Norton Hunters and Fisherfolk

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Dumond
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Coastal Resources ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The South ◽  
Alaska Peninsula ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Alaska

By the late centuries B.C., occupations assigned to Norton people are reported from a southern point on the Alaska Peninsula, then north and eastward along coastal areas to a point east of the present border with Canada. The relatively uniform material culture suggests origin from the north and west (pottery from Asia, chipped-stone artifacts from predecessors in northern Alaska), as well as from the south and east (lip ornaments or labrets, and pecked-stone lamps burning sea-mammal oil). In early centuries A.D., Norton people north and east of Bering Strait yielded to Asian-influenced peoples more strongly focused on coastal resources, while those south of the Strait collected in sites along salmon-rich streams where they developed with increasing sedentarism until about A.D. 1000, when final Thule-related expansion along coasts from the north displaced or incorporated Norton remnants.

Greenland and the Future

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-299
Author(s):  
Jørgen Taagholt
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Future ◽  
East And West

About 4,000 years ago the first Eskimo tribes reached Northern Greenland after a migration taking some thousands of years from Asia via the Bering Strait, then along the North American coastal areas and over the Canadian Arctic archipelago. They settled primarily in the northernmost part of Greenland, where archaeological finds are the basis of our knowledge of their life. Subsequent waves of immigration resulted in settlements to the south, along Greenland's east and west coasts (Fig. 1).

Disposal of the Dead at Point of Pines, Arizona

1965 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Robinson ◽  
Roderick Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
New Method ◽  
The South ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
The North ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
The Dead

AbstractThe analysis of 975 burials indicates that the inhumations of the Point of Pines region conformed to the flexed Mogollon pattern prior to A.D. 1000. Subsequently, extended burials appeared concurrently with a complex of traits diffused from areas to the north. At the same time, cremation became established as a part of the mortuary complex as a result of contact with Hohokam peoples to the south. Additional evidence of this contact consists of Hohokam material culture items and a ball court. Ceremonial killing of the crematory vessels was extensively practiced and included a new method, notch-killing. The variability of forms and methods of disposal suggests rapidly changing patterns and alternatives in burial practices.

scholarly journals A Study of Chipped Stone Artifacts from the Redwine Site (41SM193), Smith County, Texas

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J. Shafer
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Surface Test ◽  
Rock Site ◽  
Lithic Artifacts ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Sabine River

This article presents a detailed analysis of chipped stone artifacts from the Redwine Site (41SM193), a Middle Caddo mound and village site located on the headwaters of Auburn Creek, a tributary of the Sabine River. The collection includes chipped stone recovered from the surface, test excavations, and arrow points associated with two adult burials. The site was investigated by avocational archeologist Sam Whiteside in the 1960s and more recently by Mark Walters and Patti Haskins under the direction of John Keller of Southern Archaeological Consultants. The investigations and material culture have been briefly described. This study is designed to take a closer look at the lithics with an emphasis on technological, material, contextual, and typological analyses of the lithic artifacts, and to compare the findings to the lithics at the nearby and possibly contemporaneous Leaning Rock site (41SM325). Archaeologists generally have not focused on Caddo lithic technology, and this class of material culture remains only cursorily studied. Rather, ceramics have received the vast amount of attention with little emphasis on other types of material culture. One reason for a lack of attention to lithics may be that East Texas generally lacks the resources from which well-crafted artifacts could have been made. Small chert cobbles or pebbles, and pebbles of orthoquartzite and silicified wood constitute the major sources for chipped stone. Lacking are outcrops of excellent chert (such as the Edwards Plateau) or novaculite (eastern Oklahoma and southwestern Arkansas). Artifacts of from these two sources are introduced into East Texas in finished form. Edwards chert and novaculite debitage found in East Texas sites is likely from recycling broken finished artifacts. When lithics are reported, they are generally relegated to brief descriptive treatments with an emphasis on artifact classification and raw material distribution. Detailed technological treatments are rare (for exceptions. It is preferable in archaeological studies to integrate all classes of material culture in analysis and interpretation to see what sets of material co-occur both functionally, technologically, stylistically, and symbolically. Rarely is this extended effort even attempted in archaeological studies in Texas, but until all surviving aspects of material culture are integrated and interpreted as a cultural whole and within the known context of Caddo culture and life way, only fragments of past cultures will be stressed with the risk of gross misinterpretation. While it is acknowledged that this study treats only a fragment of the material culture from the Redwine site, I will attempt to integrate the findings in such a way as to relate it to extant information from the site available to me from other sources. Another objective of this study is to examine the lithics from the Redwine site and compare them with the sample from the nearby Leaning Rock site. Both collections are assumed to be approximately the same age and may be from the same extended Middle Caddo community. I will specifically emphasize the technological styles of the formal tools and the implications of the debitage with regards to technology and raw material.

scholarly journals The Aboriginal Material Culture of the Wellesley Islands and Adjacent Mainland Coast, Gulf of Carpentaria: Social and Environmental Factors Affecting Variations in Style

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Best
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
The South ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Similarity And Difference

Similarities and differences in aspects of the culture of the Aboriginal people of the Wellesley Islands, has been noted by European writers. This remote island group is situated in the southern region of the Gulf of Carpentaria, northwest Queensland. Observed differences appear to demonstrate dissimilarities in certain cultural manifestations between the North Wellesley Islands (Mornington and Forsyth) and the South Wellesley Islands (Bentinck and Sweers). These include language, social organisation, land-use, ritual and ceremonial practices and manufactured objects of material culture. However, other cultural practices, namely an economy based on marine resources, are shared throughout the region. The data used here focus on items of portable material culture used by the people of the Wellesley Islands and the adjacent mainland coast at a time before intensified social disruptions to Aboriginal people in the area was brought about by increased European presence and by the establishment of missions in the region in the first quarter of the twentieth century. All items are from museum collections and were collected no later than 1916. Using a relational database, the morphological variations present in the objects are quantified and analysed. The study area is divided into three regional zones; the North Wellesley Islands, the South Wellesley Islands and the Adjacent Mainland Coast. In the region, four different languages are spoken and the data are also analysed by language group. The aim of the study is to determine whether quantifiable regional variation can be demonstrated. This article intentionally focuses narrowly on portable objects of material culture. For references to wider cultural aspects of the study area, see Roth (1897, 1901, 1903), Tindale (1977), Trigger (1987), Robins et al. (1998), Evans (2005), Memmott (2010), whose work has previously explored similarity and difference in the culture of the region as well as theoretical discussions of the reasons for these differences.

New Traces of an Inland Neolithic Culture in the Chukotsk (Chukchi) Peninsula

1959 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
A. P. Okladnikov ◽  
I. A. Nekrasov
Keyword(s):  
Chukchi Peninsula ◽  
The South ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
The North ◽  
Neolithic Culture

AbstractThe El'gytkhyn site consists of a cache of stone artifacts and a nearby campsite on the shores of Lake El'gytkhyn on the central Anadyr plateau. The cache contained some 50 artifacts, both knives and points made on large flake-blades and carefully retouched by pressure flaking, and blanks from which they were made. Similar points were found at the campsite along with scrapers and other tools, many retouched chips, prismatic nuclei, and the blades struck from them. Previously, similar artifacts had been found at the Amguema site about 300 km. to the east and the Chirovoe site about 100 km. to the south. The latter is a settlement with pottery as well as stone artifacts. The inland Neolithic culture is compared to the Caribou Eskimo and the Yukaghir, and the El'gytkhyn site is interpreted as the summer hunting camp of people following reindeer to the north from permanent winter villages like the Chirovoe site. The presence of blades removed from prismatic cores, retouched points and other artifacts, tools with graver facets, and pottery in both the Chukchi inland Neolithic and the Paleo-Eskimo cultures suggests movements from the Asiatic to the American Arctic by 4000 years ago.

scholarly journals Population status of the Madagascar Fish Eagle Haliaeetus vociferoides in 2005–2006

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILBERT RAZAFIMANJATO ◽  
THE SEING SAM ◽  
MARIUS RAKOTONDRATSIMA ◽  
LILY-ARISON RENE DE ROLAND ◽  
RUSSELL THORSTROM
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Population Status ◽  
The South ◽  
Single Adults ◽  
The North ◽  
Breeding Seasons

SummaryCoastal and inland surveys for the endemic and “Critically Endangered” Madagascar Fish Eagle Haliaeetus vociferoides were conducted in western Madagascar from Antsiranana in the north to Manja in the south during the 2005 and 2006 breeding seasons (May–October). Surveys covered typical Madagascar Fish Eagle habitat: lakes, rivers, mangroves, estuaries, and marine islands within their known distribution. In total, 287 individuals were encountered, including 98 breeding pairs (196 individuals), 23 breeding trios (69 individuals), 15 single adults and seven immature birds. Of these 287 birds, 128 individuals (44.6%) were observed on lakes; 116 (40.4%) in coastal areas, consisting of 103 (35.9%) in mangroves and 13 (4.5%) in estuaries; 32 (11.2%) on marine islands and 11 (3.8%) on rivers. There was an increase between surveys in 1995 and this study in the number of Madagascar Fish Eagles counted, from 222 to 287, and in the number of pairs from 99 to 121. This study confirms that the Madagascar Fish Eagle population is still low due to human persecution (hunting, collection of eggs and nestlings), overfishing and habitat destruction. We recommend monitoring fish eagles annually at the higher concentration sites to evaluate human activities and conducting a population survey every five years throughout western and northern Madagascar.

Hembury (Devon): Roman troops in a hillfort

Antiquity ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (224) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Todd
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Clear Weather

Hembury is chiefly noted as the site of a neolithic settlement and one of the finest hillforts of the Iron Age in the South-West (PL. XXIV & FIG. I ) . These prehistoric works lie at the southern tip of a long, narrow promontory extending southwards from the Greensand mass of the Blackdown Hills and overlooking the broad valleys of the Otter and the Culm. Beyond these to the west lies the Exe valley and further west still (and visible in clear weather) the Haldon ridge and the eastern tors of Dartmoor. Excavations by Miss D. M. Liddell (Liddell, 1930; 1931; 1932; 1935) between 1930 and 1935 revealed the significance of Hembury for the south-western Neolithic in particular, the material culture of the early neolithic settlement being plainly related to that of Windmill Hill. Miss Liddell's examination of the iron age fort was centred upon the two fine gates, on the western side and at the north-west angle. Little work was devoted to the interior except to trace the ditch of the neolithic causewayed enclosure and to explore the extreme southern tip of the promontory.

Josephus' “Cydasa of the Tyrians” (Tel Qedesh) in eastern Upper Galilee

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 387-405
Author(s):  
Roi Sabar
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Area North

Eastern Upper Galilee in the Roman period evidently housed two ethnic groups in an often hostile relationship (cf. Jos., BJ 3.35-40): in the north, a pagan population belonging to the chora of Tyre, which would have included Qedesh, and in the south a Jewish population. The two ethnic-based territories, which exhibit clear differences in their material culture, were separated by the deep ravine of Naḥal Dishon (wadi Hindaj). Other than urban temples, pagan temples, usually dated to the 2nd and 3rd c. A.D., are limited to the area north of Naḥal Dishon, while synagogues, which continued to be erected into the late-antique period, lie to its south. Qedesh lies 35 km southeast of the large metropolis of Tyre (fig. 1) across a rough mountainous area which made communication somewhat difficult.

Tiponi, or Corn Goddess Symbols

1944 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-448
Author(s):  
Charles H. Lange
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Among the less frequently encountered, yet widely distributed, items of material culture recovered in the Anasazi Province are tiponi, or Corn Goddess symbols.In the excavation of the Evans Site in the Gallina region of northern New Mexico three tiponi were found. Two, the largest and the smallest, were in the North House; the third was in the South House. All were of sandstone and were simply-fashioned cones, flat on one end and bluntly pointed on the other. Aside from their shape, no distinguishing features were discernible. The largest was 48 cm. in height and 20 cm. in basal diameter; the smallest was 18.4 cm. in height and 15.2 cm. in basal diameter.The tiponi found in the South House was one of a number of miscellaneous stones which had been used as fill in the bottom of the fireplace or had fallen into the pit.

scholarly journals Predicting the climatic risk of myrtle rust during its first year in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 332-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Beresford ◽  
Richard Turner ◽  
Andrew Tait ◽  
Vijay Paul ◽  
Gregor Macara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
First Year ◽  
The South ◽  
Myrtle Rust ◽  
The North ◽  
Weather Model ◽  
Austropuccinia Psidii

After the first detection of myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) on mainland New Zealand in May 2017, the Ministry for Primary Industries sought information about how weather conditions would affect regional and seasonal risk of disease establishment to help plan the incursion response. Using internationally published information, a pathogen-process model was developed to predict infection, latent period and sporulation in relation to weather variables (temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation). This Myrtle Rust Process Model (MRPM) was implemented by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited using numerical weather model data to produce weekly maps of potential risk. Predicted risk was greatest in northern North Island and decreased further south, but was still substantial in coastal areas of the north-western South Island during summer and autumn. Risk was low in southern coastal areas of the South Island and the lowest risk occurred in mountainous areas, particularly in the South Island. Retrospective analysis of surveillance data showed that the MRPM accurately predicted geographic risk and it is currently in use for tactical planning of incursion surveillance and organism management.  

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