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Morphological, phenological and reproducitve characteristics of the invasive weed species Abutilon theophrasti Medik as affected by various plant densities

Periodicum Biologorum ◽

10.18054/pb.v120i2-3.4924 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 120 (2-3) ◽

pp. 73-80

Author(s):

Maja Šćepanović

Keyword(s):

Abutilon Theophrasti ◽

Weed Species ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Plant Densities

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PSXI-11 Assessing in situ rumen degradability of late season kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata)

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.642 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 350-350

Author(s):

J B Adkins ◽

J P Gulizia ◽

Kevin M Downs ◽

S Cui

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Leguminous Plant ◽

Native Plant ◽

Weed Species ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Indigestible Fraction ◽

Pueraria Montana

Abstract Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) is an invasive weed species native to eastern Asia affecting much of the southeastern United States. Its broad leaves and viny growth allow it to outcompete native plant species for sunlight and nutrients. Kudzu, however, is a leguminous plant, making it a potential feedstock for ruminant species. Browsing ruminants in areas affected by kudzu could benefit animal productivity while serving to ameliorate rapid plant growth. This study specifically sought to assess the overall rumen degradability, rate of digestion, digestible fraction, and indigestible fraction using an in situ methodology. In situ rumen degradability was analyzed using four ruminally fistulated steers as individual experimental units over two repeated trials. Samples were incubated at 1, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h. Kudzu used in these trials was collected during September, making analysis in this study a reflection of degradability toward the end of the growing season. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measures showing no significant differences between steers or trials (P > 0.05). Overall degradability across all steers and times was 69.79%. Significant changes in dry matter disappearance across all steers were observed at 1, 12, and 24 h (P < 0.05) with values of 33.86, 64.78, and 74.26%, respectively, and highest observed degradability at 72 h (79.55%). Incubation times between 24 and 72 h were not used in determining rate of digestion as dry matter disappearances throughout these times were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Rate of digestion (kd) was determined, using linear regression, to be 1.68% ∙ h-1 along with a digestible fraction (Do) of 28.29% and indigestible fraction (U) of 22.03%. The results of this study reflect that kudzu maintains a relatively high level of rumen degradability toward seasonal senescence, making it a functional feedstock even into the cooler months.

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Preemergence Weed Control in Conventional-Till Corn (Zea mays) with RPA 201772

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00046054 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 471-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bryan G. Young ◽

Stephen E. Hart ◽

F. William Simmons

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Field Studies ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Weed Species ◽

Common Waterhemp ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Giant Foxtail

Field studies were conducted at Dekalb, Urbana, and Brownstown, IL, in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate corn (Zea mays) injury and weed control from preemergence applications of RPA 201772 alone and tank-mixed with metolachlor, atrazine, or both. No significant corn injury from RPA 201772 was observed at any time for all experiments. Giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) control at 60 days after treatment (DAT) was variable and ranged from 47 to 93% for RPA 201772 applied alone at 105 g ai/ ha. Giant foxtail control of at least 90% was observed by applying metolachlor at 1,120 g ai/ha with 105 g/ha RPA 201772. The addition of atrazine at either 1,120 or 1,680 g ai/ha improved control of giant foxtail compared with RPA 201772 applied alone at 105 g/ha in two of the six studies. RPA 201772 applied at 105 g/ha controlled at least 88% of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum), and smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus). RPA 201772 controlled 88% or less of common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium). Control of these three species was 92% or greater with RPA 201772 plus atrazine. Control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) was at least 96% with RPA 201772 applied alone at any rate in four of the six studies. However, common lambsquarters control was 68 and 77% for RPA 201772 applied alone at 105 g/ha at Urbana and Brownstown in 1997, respectively, where high common lambsquarters densities were prevalent. Under these conditions, the addition of atrazine to RPA 201772 at 105 g/ha improved control of common lambsquarters. RPA 201772 has excellent potential to provide consistent control of velvetleaf compared with atrazine. In contrast, these studies indicate RPA 201772 may provide inconsistent control of certain weed species in different environments. In order to achieve consistent control of a broad spectrum of weed species, RPA 201772 must be combined with other herbicides.

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