Self-Fertility and Other Distinguishing Characteristics of a New Morphotype of Puccinia coronata Pathogenic on Smooth Brome Grass

Mycologia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Anikster ◽  
T. Eilam ◽  
J. Manisterski ◽  
K. J. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Brome Grass

scholarly journals Host Range and Alternate Host of a Puccinia coronata Population from Smooth Brome Grass

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Delgado ◽  
C. R. Grau ◽  
M. D. Casler
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Brome Grass

A rust fungus was observed on smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) leaves growing in the fields of the University of Wisconsin (UW) Agricultural Research Station at Arlington, WI. The population (WPc-95A) was classified as Puccinia coronata Corda. Reports of P. coronata on B. inermis are rare, so a study of the pathogen host range, alternate host, and morphology of urediniospores and teliospores was undertaken. Fourteen grass species representing 10 genera were inoculated with P. coronata WPc-95A, which was maintained with repeated inoculations on B. inermis cv. PL-BDR1. Seventy-two 30-day-old seedlings of B. inermis were inoculated with urediniospores of the fungus. Infection type, pustule density, and disease incidence were recorded 15 days after inoculation. The same grass cultivars were also inoculated with aecio-spores collected from Rhamnus cathartica L. located on the UW campus. To test for host specificity, urediniospores produced on aeciospore-susceptible grass species were used to reinoculate plants of B. inermis and the host species from which the urediniospores were derived. B. inermis, B. riparius Rehm., Festuca pratensis Huds., and Lolium perenne L. were susceptible to P. coronata WPc-95A. The two Bromus spp. had the highest disease incidence. R. cathartica was found to be an alternate host of P. coronata WPc-95A, as it is for P. coronata isolates found on F. pratensis. However, cross-inoculations with urediniospores from R. cathartica-derived aeciospore infections indicated that only urediniospores of B. inermis origin were capable of infecting B. inermis. Thus, P. coronata WPc-95A appears to belong to a forma speciales previously undescribed in North America.

Water potentials of seeds of Bromus inermis and Medicago sativa imbibed on media of various osmotic potentials

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (17) ◽  
pp. 1997-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Thermocouple Psychrometer ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
The Media ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Seeds of smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cultivar Ladak) were allowed to imbibe in water or solutions of polyethylene glycol (Carbowax 1540), mannitol, or sodium chloride. Seed water potentials were determined over a 72-h period after transfer of seeds to thermocouple psychrometer chambers. Seed water potentials were lower than osmotic potentials of the media, but these two potentials were not clearly related to each other. Possible reasons for the lack of gradation in response are discussed.

Forage productivity of smooth brome grass mixtures under the application of growth regulators

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
В.Г. Васин ◽  
М.С. Кригер ◽  
С.А. Васин
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Brome Grass

Исследования проведены в 2019–2020 годах в экспериментальном севообороте научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Корма» кафедры «Растениеводство и земледелие» Самарского ГАУ. В статье представлены данные по кормовой продуктивности травосмесей костреца безостого с кострецом прямым, бобовыми травами и черноголовником многобрачным при применении стимуляторов «Матрица роста» и «Гуми-20М». В состав исследуемых травосмесей входили эспарцет песчаный, люцерна посевная и лядвенец рогатый. Посев проведён в мае 2015 года. Исследование охватывало фазу вымётывания костреца безостого и прямого и цветения бобовых, во время которой оценивалась урожайность, определялся химический состав травостоев (особое внимание уделялось содержанию протеина и динамике его изменения), а также проводился учёт кормовых достоинств (накопления сухого вещества, переваримого протеина и выхода обменной энергии). Высокую продуктивность формировали трёх- и четырёхкомпонентные травостои с эспарцетом песчаным и люцерной посевной. Травостои с лядвенцем рогатым обеспечивали максимальные показатели. Наблюдалось отчётливое увеличение всех изучаемых показателей при добавлении бобового компонента. Продуктивность обработанных стимуляторами травосмесей была, как правило, больше, чем в контрольном варианте. Минимальную продуктивность формировали смеси, в которых присутствовали только злаковые компоненты и которые не обрабатывались стимуляторами роста. Также выявлено, что содержание протеина в травостоях с бобовым компонентом было выше, чем в травостоях с мятликовыми культурами, обработка посевов стимуляторами способствовала повышению протеина. Анализ доли компонентов в травостоях показал, что злаковый компонент преобладал над бобовым, однако в некоторых вариантах наблюдалось преобладание эспарцета и люцерны над злаками. Наименьшую долю в травостое составляли лядвенец рогатый и черноголовник многобрачный. Зависимости процентного соотношения компонентов от варианта обработки выявлено не было. The investigation took place at the laboratory “Korma“ of the Samara State Agrarian University (the department of Crop Production and Arable farming) in 2019–2020. The article reports on the productivity of grass mixtures of smooth brome with erect brome, legumes and fodder burnet under the application of growth regulators “Matritsa rosta“ and “Gumi-20M“. The mixtures also contained hungarian sainfoin, alfalfa and birdʼs-foot trefoil. Crops were planted in May 2015. Crops were tested at the heading or flowering stages. The following traits were analyzed: productivity, chemical composition, dry matter content, crude protein and exchange energy yield. The dynamics of protein accumulation was studied. Three- and four-component grass mixtures with hungarian sainfoin and alfalfa showed the highest productivity. Mixtures with birdʼs-foot trefoil performed the best. Introduction of legumes into swards positively affected all the traits studied. Generally, the application of growth regulators resulted in higher productivity. Gramineous mixtures had the lowest productivity under no treatment. Swards with legumes provided more protein. The treatment with growth regulators increased protein concentration. Gramineous dominated legumes, however, in some variants hungarian sainfoin and alfalfa were predominant. Birdʼs-foot trefoil and fodder burnet had the smallest share in swords. There was no significant correlation between mixture composition and treatments.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of growth and development of alfalfa-grasses mixtures depending on species composition and fertilizing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
L. M. Burko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Svystunova ◽  
S.P. Poltoretskyi ◽  
T.I. Prorochenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Brome Grass

The results of research on the influence of grass species composition, fertilizer level, and Fumar growth stimulator on plant density and botanical composition are presented. The experimental part of the work was performed in the scientific laboratories of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology in the production unit of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". The territory of the research station is located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and is a part of Bila Tserkva agro-soil district. The experimental plots were laid on typical low-humus chernozems, coarse-grained light loam in terms of mechanical composition, which are characterized by a high content of gross and mobile forms of nutrients. The climate of the region is characterized by unstable humidity and moderate temperatures. The average annual air temperature is 6-8 ° C. The annual amount of precipitation reaches 562 mm, during the growing season - 354-394 mm (63-70% of the annual norm), which fall unevenly throughout the year. Based on the research, it was found that sown grasses was formed with a density of 686–1250 shoots per 1 m2 and a height of 58–148 cm. Alfalfa-grasses and grasses are denser than alfalfa. During the period from the 1st to the 3rd year of grassland use, the density of alfalfa shoots decreases, while orchard grass and smooth brome grass increase, moreover, and more significant on the backgrounds of N60 application. During the first three years of use, grasslands are formed with the dominance of sown components with the share of alfalfa in single-species sowing 85–98%, in alfalfa-grasses mixtures - 30–58%. During the period from the 1st to the 3rd year of alfalfa-grasses stands using, the share of alfalfa decreases by 11–24%, and more significantly on backgrounds with N60 application. Also between the two kinds of grass components, there is a change of co-dominant - from meadow fescue to reed fescue, reed fescue to orchard grass, English bluegrass to smooth brome grass, while, as in grasses, reed fescue to smooth brome grass. English bluegrass in the 3rd year of use is much liquefied, reducing the share of participation to 5-14%.

scholarly journals Fungi colonising the above-ground parts of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) cultivated in pure sowing and mixed with smooth brome-grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak ◽  
Józef Koc
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Acremonium Strictum ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Infection Index ◽  
Gray Mould ◽  
Brome Grass

Field experiments were carried out in 1999-2001 in the experimental field in Knopin near Dobre Miasto to determine the intensity of fodder galega diseases cultivated in pure sowing and mixed with smooth brome-grass (the Hillstrand and Auld' s modified scale, 1982). The fungi colonising the phyllosphere of fodder galega were analysed in a laboratory (Chruoeciak , 1974). The following symptoms were observed in fodder galega: ascochyta blight (<i>Ascochyta</i> sp.), gray mould (<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>) and plant wilting (<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>.). The climatic conditions had an effect on the development of diseases. The greatest intensity of gray mould (Ii = 24.3%) and plant wilting (17.9% of plants with the disease symptoms) were observed in 2001. Ascochyta blight occurred with the lowest intensity and the highest infection index in 1999 in the cultivation of fodder galega mixed with smooth brome-grass was only 12.1%. The type of cultivation also modified fodder galega disease intensity. Gray mould and plant wilting developed better in pure sowing than in mixed sowing with smooth brome-grass. Throughout the entire experiment period the average infection index was 22.8% and 15.9% of plants with the wilt symptoms. Ascochyta blight found better conditions for development in plants cultivated in a mix with smooth brome-grass (average infection index - 10.0%). The fodder galega phyllosphere provided 4149 fungal isolates represented by 17 species and yeast-like fungi. Yeast-like fungi dominated (75.6% of the total isolates). The following species were less numerous: <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Humicola brevis</i>, <i>Acremonium strictum</i> and <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides</i>. From the leaves of fodder galega cultivated in pure sowing, 3.8% more fungi were obtained than from the leaves of plants cultivated with a mix of smooth brome-grass, including more frequently isolated pathogenic fungi representing the genera of <i>Fusarium</i> and the species of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>.

scholarly journals Dynamika przyrostu masy i produktywność stokłosy bezostnej i stokłosy uniolowatej przy zróżnieowanym nawożeniu azotem w doświadczeniu polowym. Cz. II. Jakość plonu [Dynamics of mass increase and productivity of smooth brome grass and rescue grass with different nitrogen fertilization in field experiments. Part II. Quality of yield]

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Henryk Skrabka ◽  
Anna Stachurska ◽  
Zdzisława Szuwalska
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Mass Increase

The contents of protein, amino acids, reducing sugars, fibre (ADF), lignin (ADL) and mineral components in tissues of smooth brome grass – <i>Bromus inermis</i> and rescue grass – <i>Bromus unioloides</i> were determined. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the nutritive value of either species of grass.

Seed Production of Smooth Brome Grass as Influenced by Applications of Nitrogen 1

1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Harrison ◽  
W. N. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Brome Grass

Self-fertility and other distinguishing characteristics of a new morphotype ofPuccinia coronatapathogenic on smooth brome grass

Mycologia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Anikster ◽  
T. Eilam ◽  
J. Manisterski ◽  
K. J. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Brome Grass
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