Time Saving in the Preparation of Corn Meal Agar and in the Identification of Yeast-like Fungi

Mycologia ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Corn Meal ◽  
Corn Meal Agar ◽  
Time Saving

DURANDIELLA PSEUDOTSUGAE N. SP.; TAXONOMY, CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS, LIFE HISTORY, AND HOST RESPONSE

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Funk
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Corn Meal Agar ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Infected Area ◽  
A New Species

The perfect state of Chondropodium pseudotsugae White is shown to be a new species of Durandiella, for which the name D. pseudotsugae is proposed. Maximum growth in culture is obtained on corn meal agar at 15 °C. Apothecia are produced in the spring; the ascospores are forcibly discharged; pycnidia persist throughout the summer and discharge spores only when moistened. The host response of Douglas fir is the production of a "button" of persistent secondary periderm beneath the infected area.

Resistance of chlamydospores of nematophagous fungi to the digestive processes of sheep in Mexico

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Llerandi-Juárez ◽  
P. Mendoza-de Gives
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Corn Meal Agar ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Oral Inoculation ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Mexican Isolate ◽  
Digestive Processes

AbstractFollowing oral administration to sheep, chlamydospores of a Mexican isolate of Duddingtonia flagrans (FTHO-8) survived passage through the digestive tract and subsequently grew on corn meal agar plates. The fungus was able to catch and destroy free-living nematodes and third-stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus added to these plates. Chlamydospores of Arthrobotrys sp. showed a poor resistance to the digestive processes of sheep, although conidia of A. superba survived following oral inoculation in one of two animals.

Ceratorhiza pernacatena and Epulorhiza calendulina spp.nov.: mycorrhizal fungi of terrestrial orchids

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1981-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla D. Zelmer ◽  
R. S. Currah
Keyword(s):  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Corn Meal Agar ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Platanthera Praeclara ◽  
Branched Chains

Two new species of fungi mycorrhizal with terrestrial orchids native to the Canadian prairies are described and illustrated. Ceratorhiza pernacatena sp.nov., from mycorrhizas of Platanthera praeclara, produces globose monilioid cells linked by narrow, tubular, connections that contain the septum between adjacent cells. Hyphae are binucleate, 5–7 μm in width, regularly septate with perforate parenthesomes. Cellulase is produced, but polyphenol oxidase production is low to absent. Epulorhiza calendulina sp.nov., from mycorrhizas of Amerorchis rotundifolia, is distinguished from other Epulorhiza species by the orange to ochre colour of colonies on potato dextrose agar. On corn meal agar, clavate to irregular monilioid cells are produced in short, branched, chains arising from lateral hyphal branches. Runner hyphae are binucleate, 3.0–4.7 μm in width, regularly septate, with flattened, imperforate parenthesomes. Polyphenol oxidase production is lacking, but cellulase is produced. Key words: orchid mycorrhizas, Amerorchis rotundifolia, Platanthera praeclara, Rhizoctonia.

scholarly journals Zoosporogênese in vitro entre isolados do oomiceto Pythium insidiosum

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira ◽  
Janio Morais Santurio ◽  
Sydney Hartz Alves ◽  
Juliana Siqueira Argenta ◽  
Ayrton Sydnei Cavalheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Meal ◽  
Corn Meal Agar ◽  
Pythium Insidiosum

Pythium insidiosum é um oomiceto aquático, responsável pela etiologia da pitiose, uma enfermidade crônica, observada freqüentemente em eqüinos. A produção de zoósporos móveis por este microrganismo se constitui no fator determinante da ocorrência da enfermidade. Este estudo avaliou a zoosporogênese e quantificou a produção de zoósporos de 32 amostras de Pythium insidiosum isoladas de eqüinos naturalmente infectados. Pythium insidiosum foi cultivado em meio Corn Meal Agar acrescido de fragmentos de grama, durante 5 dias, a 37°C. Posteriormente, os fragmentos de grama parasitados foram incubados em Meio de Indução a 37°C, por 24 horas. Observou-se que 16 amostras (50%) produziram 20.000 zoósporos mL-1, 12 isolados (37,5%) produziram acima de 20.000 zoósporos mL-1, enquanto quatro amostras (12,5%) produziram menos de 20.000 zoósporos mL-1. O período de maior produção de zoósporos foi entre 6 e 8 horas de incubação. O protocolo utilizado na indução da zoosporogênese mostrou-se eficiente e representa uma importante ferramenta, tanto para a identificação do Pythium insidiosum, como para a obtenção de zoósporos em quantidades suficientes para a inoculação em animais experimentais e aplicação no desenvolvimento de testes de suscetibilidade.

Biotic and abiotic factors influencing growth rate and production of traps by the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans when induced by Cooperia oncophora larvae

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grønvold ◽  
J. Wolstrup ◽  
P. Nansen ◽  
M. Larsen ◽  
S.A. Henriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Corn Meal Agar ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cooperia Oncophora ◽  
Anaerobic Stress ◽  
Series Of Experiments

A series of experiments on corn meal agar was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in different abiotic and biotic conditions which occur in cow pats. Above a concentration of 50 parasitic larvae (L3) cm–2 the fungus produced a maximum of between 500 and 600 nets cm–2 at 20°C in 2 days on the surface of corn meal agar. There were no differences in the trap-producing capacity of three strains of D. flagrans (CIII4, CI3 and Trol A). On agar at 30° and 20°C, the fungus responded to Cooperia oncophora L3 very quickly producing a maximum of trapping nets 1 day after induction. At 10°C, traps were produced slowly starting on day 4 after induction and continued over the following week. Duddingtonia flagrans (CI3) grew at a normal rate at least down to an oxygen concentration of 6 vol.% O2, but it did not grow anaerobically. On agar, D. flagrans (CI3) did not produce trapping nets in an anaerobic atmosphere. Moreover, C. oncophora L3 stopped migration under anaerobic conditions. When the fungal cultures were transferred to a normal aerobic atmosphere, after 1 and 2 weeks under anaerobic conditions, the C. oncophora L3 resumed migrating on the agar and, in response, D. flagrans produced traps in the same amount as when it had not been under anaerobic stress. Under microaerophilic conditions (6 vol.% O2) D. flagrans was able to grow, but the C. oncophora L3 were not able to induce trapping nets in D. flagrans (Trol A) because of larval immobility. But, as under anaerobic conditions, the fungus could return to a nematode-trapping state when transferred to a normal aerobic atmosphere within 1 or 2 weeks if migrating nematodes were present. Under natural conditions in the cow pat it is expected that the fungus will be ready to attack parasitic larvae, when the oxygen tension increases as a result of, for example the activity of the coprophilic fauna. Artificial light giving 3000–3400 Lux on the surface of the agar significantly depressed the growth rate and the production of trapping nets in D. flagrans (CI3). On agar, D. flagrans (CI3) could grow and produce trapping nets at pH levels of 6.3 to 9.3. Net-production has its optimum between pH 7 and 8. On dry faeces mycelial growth was 7–10 mm during a 15 day period while on moist faeces the fungus expanded 15–20 mm during the same period. Based on the parameters investigated, D. flagrans is expected to be especially active in the well aerated surface layer of a cow pat, an area which normally contains a high concentration of infective nematode parasite larvae, but also an area where the temperature can be high and the water content low.

Comparison of the trapping ability ofArthrobotrys robustaandMonacrosporium gephyropagumon infective larvae ofStrongyloides papillosus

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Gonzalez Cruz ◽  
P. Mendoza de Gives ◽  
H. Quiroz Romero
Keyword(s):  
Corn Meal ◽  
Corn Meal Agar ◽  
Infective Larvae

AbstractIn anin vitrotrial, the trapping ability ofArthrobotrys robustaandMonacrosporium gephyropagumagainstStrongyloides papillosusinfective larvae on corn meal agar plates, was evaluated after seven days of interaction at 25°C.Monacrosporium gephyropagumtrapped 93.1% of the larvae whereasA. robustatrapped only 32.3%. Variability in the capture ofS. papillosusinfective larvae by both trapping fungi is discussed.

Screening for Indian isolates of egg-parasitic fungi for use in biological control of fascioliasis and amphistomiasis in ruminant livestock

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. De ◽  
P.K. Sanyal ◽  
A.K. Sarkar ◽  
N.K. Patel ◽  
S. Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Corn Meal Agar ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Growth Profiles ◽  
Media Types ◽  
Verticillium Chlamydosporium

AbstractWild isolates of the egg-parasitic fungiPaecilomyces lilacinusandVerticillium chlamydosporium, obtained from the organic environment of Durg, Chhattisgarh, India, were subjected to screening forin vitrogrowth using different media types, range of incubation temperature and pH, and their predatory activity to the eggs ofFasciola giganticaandGigantocotyle explanatum. Maximum growth ofP. lilacinuswas obtained in corn-meal agar compared to any other media types. The preferred medium for growth ofV. chlamydosporiumwas corn-meal agar, followed by potato-dextrose agar. After initial growth for 16 h of incubation, no growth was observed in water agar for both the fungi. Six different temperatures – 4°C, 10°C, 18°C, 26°C, 34°C and 40°C – were used to observe growth profiles of the fungi in corn-meal agar medium. While no and very little growth ofP. lilacinusandV. chlamydosporiumwas observed at 4°C and 10°C, respectively, growth profiles of both the fungi were optimal at 26–40°C. A range of pH (pH 4–8) supported growth of bothP. lilacinusandV. chlamydosporium. Full-grown plates of the fungi baited with viable eggs ofF. giganticaandG. explanatumrevealed thatV. chlamydosporiumwas more vigorous in its egg-parasitic ability compared toP. lilacinus. Distortion of the eggs started on day 2–3 of egg baiting in culture plates ofV. chlamydosporium, with complete distortion by day 7. On the contrary,P. lilacinusexhibited very limited egg-parasitic ability and some of the baited eggs even showed development of miracidia.

scholarly journals First Report of Pythium polymastum on Broccoli and Cauliflower in California

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1282-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Aegerter ◽  
R. M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Corn Meal Agar ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
First Report ◽  
Potting Medium

Damping-off of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis) seedlings occurred in several greenhouses in Fresno, CA, in 1997. Symptoms included wilting and root and stem rot. Pythium polymastum was consistently isolated from symptomatic tissues placed on corn meal agar amended with 10 ppm pimaricin, 250 ppm ampicillin, 10 ppm rifampicin, and 25 ppm pentachloronitro-benzene. On grass leaves in water, the fungus produced numerous aplerotic oospores in oogonia 43 to 50 μm in diameter (average 46 μm) with spines about 7 μm long. Spherical sporangia were only rarely observed. In the greenhouse, 4-week-old broccoli and cauliflower seedlings were transplanted into potting mix amended with a colonized vermiculite/rye/V8 juice medium to produce approximately 2,500 CFUs per gram of potting medium. Control plants were transplanted into noninfested potting mix. There were six replicate pots per treatment and three plants per pot. After 12 days, the potting mix was gently washed from the roots and the seedlings were dried and weighed. Symptoms on inoculated plants included wilting, severe root rot, black streaks on the lower stems, and death. The fungus was recovered from symptomatic tissues. There were no symptoms on the control plants. Infection by P. polymastum reduced dry weights of surviving broccoli and cauliflower seedlings by 82 and 58%, respectively. Similar results were obtained in a second experiment. This fungus was previously characterized as a pathogen of both cultivated and wild crucifers in Canada (1). This is the first report of P. polymastum in California. Reference: (1) T. C. Vanterpool. Can. J. Bot. 52:1205, 1974.

scholarly journals Isolation spore production and Kochs postulates of Elsinoe pyri

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W.A. Scheper ◽  
P.N. Wood ◽  
B.M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Corn Meal Agar ◽  
Fruit Spot ◽  
Minor Disease ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Germination Tube

Elsinoe leaf and fruit spot is a minor disease of apple and pear Very little is known of the biology and life cycle of the causal agent Elsinoe pyri The fungus was isolated from spots on apple fruit and grew very slowly on potato dextrose agar (PDA) The conditions needed for spore production were examined using different culturing media plating techniques and culture ages When small pieces of a 2 to 6weekold culture from PDA were subcultured onto corn meal agar for 2 days viable conidia were produced Conidial germination occurred between 10C and 26C with the highest germination percentage at 20C and 26C and greatest germination tube elongation at 20C At least 200 conidia per leaf were required to infect Royal Gala leaves Typical elsinoe spots were visible 6 weeks after inoculation Four months after inoculation conidia from the spots were reisolated onto PDA and grew into typical colonies of E pyri

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