Early Years of the Republic from the End of the Revolution to the First Administration of Washington (1783-1793)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Howard A. Ohline ◽  
Herbert Aptheker
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Revolution

1660–1688

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Harris
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
The Revolution

The first chapter traces the friendship of Godolphin and Marlborough from their early years at the Restoration court, through the Exclusion crisis until the Revolution of 1688. Both marry for love at a time when many men with no inherited fortune regard wives and families as encumbrances they cannot afford, but Margaret Godolphin dies early in childbirth. They share a diplomatic mission to William of Orange in 1678, and afterwards their friendship enables them to work in different ways towards his intervention to defeat the Catholicizing policies of James II, so that England can participate in a European alliance against the expansionism of Louis XIV. When James flees to France in 1688 both Churchill and Godolphin accept William and Mary as de facto monarchs, though their strongest loyalties are to Mary’s sister Anne, with whom Sarah Churchill has become a favourite.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-240
Author(s):  
Ian Coller
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Revolution

This concluding chapter reveals that the question of Muslim citizenship and the role of Islam in the republic arose out of the Revolution itself. In short, it did not arise belatedly as a result of colonial and postcolonial Muslim migration to the metropole. Moreover, the results of that consideration can reveal much about the Revolution and its principles. The citizenship of Muslims was not only a contingent possibility but a necessary condition for liberty, equality, and fraternity to be universal principles rather than merely national ones. At the same time, at the heart of the Revolution, until the rupture of its principles in 1798, the Muslim path to citizenship had become a routine process, greeted with the indifference proper to a society of equals, leaving few traces, and for this reason there is no way to know with any exactitude how many individuals followed this path.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Educational Music in Turkey Based on Composers’ Opinions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Hatice Celiktas ◽  
Sezen Ozeke
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Harmonic Structure ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Essential Skills ◽  
The Republic

There are various studies concerning the present situation of the phenomenon of educational music, which dates back to the early years of the Republic i.e. which emerged 90 years ago, the problems in the area, and solutions to these problems as well as the concept of “educational music” which is used to define the songs that are part of music education. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the area of educational music based on composers’ opinions, in other words, on the opinions of the creators of the subject music, and to determine the present situation of the area in the light of these evaluations. For these purposes, 7 composers, all of whom had contributed to educational music, were interviewed. The resultant data were analyzed under three themes by means of content analysis. The themes were the concept of educational music, educational music compositions and educational music composing. As a result, composers indicated that songs composed as educational music pieces should have a content that children can relate to. They also said that music teachers and prospective music teachers who had the ability to compose should engage in the composition of educational music. According to composers, in order for songs to be of good musical quality; easy and catchy melodies and lyrics, prosody, melodic sequence, harmonic structure and form components were important. Composers also expressed their opinions regarding “the points to be considered and the method to be followed in the process of composition”, “essential skills and knowledge in addition to the ability to compose”, and “types of music preferred in compositions”. In addition to this research, further studies, which take opinions of music teachers, who are the appliers of educational music, and those of students, who are the receivers and consumers of educational music, into account, can be undertaken so as to be able to evaluate the area of educational music from different perspectives.

scholarly journals Le calendrier révolutionnaire de 1793 ou les quatre saisons de la République

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Paweł Matyaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
New Order ◽  
Natural Cycle ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Universe ◽  
New Time ◽  
The Revolution

The authors of the revolutionary calendar, in particular Gilbert Romme and Fabre d’Églantine not only want to put the past behind by implicating a new time and new order but also try to prove the relation between history and nature using the example of the events of the Revolution and their compliance with the laws of the universe. They introduce an innovative nomenclature in order to specify the names of particular days and months but they do not change the natural four-season model of division. The goal of the presented idea is to enrich the natural cycle with a new content expressing the spirit and the objectives of the Republic while following the laws of nature.

Political, Military, and Cultural Memoirs in Vietnamese

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Tuan Hoang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
First Republic ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ngo Dinh Diem

This chapter discusses how historians view the values and limitations of personal memoirs. It also reviews some of the most important memoirs written in the Vietnamese language by former government and civil society leaders of the Republic of Vietnam (RVN). These memoirs have been published in the United States for many years, but scholars have hardly used them. This chapter's review helps not only to provide a broader context for the testimonies in this volume but also to draw out the major themes in those memoirs that parallel the discussion on the challenges facing nation-building efforts in the republic. These themes include communist violence that explains the harsh anticommunist policies in the early years of Ngô Đình Diệm, contested views of the First Republic, and a generally more positive assessment of the Second Republic. The bourgeois values embraced by the RVN, the chapter points out, drew support from many Vietnamese at the time and are a source of nostalgia for many in Vietnam today.

State approaches to non-state interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Y. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

The chapter focuses on cross-border relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Xinjiang-Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, examining the attempts of respective states to intervene in and/or co-opt long-established traditions of transborder flows. Despite having existed on opposite sides of closely guarded borders for most of the 20th century, the two adjoining regions managed to keep alive long-established traditions of cross-border interactions thanks to shared ethnic, cultural, and linguistic features. The frontier societies there today have lived through multiple challenges – the indiscriminate border policy of the Soviet era on Kazakhstan’s side and the tumultuous early years of socialist China engendered exoduses of people across semi-controlled borders. Almost all official interactions stopped until the 1990s when new challenges and opportunities presented themselves and, with them, the revival of informal cross-border exchanges and states’ attempts to co-opt and control them.

scholarly journals Jesuits in the North American Colonies and the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-112
Author(s):  
Catherine O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Colonial New England ◽  
American Society ◽  
British Colonies

Abstract From Eusebio Kino to Daniel Berrigan, and from colonial New England to contemporary Seattle, Jesuits have built and disrupted institutions in ways that have fundamentally shaped the Catholic Church and American society. As Catherine O’Donnell demonstrates, Jesuits in French, Spanish, and British colonies were both evangelists and agents of empire. John Carroll envisioned an American church integrated with Protestant neighbors during the early years of the republic; nineteenth-century Jesuits, many of them immigrants, rejected Carroll’s ethos and created a distinct Catholic infrastructure of schools, colleges, and allegiances. The twentieth century involved Jesuits first in American war efforts and papal critiques of modernity, and then (in accord with the leadership of John Courtney Murray and Pedro Arrupe) in a rethinking of their relationship to modernity, to other faiths, and to earthly injustice. O’Donnell’s narrative concludes with a brief discussion of Jesuits’ declining numbers, as well as their response to their slaveholding past and involvement in clerical sexual abuse.

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