Toward an Objective Evaluation of the Complexities of Soviet Social Reality under Stalin

Slavic Review ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Wheatcroft
Keyword(s):  
Secular Trend ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
International Comparative

John Komlos is one of the leading specialists on international comparative anthropometric history, and Steven L. Hoch is a leading specialist on the Russian peasantry. Their responses to my paper are a little disappointing, for they seem to have failed to grasp the main points of my argument and, despite my warnings, they have continued to view this problem from the standpoint of political interest. They both appear to be more concerned with condemning the Soviet system than with attempting to understand that system. My paper concluded by stating: “It is unfortunate that our academic debates are not used to confronting a complex situation in which secular improvements in welfare and mortality are accompanied by massive short-term crises in welfare and mortality. Instead of concentrating on the question, Who is to blame, we need to know more clearly What really happened? How large was the crisis? What factors were causing or moderating the secular trend?”

scholarly journals Appearance and Development of Short-Term Higher Education Vocational Training in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Barbara Máté-Szabó ◽  
Dorina Anna Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Comparative

Abstract Introduction: This article examines the first level of the European higher education system, namely the short-cycle higher education trainings related to the ISCED 5 whose Hungarian characteristics, and its historical changes were described. Methods: We examined participation rates among OECD countries. As there are large differences in the short-cycle higher education trainings in Europe, we have relied on data that makes the different systems comparable. Results and discussion: The interpretation, definition and practical orientation of the trainings varies from country to country, we presented the Hungarian form in connection with the results of international comparative studies and data. To understand the role of trainings, it is essential to get to know their history, especially because short-term higher educational trainings were transformed in several European countries. Conclusions: Prioritising or effacing the social-political role of short-cycle higher education trainings depending on the political orientation of the government and as a part of this, prioritising the disadvantaged regions instead of the disadvantaged students.

scholarly journals Results of the Timing Analyses of X-ray Pulsars Observed by Hakucho and Tenma

1987 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 200-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nagase
Keyword(s):  
Secular Trend ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Period Change ◽  
List Type ◽  
Pulse Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Corotation Radius ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Considerable Period

A dozen of X-ray pulsars have been observed with the Japanese X-ray astronomy satellites Hakucho and Tenma between 1979 and 1984. The obsetvations revealed remarkable pulse period changes both in disk-fed and wind-fed pulsars. From the histories of the pulse period changes so far measured, we are able to classify the X-ray pulsars into three categories: (1)Pulsars which exhibit a steady spin-up with a constant rate of period change (e.g., 4U 1626-67 and GX 1+4).(2)Disk-fed pulsars in which considerable period changes are superposed on the secular trend of spin-up (e.g., Her X-1 and Cen X-3).(3)Wind-fed pulsars whose pulse periods fluctuate randomly about the average pulse period on time scales from days to years (e.g., Vela X-1 and GX 301-2).Among the dozen X-ray pulsars observed by Hakucho and Tenma, Vela X-1 was most extensively studied. Timing studies of Vela X-1 revealed an episode of secular spin-down of the pulsar between 1979 and 1982, and large rates of short-term period fluctuations superimposed on the secular trend. Recent studies of the wind-fed pulsar suggest that the angular momentum transfer expected from the wind accretion is too small to account for the observed rates. Spectroscopic studies of Vela X-1 by Tenma observations provided a variety of phenomena related to the binary system and detailed properties of matter surrounding the system, especially using an iron emission line fluoresced thereby as a probe.Formation of a disk in the wind-fed pulsar is proposed to accommodate a variety of phenomena observed from Vela X-1. A disk is expected to be formed through the interaction of the spherically accreting matter with the rotating magnetosphere, under the assumption that the closed magnetosphere extends to the corotation radius. Application of this model to Vela X-1 requires a large magnetic moment of μ ≈ 1032 gauss cm3 (1013 ≲ B ≲ 1014 gauss, depending on the stellar parameters), but once the large value is accepted, this model fits well with the large rates of period change and phenomena which would otherwise be regarded as strange. If this model works for Vela X-1, it will be also applied to some of other wind-fed pulsars.

scholarly journals TV and teenagers in changing times

Comunicar ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
Michael Morgan ◽  
Tatiana Merlo-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
International Comparative Research ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Television Plays

Data collected from 1.000 adolescents in Argentina in 1986 extended U.S.A. and other international comparative research to show that television plays a major role in shaping young people's conceptions of social reality. The study examined television usage Investigaciones realizadas en Argentina y Estados Unidos muestran que la televisión influye de forma determinante en las concepciones de la realidad de los adolescentes. El estudio que se presenta analiza los usos y el visionado de la televisión en un amplio abanico de contextos familiares y sociales. Se centra en los roles que los medios han jugado en los procesos de transición a la democracia en Argentinam, cuando ésta superaba el período dictatorial, propiciando determinados estados de opinión favorables u hostiles a la institucionalización de la democracia.

EVALUATION OF GASTRIC CONDUIT BLOOD SUPPLY WITH FLUORESCENT ANGIOGRAPHY WITH INDOCYANINE GREEN AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR CANCER

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Vladimir Lyadov ◽  
S. Gamayunov ◽  
V. Karov ◽  
T. Eynullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Gastric Tube ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intraoperative Bleeding ◽  
Green Is ◽  
Esophagectomy For Cancer ◽  
Severe Grade

Anastomotic leak and conduit necrosis are severe complications after esophagectomy. Fluorescent angiography with indocyanine green provides an opportunity to objectively evaluate conduit perfusion and, potentially, reduce the number of leaks. Material and methods. We analyzed short-term outcomes of 26 esophagectomies performed with laser fluorescent evaluation of conduit perfusion. All patients had esophagogastic anastomosis, 14 in the neck, 12 in the pleural cavity. Conduit perfusion was assessed 30 sec after intravenous bolus injection of 6 mg of indocya-nine green with SPY2000 laser technology. The results were compared with short-term outcomes of 35 esophagectomies performed without fluorescent assessment of gastric tube perfusion. Results. There were 6 leaks or conduit necrosis in control group while in the ICG group there were only 2 leaks on the neck: 1 in a patient with a massive intraoperative bleeding and shock, 1 in a patient with severely compromised blood supply of the gastric tube tip according to ICG imaging. No cases of conduit necrosis were found, which led to significantly lower number of severe (grade III-V Dindo-Clavien) complications, p=0,033. Conclusion Laser fluorescent angiography with indocyanine green is a useful tool which affords an objective evaluation of gastric tube perfusion and, potentially, reduces the number of severe postoperative complications after esophagectomy.

scholarly journals Laparoscopic diaphragmatic plication for diaphragmatic paralysis and eventration: An objective evaluation of short-term and midterm results

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 1452-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn S. Groth ◽  
Natasha M. Rueth ◽  
Teri Kast ◽  
Jonathan D'Cunha ◽  
Rosemary F. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Diaphragmatic Paralysis ◽  
Midterm Results ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diaphragmatic Plication

scholarly journals Klepsydry z lat 1946–1949 — wyjątkowe świadectwo powojennych losów

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Marta Śleziak
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Library Collection ◽  
University Library ◽  
Post War

Obituaries 1945–1949 — valuable post-war period ephemeraThe article makes Polish obituaries from post-war period the centre of attention. Obituaries seem to be particularly important for researchers because of being a part of ephemera — items expected to have only short-term usefulness, that have never been analyzed by linguists. Thanks to Wroclaw University Library collection, it is possible to analyze the unique obituaries published in so-called Regained Territories in very post-war period. Firstly, there is an association with other popular funeral genre published in press discussed. Then, there are three aspects taken under consideration: structure of obituary composition, symbols, typical phrases, language stylistics, syntax, values, reference to political and social reality.

scholarly journals Possibility of Climatically Induced Variations in the 14C and 13C Enrichment Patterns as Recorded by a 300-Year-Old Norwegian Pine

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
D D Harkness ◽  
B F Miller
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Linear Coefficient ◽  
Natural Concentration ◽  
Latitudinal Dependence ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Summer Growth

The secular patterns of Δ and δ13C measured in wood cellulose are compared with a palaeotemperature index published for the immediate growth region. 14C enrichment shows an overall decrease of ca 20% (Δ) during the 18th and 19th centuries with shorter term (decade) variations superimposed on the general trend. Measured Δ values correlate significantly with the average mean summer temperatures and indicate a linear coefficient of ca − 10.2% °C–1. Short-term variations in the natural concentration of 14C which are closely related to climatic change may reflect the latitudinal dependence for atmospheric mixing.The secular trend in δ13C covers a range of 2% but variations of this magnitude reflect influences other than those directly associated with climatic change, eg, possible assimilation of recycled biospheric CO2 during early life and post AD 1850 anthropogenic effects. No evidence was found to suggest a significant correlation between δ13C and the mean atmospheric temperature during summer growth periods.

Laparoscopic diaphragm plication: An objective evaluation of short-term results

2008 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. S30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn S. Groth ◽  
Amy Klopp ◽  
Teri Kast ◽  
Jonathan D'Cunha ◽  
Hassan Tetteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Short Term
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