The Study of Chinese Foreign Policy: Problems and Prospect

1994 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Empirical Validity ◽  
Narrow Focus ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
State Of The Field

This article examines the state of the field in the Western study of Chinese foreign policy. After briefly surveying the earlier generations of scholarship, it critiques the current narrow focus and apolitical tendency in studying Chinese foreign policy-making institutions and perceptions of foreign policy makers and specialists. The author argues for a more balanced and more comprehensive approach that combines analytical vigor and empirical validity.

Policy analysis by academics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen Brans ◽  
David Aubin ◽  
Valérie Smet
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Structural Interfaces ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
The Impact

Through their policy relevant research outputs and integration in policy networks, Belgian academics ‘speak truth to power’ (Wildavsky 1979) or ‘make sense together’ (Hoppe 1999) in political and public debates about policy problems and options. At the turn of the millennium, the federal and regional governments have moved to institutionalizing policy relevant research in what are called interuniversity research pillars, and middle to long term research programmes, thematically organised along the priorities decided by the respective governments. Next to these structural interfaces, there are other access points for academics to bring their expertise to policy-making. Sectoral academic experts maintain multiple relationships with knowledge brokers. They are welcome guests in opinion sections of the written and spoken media and hold positions in the strategic advisory bodies of different governments. Several of them are also active in think tanks, or act themselves as consultants in commercial university spin-offs. This chapter analyses the structural and individual access of academics to policy-making in Belgium. The empirical material is based upon documents analysis and budget information, on a study of knowledge utilisation in labour market and education policies in Belgium, and on a recent survey on the impact of social science research on Flemish policy-makers.

What Is Meaningful Participation for Older People? An Analysis of Aging Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovely Dizon ◽  
Janine Wiles ◽  
Roshini Peiris-John
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Policy Problems

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe language used to construct policy problems influences the solutions created. Recent aging policies emphasize participation as essential to aging well, encouraging independence and active involvement in all aspects of life. However, it is less clear whether participation in the creation of policies or in policy goals and aspirations is meaningful. This article addresses the question: “How is meaningful participation reflected and enabled in policy?”Research Design and MethodsEleven global, national, and local policies were purposively selected and analyzed using thematic and discourse analysis.ResultsPolicies framed population aging as a challenge and active aging as a value as or part of the policy-making process, participation is enabled (or not) through the types of participation encouraged by policy makers and the kinds of participation used to engage with older people.Discussion and ImplicationsOur analysis identifies a strong pattern of discourses regarding individual responsibility to age well; underlying tensions between productive and passive participation; and tensions inherent to the concept of consultation. Implications include the need for those in the consultative phase of policy making to engage with diverse older people and to use participatory methods to explore what meaningful participation means for older people themselves.

Chinese Civilian Foreign Policy Research Institutes: Evolving Roles and Increasing Influence

2002 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 597-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie S. Glaser ◽  
Phillip C. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Policy Making Process

A more pragmatic Chinese foreign policy and a more bureaucratic policy-making process have increased the opportunities for China's civilian research institutes to affect foreign policy. Beijing's growing involvement in the international community has created increased demand for research and analysis to aid Chinese leaders in making informed decisions. A more pluralistic and competitive policy environment has given analysts at think tanks more influence, but has also created new competition from analysts and authors working outside the traditional research institute system. This article examines the evolving role of Chinese civilian foreign policy research institutes, their relationships to policy makers, and the pathways through which they provide input into Chinese foreign policy formulation. It provides an overview of the key civilian research institutes, identifies important trends affecting them, and examines the roles and functions they play. The article concludes with an assessment of sources of policy influence within the Chinese foreign policy process.

Afghanistan’s decentralised regional foreign policy

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Antonio Giustozzi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
State Monopoly ◽  
State Organizations

Afghanistan's lack of a state monopoly of violence reflects on its foreign policy in a number of ways. First, various non-state organizations developing their own relations with foreign countries. Second, enforcing coherent policy making within the institutions of the Afghan state itself has been sometimes problematic as officials could rely on the patronage of organizations external to the state to delay the implementation of official policies. This article discusses the cases of Afghan foreign policy towards Pakistan, India, China and Iran.

scholarly journals Muers, Stephen (2020). Culture and Values at the Heart of Policy Making. An Insider's Guide. Bristol: Policy Press.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2021) ◽  
pp. 232-234
Author(s):  
Werner Jann
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
Blind Spots ◽  
Administration Programs

This book is a forceful and entertaining argument why culture and values should be taken much more seriously, both by policy makers, but also in the curricula of modern Public Policy and Public Administration programs. The author is not a fundamental sceptic of managerial politics and administration, but he shows the inherent limits, contradictions, and blind spots of this kind of policy making. He succeeds particularly well because he can draw on many years of experience as a civil servant in different British ministries, in the Cabinet Office and the Prime Minister's Strategy Unit. The book adds little to the conceptual and theoretical discussions of cultural factors in policy making, but it does provide many interesting examples of their significance and why it is dangerous to ignore them. It should be read by students in advanced public policy and public administration programs, who should find it helpful to see the technical solutions to all sorts of policy problems in a somewhat more realistic light.

Faith-based Diplomacy: Conservative Evangelicals and the United States Military

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Marsden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New School ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Civilian Leadership ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
Religious Actors

AbstractReligion is becoming an increasingly important factor for theorists and policy makers alike in the consideration of United States foreign policy. In recent years a new school of faith-based diplomacy advocacy has emerged and begun to resonate with foreign policy practitioners. This article examines the efficacy of such faith-based approaches to foreign policy problems with a religious component and argues that such an approach is inherently flawed. The article argues that a combination of a distinct military culture, which feels itself morally superior to its civilian leadership and the activism of conservative evangelicals in the chaplaincy and military leadership makes such faith-based approaches unrealistic. While acknowledging a role for pluralist religious actors in foreign policy the article rejects a faith-based advocacy approach which can exacerbate rather than resolve foreign policy problems.

From Lin Biao to Deng Xiaoping: Elite Instability and China's U.S. Policy

1989 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 265-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
Leadership Turnover

In the field of Chinese foreign policy, the debate continues over the importance of domestic and international factors in policy–making. Scholars arguing in favour of the special importance of domestic politics in the formulation of policy point to the existence of elite differences over foreign policy and contend that the shifting fortunes of individual leaders and the leadership turnover associated with succession politics can significantly shape China's security policy. Other scholars stress the importance of such international factors as shifting global balances of power, changing alliance patterns, and relative bargaining strengths in Beijing's foreign policy.

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