The Buhl Burial: A Paleoindian Woman from Southern Idaho

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Green ◽  
Bruce Cochran ◽  
Todd W. Fenton ◽  
James C. Woods ◽  
Gene L. Titmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
South Central ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
North American Indian ◽  
The Town

In January 1989 highway workers encountered human skeletal remains in a gravel quarry in south-central Idaho near the town of Buhl. Excavation revealed the remains of a young Paleoindian woman, 17–21 years of age at the time of death, with craniofacial attributes similar to other North American Indian and East Asian populations. She was buried in windblown and colluvial sediments immediately overlying Bonneville flood gravel. Grave goods include a large stemmed biface, an eyed needle, and a bone implement of unknown function. Isotopic analysis suggests a diet of meat and fish, including anadromous fish. Radiographs show numerous periods of dietary stress throughout the woman's childhood. AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) dating indicates an age of 10,675±95 B.P., and geomorphological studies verify this single radiocarbon date suggesting it is the burial's minimum age. Following Idaho State law, the skeleton was claimed by the Shoshone-Bannock tribes of Idaho and reburied.

scholarly journals Exploration of interethnic variation and repurposed drug efficacy in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Ali Almarzooq
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
South Central ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Dosage Guidelines ◽  
Treatment Safety ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 global pandemic has led to repurposing of drugs, with little underlying evidence for treatment safety and efficacy. This may increase complications for patients with acute viral respiratory infections. UGT1A1 and CYP2D6 enzymes are involved in the metabolism of atazanavir and fluvoxamine repurposed for COVID-19. This study aimed to elucidate the role of interethnic variation in these enzymes in the efficacy of repurposed drug therapies. A retrospective cohort of 101 Jordanian Arab samples were genotyped using Affymetrix DMET Plus Premier Package. Comprehensive global population genetic structure analyses were performed for CYP2D6 and UGT1A1 allele frequencies across multi-ethnic populations of over 131,000 global subjects from 417 published reports, revealing that Jordanian Arabs share the closest sequence homology to European and Near East populations. The East Asian populations have significantly over-representaiton of individuals with diplotype pairs for reduced atazanavir metabolism compared to the African populations and are more likely to show impaired UGT1A1 metabolism. East Asian populations are also 4.4x more likely to show impaired fluvoxamine metabolism than South Central Asian and Oceanian populations, and 8x more likely than other ancestry populations. The results here support previous findings that interethnic variation should be used for developing proper population-specific dosage guidelines.

scholarly journals The Sequence of Human Occupation in the Atacama Oases, Chile: A Radiocarbon Chronology Based on Human Skeletal Remains

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Torres-Rouff ◽  
Mark Hubbe
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
South Central ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
New Information ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Future Work

The San Pedro de Atacama oases have been permanently occupied since ca. 2500 B.P. and over this time developed a rich culture that was intertwined with social developments in the south-central Andes. However, despite decades of archaeological research, the region still lacks a strong chronological framework based on absolute dates. Here we present 53 new AMS 14C dates from osteological remains from San Pedro de Atacama, in order to contribute to an understanding of the Atacameño cultural sequence. These dates suggest that some cemeteries were occupied for long periods, frequently transcending cultural phases, and that in fact a number of cemeteries within the same ayllu were in use concurrently. We also show that, not surprisingly, population displacement through time primarily follows oscillations in the sources of water. The new information presented here suggests that future work in the region should emphasize detailed analyses that consider intra-ayllu variability, given that diversity within periods is masked by the uniform use of cultural phases to describe human development.

scholarly journals Weapon injuries in the crusader mass graves from a 13th century attack on the port city of Sidon (Lebanon)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256517
Author(s):  
Richard N. R. Mikulski ◽  
Holger Schutkowski ◽  
Martin J. Smith ◽  
Claude Doumet-Serhal ◽  
Piers D. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Port City ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
Blunt Force Trauma ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sharp Force ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Archaeological excavations close to St Louis’ castle in Sidon, Lebanon have revealed two mass grave deposits containing partially articulated and disarticulated human skeletal remains. A minimum of 25 male individuals have been recovered, with no females or young children. Radiocarbon dating of the human remains, a crusader coin, and the design of Frankish belt buckles strongly indicate they belong to a single event in the mid-13th century CE. The skeletal remains demonstrate a high prevalence of unhealed sharp force, penetrating force and blunt force trauma consistent with medieval weaponry. Higher numbers of wounds on the back of individuals than the front suggests some were attacked from behind, possibly as they fled. The concentration of blade wounds to the back of the neck of others would be compatible with execution by decapitation following their capture. Taphonomic changes indicate the skeletal remains were left exposed for some weeks prior to being collected together and re-deposited in the defensive ditch by a fortified gateway within the town wall. Charring on some bones provides evidence of burning of the bodies. The findings imply the systematic clearance of partially decomposed corpses following an attack on the city, where adult and teenage males died as a result of weapon related trauma. The skeletons date from the second half of the Crusader period, when Christian-held Sidon came under direct assault from both the Mamluk Sultanate (1253 CE) and the Ilkhanate Mongols (1260 CE). It is likely that those in the mass graves died during one of these assaults.

1188-P: Glycemic Efficacy of Sitagliptin in East Asian Populations: A Pooled Analysis

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1188-P
Author(s):  
JOAO M. CONCEICAO ◽  
CLAUDIO D. GONZALEZ ◽  
SAMUEL S. ENGEL ◽  
JONGHO AHN ◽  
SHIGERU TOKITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Asian Populations

Comparison of Two Methods for Isolating DNA from Human Skeletal Remains for STR Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 706-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Rucinski ◽  
Ayda L. Malaver ◽  
Emilio J. Yunis ◽  
Juan J. Yunis
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Str Analysis

Complications of Asian Double Eyelid Surgery: Prevention and Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 592-601
Author(s):  
Stephanie Ming Young ◽  
Yoon-Duck Kim
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Eyelid Surgery ◽  
Patient Dissatisfaction ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Double Eyelid

AbstractDouble eyelid surgery remains one of the most popular aesthetic surgeries, especially among East Asian populations. Complications related to double eyelid surgery can be divided into various categories: (1) patient dissatisfaction, (2) problems with the eyelid crease, (3) problems with the eyelid height, (4) suture-related complications, and (5) complications related to eyelid surgery in general. As with all eyelid surgeries, it is important to understand and appreciate the normal and abnormal function and anatomy of the Asian eyelid to reduce the risk of complications. It is also important to recognize the various complications and their underlying causes so that the surgeon can confidently revise the surgery to achieve optimal outcomes.

scholarly journals The elusive parasite: comparing macroscopic, immunological, and genomic approaches to identifying malaria in human skeletal remains from Sayala, Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvie Loufouma Mbouaka ◽  
Michelle Gamble ◽  
Christina Wurst ◽  
Heidi Yoko Jäger ◽  
Frank Maixner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Site ◽  
Capture Sequencing

AbstractAlthough malaria is one of the oldest and most widely distributed diseases affecting humans, identifying and characterizing its presence in ancient human remains continue to challenge researchers. We attempted to establish a reliable approach to detecting malaria in human skeletons using multiple avenues of analysis: macroscopic observations, rapid diagnostic tests, and shotgun-capture sequencing techniques, to identify pathological changes, Plasmodium antigens, and Plasmodium DNA, respectively. Bone and tooth samples from ten individuals who displayed skeletal lesions associated with anaemia, from a site in southern Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD), were selected. Plasmodium antigens were detected in five of the ten bone samples, and traces of Plasmodium aDNA were detected in six of the twenty bone and tooth samples. There was relatively good synchronicity between the biomolecular findings, despite not being able to authenticate the results. This study highlights the complexity and limitations in the conclusive identification of the Plasmodium parasite in ancient human skeletons. Limitations regarding antigen and aDNA preservation and the importance of sample selection are at the forefront of the search for malaria in the past. We confirm that, currently, palaeopathological changes such as cribra orbitalia are not enough to be certain of the presence of malaria. While biomolecular methods are likely the best chance for conclusive identification, we were unable to obtain results which correspond to the current authentication criteria of biomolecules. This study represents an important contribution in the refinement of biomolecular techniques used; also, it raises new insight regarding the consistency of combining several approaches in the identification of malaria in past populations.

scholarly journals Profiling of human burned bones: oxidising versus reducing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. M. Marques ◽  
D. Gonçalves ◽  
A. P. Mamede ◽  
T. Coutinho ◽  
E. Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inelastic Neutron Scattering ◽  
Inelastic Neutron ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Burned Bones ◽  
Vibrational Bands

AbstractComplementary optical and neutron-based vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron scattering) were applied to the study of human bones (femur and humerus) burned simultaneously under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions, in a wide range of temperatures (400 to 1000 °C). This is the first INS study of human skeletal remains heated in an oxygen-deprived atmosphere. Clear differences were observed between both types of samples, namely the absence of hydroxyapatite’s OH vibrational bands in bone burned anaerobically (in unsealed containers), coupled to the presence of cyanamide (NCNH2) and portlandite (Ca(OH)2) in these reductive conditions. These results are expected to allow a better understanding of the heat effect on bone´s constituents in distinct environmental settings, thus contributing for an accurate characterisation of both forensic and archaeological human skeletal remains found in distinct scenarios regarding oxygen availability.

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