Radiation-Induced Taste Aversion: Effects of Radiation Exposure Level and the Exposure-Taste Interval

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. Spector ◽  
James C. Smith ◽  
Glee R. Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Radiation Changes

2019 ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
Stephen Thomas ◽  
Stephanie McCann
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Bone Neoplasms ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Chapter 64 discusses radiation changes. Radiation has long been used to treat soft tissue and bone neoplasms. In many instances, radiation can cause changes in the bones and soft tissues that are recognizable on imaging studies and should not be mistaken for aggressive processes. The effects of radiation may vary based on whether the patient is skeletally mature at the time of exposure. Some patients with prior radiation exposure are at risk for developing benign and malignant neoplasms. This chapter discusses the effects of radiation on the skeletal system, noting different effects based on skeletal maturity, as well as mentioning some of the radiation-induced neoplasms.

Metaphase-Based Cytogenetic Approach Identifies Radiation-Induced Chromosome and Chromatid Aberrations in Zebrafish Embryos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halida Thanveer Asana Marican ◽  
Hongyuan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Radiation Induced

Metaphase-based cytogenetic methods based on scoring of chromosome aberrations for the estimation of the radiation dose received provide a powerful approach for evaluating the associated risk upon radiation exposure and form the bulk of our current knowledge of radiation-induced chromosome damages. They mainly rely on inducing quiescent peripheral lymphocytes into proliferation and blocking them at metaphases to quantify the damages at the chromosome level. However, human organs and tissues demonstrate various sensitivity towards radiation and within them, self-proliferating progenitor/stem cells are believed to be the most sensitive populations. The radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in these cells remain largely unknown, especially in the context of an intact living organism. Zebrafish is an ideal animal model for research into this aspect due to their small size and the large quantities of progenitor cells present during the embryonic stages. In this study, we employ a novel metaphase-based cytogenetic approach on zebrafish embryos and demonstrate that chromosome-type and chromatid-type aberrations could be identified in progenitor cells at different cell-cycle stages at the point of radiation exposure. Our work positions zebrafish at the forefront as a useful animal model for studying radiation-induced chromosome structural changes in vivo.

Changes in the Cortex Neurons in Single and Fractional Gamma Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
I. Ushakov ◽  
Vladimir Fyodorov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fractionated Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: Comparative assessment of radiation-induced changes in neurons of the cerebral cortex after a single and fractionated exposure to ionizing radiation in doses of 0.1 – 1.0 Gy. Material and methods. The study was carried out in compliance with the rules of bioethics on 180 white outbred male rats at the age of 4 months. by the beginning of the experiment, exposed to a single or fractionated exposure to γ-quanta of 60Co in total doses of 0.1; 0.2; 0.5 and 1.0 Gy. Neuromorphological and histochemical methods were used to assess morphometric and tinctorial parameters of nerve cells, as well as changes in the content of protein and nucleic acids in neurons in the early and late periods of the post-radiation period. Using one-way analysis of variance, a comparative assessment of neuromorphological indicators under various modes of radiation exposure is given. Results: In the control and irradiated animals throughout their life, undulating changes in the indicators of the state of the neurons of the brain occur with a gradual decrease by the end of the experiment. Despite a number of features of the dynamics of neuromorphological parameters, these irradiation regimes do not cause functionally significant changes in the neurons of the cortex. However, in some periods of the post-radiation period, the changes under the studied irradiation regimes were multidirectional and did not always correspond to age control. Significant differences in the response of neurons to these modes of radiation exposure in the sensory and motor areas of the cerebral cortex have not been established. Conclusion: No functionally significant radiation-induced changes in neurons were found either with single or fractionated irradiation. At the same time, different modes of irradiation in general caused the same type of changes in neurons. However, in some periods of observation, changes in neuromorphological parameters under the studied irradiation regimes were not unidirectional and differed from age control, which indicates a possible risk of disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system against the background of other harmful and dangerous factors.

scholarly journals Optimizing Protective Clothing Design for Hot Outdoor Environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Uwe Reischl ◽  
Gang Sun ◽  
Qazaleh Bahramian ◽  
Zhu Qing Xue
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Clothing Design ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Transfer Properties

Thermal manikin tests were performed on selected protective garments to assess their heat transfer properties during exposure to infrared heat radiation. Comparing a newly developed Infrared (IR) Heat Radiation attenuatuion vest with a standard winter jacket, it could be seen that that the IR Vest provided a thermal comfort benefit above a heat radiation exposure level of 150 Watts while the winter jacket provided a thermal benefit above a 450 Watt heat radiation exposure level. The study identified important temperature cross-over points which define the thermodynamic properties and also characterize the heat radiation attenuation and heat insulation properties of garments. The evaluation method is seen as a new design tool for optimizing garment comfort and safety.

Response to Bieko re: Risk of Radiation-Induced Cataracts: Investigation of Radiation Exposure to the Eye Lens During Endourological Procedures

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 905-906
Author(s):  
Florian Distler ◽  
Josefin Hartmann ◽  
Sascha Pahernik ◽  
Michael Wucherer
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Radiation Induced

Oral Sequelae of Head and Neck Radiotherapy

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vissink ◽  
J. Jansma ◽  
F.K.L. Spijkervet ◽  
F.R. Burlage ◽  
R.P. Coppes
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Radiation Caries ◽  
Temporomandibular Joints ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Induced Changes

In addition to anti-tumor effects, ionizing radiation causes damage in normal tissues located in the radiation portals. Oral complications of radiotherapy in the head and neck region are the result of the deleterious effects of radiation on, e.g., salivary glands, oral mucosa, bone, dentition, masticatory musculature, and temporomandibular joints. The clinical consequences of radiotherapy include mucositis, hyposalivation, taste loss, osteoradionecrosis, radiation caries, and trismus. Mucositis and taste loss are reversible consequences that usually subside early post-irradiation, while hyposalivation is normally irreversible. Furthermore, the risk of developing radiation caries and osteoradionecrosis is a life-long threat. All these consequences form a heavy burden for the patients and have a tremendous impact on their quality of life during and after radiotherapy. In this review, the radiation-induced changes in healthy oral tissues and the resulting clinical consequences are discussed.

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