The Japanese Empire in East Asia and Its Postwar Legacy

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Reynolds ◽  
Harald Fuess
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Japanese Empire

In the Ruins of the Japanese Empire

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Second World War ◽  
New Order ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

The destruction of Japan’s empire in August 1945 under the military onslaught of the Allied Powers produced a powerful rupture in the histories of modern East Asia. Everywhere imperial ruins from Manchuria to Taiwan bore memoires of a great run of upheavals and wars which in turn produced revolutionary uprisings and civil wars from China to Korea. The end of global Second World War did not bring peace and stability to East Asia. Power did not simply change hands swiftly and smoothly. Rather the disintegration of Japan’s imperium inaugurated a era of unprecedented bloodletting, state destruction, state creation, and reinvention of international order. In the ruins of Japan’s New Order, legal anarchy, personal revenge, ethnic displacement, and nationalist resentments were the crucible for decades of violence. As the circuits of empire went into meltdown in 1945, questions over the continuity of state and law, ideologies and the troubled inheritance of the Japanese empire could no longer be suppressed. In the Ruins of the Japanese Empire takes a transnational lens to this period, concluding that we need to write the violence of empire’s end – and empire itself - back into the global history of East Asia’s Cold War.

The Forgotten Jihad under Japan: Muslim Reformism and the Promise of Indonesian Independence

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-161
Author(s):  
Michael Laffan
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Western Model ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
National Sentiment ◽  
National Hero

Abstract In this article I seek to make sense of the apparent contradiction of a call for jihad made under the auspices of the Japanese empire during its occupation of Java from March 1942 to September 1945. Why was Mas Mansur (1896–1946), the Indonesian religious figure and national hero who made the call, so supportive of the Japanese military administration? And why is this act so seldom remembered? As I hope to explain, Japan had already figured in the reformist Muslim imagination as a patriotic anti-western model for decades, creating a constituency that was initially open to Japanese overtures framed around mobilising national sentiment. Equally some Japanese advocates of southern expansion had thought about such framings while downplaying their preferred vision for a Greater East Asia that would not include an independent Indonesia. How this collaboration played out, with the Japanese eventually conceding ground on Islamic terms to gain national bodies, is a story worth retelling. In so doing I stress that Indonesia – lying at the intersection of pan-Islamic and pan-Asian imaginaries – should figure more prominently in global studies of Japanese policies regarding Islam in Asia or yet anti-Westernism in general.

scholarly journals HISTORIES OF MODERN MIGRATION IN EAST ASIA: STUDIES OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-195
Author(s):  
Noriaki Hoshino ◽  
Qian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
East Asia ◽  
English Language ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Heterogeneous Features

In recent historical studies of modern East Asia, the issue of migration has received increased scholarly attention. This article traces recent historiographical and methodological trends by analyzing influential English-language works on modern East Asian migrations in the first half of the twentieth century. Modern East Asian migrations during this period present dynamic and heterogeneous features as results of modern social transformations, such as the development of global capitalism, national and global economic integration, the emergence of new transportation and communication technology, and the expansion and collapse of the Japanese empire. Accordingly, the historical works on modern East Asian migrations we examine display a variety of historiographical and theoretical approaches. Specifically, this article underscores important trends or comparable emphases in these studies, including the growing scholarly interest in transnational/regional border crossing movements, migrants’ subject formations in the new environments, and the methodological interest in the role of culture, political economy, and the environment. Thus this article offers a reflective overview of the ongoing development of migration studies centering on modern East Asia.

From Chimera's Womb: The Manchukuo Bureaucracy and Its Legacy in East Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Rolf I. Siverson
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Authoritarian State ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
And Training

AbstractWithin the Japanese Empire, the Manchukuo bureaucracy was unique for its high level of centralization and standardization. This study argues that Manchukuo's bureaucratic recruitment and training processes molded civil officials into a paramilitary force, dedicated to developmentalism and a radical belief in the transformative power of the state. It approaches the institutional and cultural development of the Manchukuo bureaucracy as an evolutionary process. As pan-Asian radicals, military officials, and reform bureaucrats competed for control of Japan's imperial project, their ideas and agendas merged into a hybrid system of bureaucratic management that served as a model for the wartime empire. Looking past the temporal juncture of August 1945, this study also foregrounds the legacy of the Manchukuo bureaucracy on postwar East Asia. Manchukuo's government institutions recruited and indoctrinated not just Japanese but Korean, Taiwanese, and other imperial subjects in the name of ethnic harmony. Back in their homelands, these men adapted to their experience and training into the foundations of developmental nationalism and authoritarian state structures during the Cold War.

The office of the prefect apostolic, Clemente Fernandez, o.p. (1913–1920) in difficulties: analysis on Jean de Guébriant's report to Propaganda fide

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-413
Author(s):  
Tsung-ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spanish Missions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Catholic Mission

PurposeThe study discovers a crisis of authority and administration in Catholic mission of Taiwan during 1910 and 1920s. It aims to discover the reasons and the significance of the problem.Design/methodology/approachThe author works on the reports and correspondence of Jean de Guébriant, apostolic visitor of China missions in 1919–1920. He received some reports from the Dominican Prefect Apostolic of Formosa, Clemente Fernandez.FindingsThe author discovers a severe problem of authority brought about some conflicts between the Prefect Apostolic Clemente Fernandez, o.p. and some Dominican missionaries in the mission, conflicts reflecting ambiguous status of this prefecture apostolic with regard to not only the Dominican Provincia del Santo Rosario, headquarters of Dominican missions in East Asia, but also the Dominican apostolic vicariate of Southern Fujian in China, and even the Japanese Catholic church, because Taiwan had been conceded to the Japanese empire since 1895 until 1945.Research limitations/implicationsThe author has not yet consulted the archives in Propaganda Fide in Vatican circle and in Dominican archives. Still, some questions remain unanswered for lack of related archives. This study calls for further works in the future.Originality/valueVery few relevant studies are found on the Dominican mission in Taiwan during 1860–1949. This study reveals a serious problem on the structure of Catholic mission due to an unclear status of Taiwan. It reflects, in fact, the delicate situation in ecclesial and political aspects between China, Japan and Spanish missions in Manila, Philippines.

Europeans and Americans in Korea, 1882–1910: A Bourgeois and Translocal Community

Itinerario ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28
Author(s):  
Klaus Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Living Together

This article deals with the European and American community in Korea between the conclusion of Korea’s first international treaties in the early 1880s and the country’s annexation by the Japanese Empire in 1910. It begins by presenting an overview of the community. Concentrated in Seoul and Chemulp’o, the Anglo-Saxon element dominated a community made up of diplomats, foreign experts in the service of the Korean government, merchants and missionaries. Next, the article describes two key characteristics of the European and American residents in Korea. First, they were individuals who defined themselves as bourgeois, or middle-class; second, the term “translocality” serves to bring together the multiple layers of border-crossing these individuals were involved in—as long-distance migrants between Europe or North America and East Asia, as migrants within East Asia, and as representatives of different European and American nationalities living together in Korea.

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