Disposal of the Dead at Point of Pines, Arizona

1965 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Robinson ◽  
Roderick Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
New Method ◽  
The South ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
The North ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
The Dead

AbstractThe analysis of 975 burials indicates that the inhumations of the Point of Pines region conformed to the flexed Mogollon pattern prior to A.D. 1000. Subsequently, extended burials appeared concurrently with a complex of traits diffused from areas to the north. At the same time, cremation became established as a part of the mortuary complex as a result of contact with Hohokam peoples to the south. Additional evidence of this contact consists of Hohokam material culture items and a ball court. Ceremonial killing of the crematory vessels was extensively practiced and included a new method, notch-killing. The variability of forms and methods of disposal suggests rapidly changing patterns and alternatives in burial practices.

A gold diadem from Aegina

1987 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Reynold Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Middle Helladic ◽  
Dead Man ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Grave Goods

A recent discovery on the island of Aegina by Professor H. Walter (University of Salzburg) throws a new light on the origins of the so-called Aegina Treasure in the British Museum.In 1982 the Austrians were excavating the Bronze Age settlement on Cape Kolonna, to the north-west of Aegina town. Immediately to the east of the ruined Temple of Apollo, and close to the South Gate of the prehistoric Lower Town, they found an unrobbed shaft grave containing the burial of a warrior. The gravegoods (now exhibited in the splendid new Museum on the Kolonna site) included a bronze sword with a gold and ivory hilt, three bronze daggers, one with gold fittings, a bronze spear-head, arrowheads of obsidian, boar's tusks from a helmet, and fragments of a gold diadem (plate Va). The grave also contained Middle Minoan, Middle Cycladic, and Middle Helladic (Mattpainted) pottery. The pottery and the location of the grave in association with the ‘Ninth City’ combine to give a date for the burial of about 1700 BC; and the richness of the grave-goods would suggest that the dead man was a king.

Norton Hunters and Fisherfolk

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Dumond
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Coastal Resources ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The South ◽  
Alaska Peninsula ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Alaska

By the late centuries B.C., occupations assigned to Norton people are reported from a southern point on the Alaska Peninsula, then north and eastward along coastal areas to a point east of the present border with Canada. The relatively uniform material culture suggests origin from the north and west (pottery from Asia, chipped-stone artifacts from predecessors in northern Alaska), as well as from the south and east (lip ornaments or labrets, and pecked-stone lamps burning sea-mammal oil). In early centuries A.D., Norton people north and east of Bering Strait yielded to Asian-influenced peoples more strongly focused on coastal resources, while those south of the Strait collected in sites along salmon-rich streams where they developed with increasing sedentarism until about A.D. 1000, when final Thule-related expansion along coasts from the north displaced or incorporated Norton remnants.

scholarly journals BURIAL PRACTICES DURING THE LATE FORMATIVE/EARLY CLASSIC IN THE BANDERAS VALLEY AREA OF COASTAL WEST MEXICO

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Mountjoy ◽  
Mary K. Sandford
Keyword(s):  
Hispanic Population ◽  
The South ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
The North ◽  
West Mexico ◽  
Late Formative ◽  
Valley Area

In this article we report on the results of our attempts to locate and study shaft-and-chamber tombs in the Municipality of Puerto Vallarta on the southern (Jalisco) side of the Banderas Valley of coastal West Mexico and to place these tombs in the broader context of burial practices in this area during a time corresponding to the Late Preclassic and Early Classic of Mesoamerica. We located and studied nine sites where shaft-and-chamber tombs had reportedly been discovered and looted, but here we focus on three (El Reparito, El Pozo de Doña Amparo, and La Pedrera) where we were able to excavate un-looted as well as partially looted shaft-and-chamber tombs. In the process we obtained evidence of (1) the location and type of soil selected for the excavation of such tombs; (2) variation in the form and content of the shafts and tomb chambers; (3) the tools used for digging and the manner of sealing such tombs; (4) chronological placement of the tombs; (5) burial of infants, sub-adults, and adults in the chambers; (5) pathology in the pre-Hispanic population responsible for such tombs; (6) cremation of bodies and their curation for different periods of time before incineration; and (7) alternative forms of interment along with shaft-and-chamber tombs in the same cemetery. Also, the data obtained lend support for the idea that the Ameca River and the Banderas Valley formed a “soft frontier” at this time between fairly distinct pre-Hispanic cultural traditions found to the north and to the south of the river, an area in which there was some intermixing of these traditions.

The Eastern Baltic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Lang
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
South West ◽  
The Baltic

This chapter examines Iron Age funerary and domestic archaeological sites, and economic and cultural developments from c.500 BC–AD 550/600, in the east Baltic region (present day Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). While the early pre-Roman Iron Age was to some extent a continuation of the late Bronze Age in material culture terms, many changes took place in the late pre-Roman Iron Age. At the change of era, new cultural trends spread over the east Baltic region, from the south-eastern shore of the Baltic to south-west Finland, which produced a remarkable unification of material culture over this entire region up to the Migration period. Differences in burial practices and ceramics, however, indicate the existence of two distinct ethnic groups, Proto-Finnic in the northern part of the region and Proto-Baltic to the south. Subsistence was based principally on agriculture and stock rearing, with minor variations in the economic orientation of different areas.

The Neolithic Revolution in the North cA. 7/6000–2000 bce: Xinglongwa, Xinlei, Yangshao, Hongshan, and Related Cultures(Inequality/Social Complexity) in Neolithic Northern China

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-52
Author(s):  
Andrew Womack
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Neolithic Revolution ◽  
The North ◽  
Specialized Production

This chapter examines major shifts in material culture and social organization across four broad regions of what is today northern China. These include elements such as subsistence, habitation, craft production, mortuary practices, and exchange systems and the insights they provide on topics ranging from the formation of social hierarchies to specialized production to ritual traditions. Drawing on original Chinese publications, this chapter explores similarities and differences between each area during the Early, Middle, and Late Neolithic periods while also outlining specific elements that have been used to define various cultural traditions, such as pottery styles and burial practices. The resulting synthesis provides a snapshot of our current understanding of the Neolithic in northern China and its impact on the development of many aspects of Chinese civilization.

The forethought of Themistocles

1987 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Holladay
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Middle Helladic ◽  
Dead Man ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Grave Goods

A recent discovery on the island of Aegina by Professor H. Walter (University of Salzburg) throws a new light on the origins of the so-called Aegina Treasure in the British Museum.In 1982 the Austrians were excavating the Bronze Age settlement on Cape Kolonna, to the north-west of Aegina town. Immediately to the east of the ruined Temple of Apollo, and close to the South Gate of the prehistoric Lower Town, they found an unrobbed shaft grave containing the burial of a warrior. The gravegoods (now exhibited in the splendid new Museum on the Kolonna site) included a bronze sword with a gold and ivory hilt, three bronze daggers, one with gold fittings, a bronze spear-head, arrowheads of obsidian, boar's tusks from a helmet, and fragments of a gold diadem (plate Va). The grave also contained Middle Minoan, Middle Cycladic, and Middle Helladic (Mattpainted) pottery. The pottery and the location of the grave in association with the ‘Ninth City’ combine to give a date for the burial of about 1700 BC; and the richness of the grave-goods would suggest that the dead man was a king.

scholarly journals The Aboriginal Material Culture of the Wellesley Islands and Adjacent Mainland Coast, Gulf of Carpentaria: Social and Environmental Factors Affecting Variations in Style

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Best
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
The South ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Similarity And Difference

Similarities and differences in aspects of the culture of the Aboriginal people of the Wellesley Islands, has been noted by European writers. This remote island group is situated in the southern region of the Gulf of Carpentaria, northwest Queensland. Observed differences appear to demonstrate dissimilarities in certain cultural manifestations between the North Wellesley Islands (Mornington and Forsyth) and the South Wellesley Islands (Bentinck and Sweers). These include language, social organisation, land-use, ritual and ceremonial practices and manufactured objects of material culture. However, other cultural practices, namely an economy based on marine resources, are shared throughout the region. The data used here focus on items of portable material culture used by the people of the Wellesley Islands and the adjacent mainland coast at a time before intensified social disruptions to Aboriginal people in the area was brought about by increased European presence and by the establishment of missions in the region in the first quarter of the twentieth century. All items are from museum collections and were collected no later than 1916. Using a relational database, the morphological variations present in the objects are quantified and analysed. The study area is divided into three regional zones; the North Wellesley Islands, the South Wellesley Islands and the Adjacent Mainland Coast. In the region, four different languages are spoken and the data are also analysed by language group. The aim of the study is to determine whether quantifiable regional variation can be demonstrated. This article intentionally focuses narrowly on portable objects of material culture. For references to wider cultural aspects of the study area, see Roth (1897, 1901, 1903), Tindale (1977), Trigger (1987), Robins et al. (1998), Evans (2005), Memmott (2010), whose work has previously explored similarity and difference in the culture of the region as well as theoretical discussions of the reasons for these differences.

The Vignette of BD 32 in the Tomb of Karakhamun

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Molinero Polo ◽  
Margarida Redondo Vilanova
Keyword(s):  
Project Team ◽  
The South ◽  
Conservation Project ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
North Wall ◽  
Book Of The Dead

This chapter discusses the iconography of the vignette of BD 32 in the tomb of Karakhamun. One of the key objectives of the South Asasif Conservation Project team is to rebuild the walls of Karakhamun's tomb. This will allow secure analysis of the place of Karakhamun's Book of the Dead (BD) versions in the history of this composition. Devoting a closer look at the vignettes seems an appropriate way to further deepen knowledge about BD in the first part of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty. BD 32 occupies columns 48 to 403 of the north wall in the First Pillared Hall of Karakhamun's tomb. The chapter describes the spell and vignette of BD 32 in the tomb, along with the models of BD V31 and BD V32. It shows that models V31.6 and V32.6 became the illustration of their respective spells in the Saite recension.

General Geology

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Emery ◽  
David Neev
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Segment ◽  
Crystalline Crust ◽  
Major Fault ◽  
The Dead

The Dead Sea occupies a linear down-dropped region between two roughly parallel faults along the central segment of the major northsouth- trending crustal rift that extends about 1,100 km from the Red Sea through the Gulf of Elath to Turkey. This rift or geosuture separates the Arabian crustal sub-plate on the east from the Sinai one on the west. An origin as early as Precambrian is possible (Bender, 1974; Zilberfarb, 1978). Crystalline crust along the north-south trough of the Sinai sub-plate is about 40 km thick in contrast with a thickness of half as much above ridges along both flanks (Ginsburg and Gvirtzman, 1979). Toward the north the ridges appear to converge (Neev, Greenfield, and Hall, 1985). Since the Miocene period the Arabian plate has moved north about 105 km relative to the Sinai plate. This sort of crustal movement along either side of a rift is termed strike-slip faulting. One result of it was the opening of the Red Sea relative to the Gulf of Suez. The Dead Sea graben, a down-dropped block between two roughly parallel faults, occupies the central segment of the long crustal rift. The boundary between these is rather sharp along the east shore of the sea (Frieslander and Ben-Avraham, 1989). Actual post-Miocene movement was along not just a single major fault but was distributed among numerous sub-parallel faults that form a 100-km-wide belt in which movements were transferred from one fault to another (Eyal et al., 1981; Gilat and Honigstein, 1981). Recent movements have occurred along the south segment of the north-south-trending Arava fault south of the Amazyahu transverse fault (Zak and Freund, 1966). These strike-slip movements probably did not continue after Miocene along the main East fault of the Dead Sea, which is the north extension of the Arava wrench fault. In contrast, recent movements have been present along the north-northeast- trending Jordan or Dead Sea fault (Ben-Menahem et al., 1977, fig. 1). The movements extend south from east of Jericho in the north along the base of the west submarine slope of the sea and the elongate salt diapir of Mount Sedom as far as the Amazyahu fault in the south.

scholarly journals Burial practices of the population from the Konda River Basin in the Mesolithic and Neolithic Periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yuryevna Klementyeva ◽  
Andrey Albertovich Pogodin
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Special Respect ◽  
Mesolithic Burials

The paper is dedicated to burial practices of the Stone Age population that inhabited the territory of the North-West Siberia. The source base is represented by 14 complexes. The burial grounds and solitary graves are located on high slopes in the terrace conifer forest areas along the tributaries of the Konda River. The Mesolithic burials date back to the period starting from the 9th-8th millennium BC through the end of the 7th millennium BC, while the Neolithic can be traced starting from the 7th-6th millennium BC to the middle of the 4th millennium BC. The taiga hunters traditionally buried their deceased relatives in the ground. The burials tend to be clustered into linear groupings within the cemetery area. Solitary graves are found on the territory of apparently abandoned settlements near the foundation pits of houses or inside them. Two forms of burial were practiced: inhumation and cremation followed by the burial of burnt remains. Generally, the dead were buried in the extended position, i.e., lying flat with arms and legs straight. The bodies were covered with red ocher, wrapped or swaddled, and put into graves. A special type of Mesolithic burials was vertical burials, i.e., the dead were placed into a vertical shaft like pits. The cremated remains were buried in ocher graves. The burned bones were placed in the center of each pit. Solitary burials prevailed. Less common were paired and multi-tire graves. Children were buried in the same way as adults, the age range of the dead varied from 5-7 to 60 years. The deceased were buried together with stone tools, jewelry, fragments of dishes, funeral and memorial food. The burial things were prepared following a special ritual - the blades of stone adzes were sharpened, the pottery was broken. There are signs of special respect to the skulls of the dead. The traditional burial practices of the taiga population from the Konda River Basin remained the same throughout the Stone Age.

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