Radiocarbon Dating of the Organic Portion of Ceramic and Wattle-and-Daub House Construction Materials of Low Carbon Content

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Taylor ◽  
Rainer Berger
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractRadiocarbon determinations on a series of low-carbon-content ceramic and wattle-and-daub samples were made to determine the validity of radiocarbon dates based on these types of sample materials. Good agreement between radiocarbon dates obtained from the ceramic samples and from charcoal samples stratigraphically associated with the ceramics suggests that radiocarbon dates obtained on low-carbon-content ceramic materials are reliable if appropriate precautions are observed. The confidence which can be placed on radiocarbon dates obtained on wattle-and-daub sample materials is, at present, somewhat less secure. Problems in the use of these sample materials are discussed.

Radiocarbon Dating of the Necropolis of the Early Christian Site of Son Peretó (Mallorca, Balearic Islands)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 399-410
Author(s):  
Miguel Á Cau ◽  
Mateu Riera Rullan ◽  
Magdalena Salas ◽  
Mark Van Strydonck
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Main Phase ◽  
The West ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Good Agreement

Radiocarbon dates, obtained from different human bones found in several tombs of the site of Son Peretó, are presented and discussed together with the stratigraphical evidence and the study of the material culture. The calibrated dates show that the tombs were built earlier than the main phase of occupation of the West Sector, therefore belonging to a necropolis linked to the Christian building prior to the transformation of the area into a habitation nucleus. The necropolis is14C dated mainly to the 6th century AD. This is in good agreement with the chronology provided by ceramic materials.

Radiocarbon Dating of the Necropolis of the Early Christian Site of Son Peretó (Mallorca, Balearic Islands)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Á Cau ◽  
Mateu Riera Rullan ◽  
Magdalena Salas ◽  
Mark Van Strydonck
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Main Phase ◽  
The West ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Good Agreement

Radiocarbon dates, obtained from different human bones found in several tombs of the site of Son Peretó, are presented and discussed together with the stratigraphical evidence and the study of the material culture. The calibrated dates show that the tombs were built earlier than the main phase of occupation of the West Sector, therefore belonging to a necropolis linked to the Christian building prior to the transformation of the area into a habitation nucleus. The necropolis is 14C dated mainly to the 6th century AD. This is in good agreement with the chronology provided by ceramic materials.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Iron Artifacts at the Erlangen AMS Facility

Radiocarbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Scharf ◽  
Wolfgang Kretschmer ◽  
Gerhard Morgenroth ◽  
Thomas Uhl ◽  
Karin Kritzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Iron Sample ◽  
First Results ◽  
Iron Artifacts

One problem in preparing iron for radiocarbon dating is the low carbon content which makes the sample size needed too large for some sample combustion systems. Also, the metallic character of the samples complicates sample combustion or oxidation. The Erlangen accelerator mass spectrometry group uses an elemental analyzer for the sample combustion, directly followed by a reduction facility. As the carbon content and sample size for iron samples are unsuitable for combustion in an elemental analyzer, 2 alternative approaches are to (a) avoid oxidation and reduction, or (b) extract the carbon from the iron, prior to combustion. Therefore, 2 different pathways were explored. One is direct sputtering of the unprocessed iron sample in the ion source. The other is the complete chemical extraction of carbon from the iron sample and dating of the carbonaceous residue. Also, different methods for cleaning samples and removing contamination were tested. In Erlangen, a Soxhlet extraction is employed for this purpose. Also, the sampling of the iron sample by drilling or cutting can be a source of contamination. Thus, the measurement of iron drill shavings yielded ages that were far too high. The first results for iron samples of known age from 2 archaeological sites in Germany are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals New Possibilities for 14C Measurements by Liquid Scintillation Counting

Radiocarbon ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Aravena ◽  
Robert R Drimmie ◽  
Riffat M Qureshi ◽  
Roger McNeely ◽  
Sandy Fabris
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Direct Absorption ◽  
Organic Solution ◽  
Good Agreement

Results of intercomparison tests are presented on samples analyzed using gas and liquid scintillation techniques to study the capability of the LKB Quantulus to count an organic solution used for direct absorption of CO2 and samples with low carbon content. Good agreement was obtained for small samples compared to standard sample size and for the direct absorption compared with the traditional techniques.

Numerical Analysis and Control of Gas Carburizing under Changes in Gas Compositions

2006 ◽  
Vol 522-523 ◽  
pp. 589-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujiro Yokoyama ◽  
Tomoyuji Mizukoshi ◽  
Itsuo Ishigami ◽  
Tateo Usui
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Potential ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Carburizing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Good Agreement

Low carbon steel, S15CK, was carburized at 1203K up to 12.93ks in a commercial furnace where RX gas converted from propane was employed as carrier gas. Gas compositions in the furnace were changed intentionally; consequently carbon potential changed from 0.8 to 1.2 mass%. The carbon content profiles were determined by a succession of grindings and carbon analyses of the ground surfaces with a vacuum type emission spectrometer. A mathematical model for calculation of carbon content profiles is proposed to describe carburizing behavior under time-variant gas compositions in a furnace. The calculated profiles were in good agreement with the experimental ones except the surface and its vicinity. This result indicates that the present model can be applied to gas carburizing in the furnace where gas compositions were changed.

The Influence of Calcination Temperature in Ni-Zn Ferrite Doped with Al3+

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polyana Tarciana Araújo Santos ◽  
J. Dantas ◽  
P.M.A.G. Araújo ◽  
P.T.A. Santos ◽  
A.C.F.M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Easy Magnetization ◽  
Zn Ferrite ◽  
Residual Nitrate

Ferrites are ceramic materials whose magnetic properties are very interesting used in various applications. This study evaluates the calcination on the characteristics of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe1.97Al0.3O4 ferrites synthesized by combustion reaction. The samples as synthesized and after calcination at 700 oC/1h in a muffle type furnace were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, magnetic measurements and determination of carbon content. The results showed the formation of the Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite phase for samples with and without calcination. The infrared spectra showed characteristic vibrations of HO and NO bonds, possibly attributed to the adsorbed water and residual nitrate. Morphologically there was the formation of soft agglomerates with interparticule porosity for both samples. The Ni-Zn ferrite doped with 0.3 mol of Al3+ showed superparamagnetic behavior without calcination and after calcination observing its behavior as a soft magnetic material (easy magnetization and demagnetization). Samples showed very low carbon content, indicating that urea used as a fuel was nearly completely consumed in the reaction and after calcination it wasnt observed the presence of carbon.

scholarly journals New AMS dates from the Sub-Neolithic sites in the Southern Buh area (Ukraine) and problems in the Buh-Dnister Culture chronology

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 216-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmytro Haskevych ◽  
Eiko Endo ◽  
Dai Kunikita ◽  
Olexandr Yanevich
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ceramic Paste ◽  
University Laboratory ◽  
Ams Dates

Ideas about the origin of the Buh-Dnister Culture under the influence of the Danube Early Neolithic were questioned by series of radiocarbon dates falling into the second half of the 7th millennium BC measured on bones at the Kyiv laboratory in 1998–2004. To start addressing this problem, 11 AMS dates on organic inclusions in the ceramic paste and charred residues on the surface of vessels were obtained at the Tokyo University laboratory. Apart from two heavily overestimated values, measured on samples with very low carbon content, they fall into the range of the 60th–46th century BC that correspond better to the primary views of this chronology. However, the issues of the time and direction of spreading of the first pottery in the region need further research.

Charcoal Concentration from Early Sites for Radiocarbon Dating

1955 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick R. Matson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
University Of Chicago ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
The World ◽  
State Museum ◽  
The University

Can Flecks of charcoal in soils and hearths be concentrated into a usable sample for radiocarbon dating? It is impracticable to ship large volumes of soil with low carbon content from distant sites, yet dating them may be most important. This question was informally discussed following the Wenner-Gren Conference on African Prehistory held at the University of Chicago in February, 1953, and as a result Robert J. Braidwood proposed that an experimental field laboratory be established that summer at an excavation where water and electricity were available if needed. The Department of Anthropology of the University of Chicago and the Illinois State Museum were sponsoring the excavation of a rock shelter near Modoc, Illinois, and I was invited to conduct experiments there, trying out any technics that I wished. It was hoped that these experiments would result in establishing a simple procedure that could be used in many parts of the world for procuring radiocarbon samples.

scholarly journals New AMS dates from the Sub-Neolithic sites in the Southern Buh area (Ukraine) and problems in the Buh-Dnister Culture chronology

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 216-245
Author(s):  
Dmytro Haskevych ◽  
Eiko Endo ◽  
Dai Kunikita ◽  
Olexandr Yanevich
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ceramic Paste ◽  
University Laboratory ◽  
Ams Dates

Ideas about the origin of the Buh-Dnister Culture under the influence of the Danube Early Neolithic were questioned by series of radiocarbon dates falling into the second half of the 7th millennium BC measured on bones at the Kyiv laboratory in 1998–2004. To start addressing this problem, 11 AMS dates on organic inclusions in the ceramic paste and charred residues on the surface of vessels were obtained at the Tokyo University laboratory. Apart from two heavily overestimated values, measured on samples with very low carbon content, they fall into the range of the 60th–46th century BC that correspond better to the primary views of this chronology. However, the issues of the time and direction of spreading of the first pottery in the region need further research.

EASTERN STAINLESS TYPE 316L

Alloy Digest ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Type 316L ◽  
Molybdenum Steel

Abstract EASTERN STAINLESS Type 316L is a chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel with a very low carbon content (0.03 max.) Its general resistance to corrosion is similar to AISI Type 316 but, because of its low carbon content, it has superior resistance to the formation of harmful carbides that contribute to intergranular corrosion. Type 316L is used widely in many industries such as chemical, food, paper, textile, nuclear and oil. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-439. Producer or source: Eastern Stainless Steel Company.

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