scholarly journals Peculiarities of growth and development of alfalfa-grasses mixtures depending on species composition and fertilizing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
L. M. Burko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Svystunova ◽  
S.P. Poltoretskyi ◽  
T.I. Prorochenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Brome Grass

The results of research on the influence of grass species composition, fertilizer level, and Fumar growth stimulator on plant density and botanical composition are presented. The experimental part of the work was performed in the scientific laboratories of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology in the production unit of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". The territory of the research station is located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and is a part of Bila Tserkva agro-soil district. The experimental plots were laid on typical low-humus chernozems, coarse-grained light loam in terms of mechanical composition, which are characterized by a high content of gross and mobile forms of nutrients. The climate of the region is characterized by unstable humidity and moderate temperatures. The average annual air temperature is 6-8 ° C. The annual amount of precipitation reaches 562 mm, during the growing season - 354-394 mm (63-70% of the annual norm), which fall unevenly throughout the year. Based on the research, it was found that sown grasses was formed with a density of 686–1250 shoots per 1 m2 and a height of 58–148 cm. Alfalfa-grasses and grasses are denser than alfalfa. During the period from the 1st to the 3rd year of grassland use, the density of alfalfa shoots decreases, while orchard grass and smooth brome grass increase, moreover, and more significant on the backgrounds of N60 application. During the first three years of use, grasslands are formed with the dominance of sown components with the share of alfalfa in single-species sowing 85–98%, in alfalfa-grasses mixtures - 30–58%. During the period from the 1st to the 3rd year of alfalfa-grasses stands using, the share of alfalfa decreases by 11–24%, and more significantly on backgrounds with N60 application. Also between the two kinds of grass components, there is a change of co-dominant - from meadow fescue to reed fescue, reed fescue to orchard grass, English bluegrass to smooth brome grass, while, as in grasses, reed fescue to smooth brome grass. English bluegrass in the 3rd year of use is much liquefied, reducing the share of participation to 5-14%.

scholarly journals Influence of elements of growing technology on the process of chlorophyles synthesis in feed beet leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
L. M. Burko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Fodder Beet

The results of research about the influence of fertilizing level and plant density on the chlorophyll content in fodder beet leaves are presented. The experimental part of the work was performed in the scientific laboratories of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology in the production unit of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". The territory of the research station is located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and is a part of Bila Tserkva agro-soil district. The experimental plots were laid on typical low-humus chernozems, coarse-grained light loam in terms of mechanical composition, which are characterized by a high content of gross and mobile forms of nutrients. The climate of the region is characterized by unstable humidity and moderate temperatures. The average annual air temperature is 6-8 ° C. The annual amount of precipitation reaches 562 mm, during the growing season - 354-394 mm (63-70% of the annual norm), which fall unevenly throughout the year. Based on the studies, it was found that fertilizers application and plant density affect the synthesis of chlorophyll in the leaves of fodder beets. The absolute values of total chlorophyll content in the leaves of fodder beet hybrids were generally different. It was highest in the leaves of the hybrid Centaur Poly with an index in July - 1.25-1.56 mg on g, in August - 2.26-3.03, in September - 5.22-6.62 mg on g. Based on the conducted researches, the close correlation between the process of chlorophyll synthesis and the yield of the leaves has been established. A strong relationship between the traits was formed in all periods of the growing season. The even correlation coefficient was: in July - 0.805; August - 0.867; September - 0.858.

scholarly journals Host Range and Alternate Host of a Puccinia coronata Population from Smooth Brome Grass

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Delgado ◽  
C. R. Grau ◽  
M. D. Casler
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Brome Grass

A rust fungus was observed on smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) leaves growing in the fields of the University of Wisconsin (UW) Agricultural Research Station at Arlington, WI. The population (WPc-95A) was classified as Puccinia coronata Corda. Reports of P. coronata on B. inermis are rare, so a study of the pathogen host range, alternate host, and morphology of urediniospores and teliospores was undertaken. Fourteen grass species representing 10 genera were inoculated with P. coronata WPc-95A, which was maintained with repeated inoculations on B. inermis cv. PL-BDR1. Seventy-two 30-day-old seedlings of B. inermis were inoculated with urediniospores of the fungus. Infection type, pustule density, and disease incidence were recorded 15 days after inoculation. The same grass cultivars were also inoculated with aecio-spores collected from Rhamnus cathartica L. located on the UW campus. To test for host specificity, urediniospores produced on aeciospore-susceptible grass species were used to reinoculate plants of B. inermis and the host species from which the urediniospores were derived. B. inermis, B. riparius Rehm., Festuca pratensis Huds., and Lolium perenne L. were susceptible to P. coronata WPc-95A. The two Bromus spp. had the highest disease incidence. R. cathartica was found to be an alternate host of P. coronata WPc-95A, as it is for P. coronata isolates found on F. pratensis. However, cross-inoculations with urediniospores from R. cathartica-derived aeciospore infections indicated that only urediniospores of B. inermis origin were capable of infecting B. inermis. Thus, P. coronata WPc-95A appears to belong to a forma speciales previously undescribed in North America.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilizer on nutritional value of feed alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
I. V. Svystunova ◽  
◽  
L. M. Burko ◽  
S. P. Poltoretskyi ◽  
T. I. Prorochenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Mineral Salts

One of the ways to reduce protein deficiency and produce complete feed is to grow alfalfa-cereal mixtures, which due to the optimal ratio of protein and carbohydrates, mineral salts and other valuable biologically active substances most fully meet the physiological needs of animals. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mineral fertilizers on the nutritional value of alfalfa-cereal grass mixtures. Experimental studies were conducted during 2014-2016 on the research field of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology, which is located in the NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozem. According to the results of research, it was found that the inclusion of alfalfa in cereals increased the content of crude protein to a greater extent than the introduction of nitrogen in the dose N60 on the same cereal herbage at the same background P60K90. There are no natural differences in the accumulation of crude protein between alfalfa-cereal herbages with the participation of different cereal components on the same background. According to the results of research, the introduction of alfalfa into cereal herbage promotes the growth of protein and crude fat content in the feed and reduces the content of nitrogen-free extractive. Nitrogen fertilizers have the greatest effect on the chemical composition of grass feed on cereal grasslands - the application of N60 on the background of P60K90 in the dry weight of feed increases by 2.8% crude protein content and 26 g of feed unit digestible protein. Digestibility of dry matter of fodder of alfalfa and legume-cereal herbages, relative to pure cereal crops, increased by 2-5%. The composition of cereal components in legume-cereal mixtures and the fertilizer system did not significantly affect the digestibility of feed.

Formation of pea productivity depending on the elements of growing technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
V.S. Pylypenko ◽  
L.N. Honchar ◽  
S.M. Kalenska
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Seed Inoculation

Were described results of study effect of fertilizers and seed inoculation on productivity formation pea varieties with leafless morphotype of leaves on typical black soils of northern Forest-Steppe Right-Bank Ukraine. Research was conducted in 2014˗2016’s at field experiment at «Agronomic Research Station and in laboratory of analytical research in the department of Plant growing NULES of Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of formation of efficiency of pea varieties with leaves whiskered morphotype depending on fertilizer and seed inoculation in the northern forest-steppe of the Right-Bank Ukraine. At the day of sowing pea seeds were treated by suspended biopreparation Ryzohumin and biological preparation Hetomik. Mineral fertilizers were applied according to the experimental scheme: on the D1-D6, options nitrogen fertilizers - in seedbed preparation, phosphorus-potassium - the main processing; on D7-D12 variants on the background of complete mineral fertilizer a foliar fertilizer. Was conducted feeding by the stages growth and development of plants BBCH 12−13, 55−59, 61−71. In average in years of study plant density of variety Tsarevych varied within 87,7−105,3 (without inoculation) and 91,7−109,3 (with inoculation) plants/m2. Variety Deviz showed the similar dependence and in experiment with­ out inoculation plants density was within 86,7−102,3 plants/m2 and depended from the variant of fertilization, in inoculating seeds − 90,7−106,3 plants/m2 respectively. Basing on the obtained data, we can note a positive effect of seed inoculation in conjunction with chemical fertilizer Hetomik on survival pea plants during the growing season. It was established that increasing in grain weight per plant significantly depends from feedings by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers by the stages growth and development of plant, and inoculation of seeds. Thus, in variants of experiment, where was used seed inoculation and was conducted foliar feeding by nitrogen and phosphorus fertil­ izers (D7−D9) grain mass in variety Deviz at 1,32 g/plant exceeded variant D1 (without fertilizers), and in variety Tsarevych - at 1,18 g/plant respectively. With inoculation of seeds was increased number of beans on the plant – up to 7, 33 (D9) in variety Deviz and to 8, 67 (D2) pcs/plant in variety Tsarevych. The weight of grain from the plant at variety Deviz in variants D7–D9 exceeded variant D1 on 0‚83 g/plant, at variety Tsarevych on 0‚93 g /plant in variants without inoculation. The maxi­ mum yield at level 4‚99 tones/ha of variety Tsarevych and 4‚40 t /ha of variety Deviz was provided by combination of seeds inoculation and fertilizers. Found that optimal growth and development of pea plants variety Tsarevych was reach with application N30P90K90 (D6), and of variety Deviz – N30P60K60 (D12) with three foliar feedings at stages of growth and development of plants.

scholarly journals Productivity of sown meadow herbage depending on the elements of growing technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Burko ◽  
◽  
I. V. Svystunova ◽  
S. P. Poltoretskyi ◽  
T. I. Prorochenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The Right

The results of research on the influence of species composition of grass mixtures, the level of fertilizing, and growth stimulator Fumar on the productivity of sown meadow herbage on typical low-humus chernozems of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe are presented. The experimental part of the work was performed in the scientific laboratories of the Forage Production, Land Reclamation, and Meteorology Department in the production unit of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". The territory of the research station is located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and is a part of Bila Tserkva agro-soil district. The experimental plots were laid on typical low-humus chernozems, coarse-grained light loam in terms of mechanical composition, which are characterized by a high content of gross and mobile forms of nutrients. The climate of the region is characterized by unstable humidity and moderate temperatures. The average annual air temperature is 6-8 ° C. The annual amount of precipitation reaches 562 mm, during the growing season - 354-394 mm (63-70% of the annual norm), which falls unevenly throughout the year. The purpose of the study is to establish patterns of high productivity formation of sown perennial grasses depending on the species composition and fertilizers on typical low-humus chernozems of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. The analysis of fertilizers effect showed that the highest productivity on all stands was provided by the combined application of complete mineral fertilizer and biostimulator of growth Fumar (N60P60K90 + Fumar), where productivity compared to the option without fertilizer on average over the years of research on alfalfa t/ha of dry mass or by 9%, on its mixtures with cereals - by 0.89–1.19 t/ha, or by 9–11%, and on cereal herbages - by 2.79 t/ha, or by 54% at LSD 0.41 t/ha. Productivity from the use of growth stimulant Fumar increased by 0.27-0.32 t/ha of dry weight or 2-4% and depended a little on the species composition of herbages. High efficiency of alfalfa inclusion in leguminous-cereal grass mixtures, as well as use of single-species alfalfa sowing for fodder purposes, especially on backgrounds without mineral nitrogen, was revealed. The productivity of these herbages in comparison with cereal herbages on nitrogen-free backgrounds (variants without fertilizers and P60K90) on average for 2014–2016 increased from 3.74–4.10 to 8.06–8.68 t/ha of fodder units, from 0.57-0.66 to 1.70-1.96 of crude protein, from 93.7-101.4 to 182.1-206.2 GJ/ha of gross energy and from 38.9-42.7 to 82.4–91.3 GJ/ha of metabolic energy or by1.8–3.0 times, while on backgrounds with nitrogen application (variants N60P60K90 and N60P60K90 + Fumar) - respectively from 5.73–5.93 to 8, 27–9.22 t/ha, from 1.13–1.21 to 1.89–2.29 t/ha, from 139.8–144.8 to 192.5–219.1 GJ/ha, and from 59.6–61.7 to 89.4–98.2 GJ/ha, or by 1.4–1.6 times. Comparison of the productivity of alfalfa-cereal mixtures with single-species sowing of alfalfa shows that on the same backgrounds it was at the same level with slight fluctuations. On average, in the first three years of use, the most influential factor in the yield of 1 ha of dry mass is the factor of grass cover with a share of 60%. The share of fertilizer factor is 40%. The inclusion of alfalfa in legumes and cereal mixtures, as well as the use of single-species sowing for fodder purposes compared to cereals in the background without mineral nitrogen on average for the first three years of use, increases the productivity of sown grasslands from 5.12-5.54 to 10,44–10.78 t/ha of dry weight, from 3.74–4.10 to 8.06–8.68 t/ha of feed units, from 0.57–0.66 to 1.70 1.96 of crude protein and from 38.9–42.7 to 82.4–91.3 GJ/ha of exchange energy or by 1.8–3.0 times, while on backgrounds with N60 application - from 7.28–7.59, respectively, to 9.42–9.71 t/ha, from 5.73–5.93 to 8.27–9.22 t/ha, from 1.13–1.21 to 1.89–2.29 t/ha and from 59.6–61.7 to 89.4–98.2 GJ/ha, or only by 1.4–1.6 times. Among the alfalfa-cereal herbages in the first two years of use, the most productive was the agrocenosis, the cereal part of which is represented by smooth bromegrass and English bluegrass. The lowest, but quite high productivity of alfalfa and alfalfa-grass herbages is provided without fertilizers, which on average for the first three years of use ranges from 9.95 to 10.86 t/ha of dry weight, 1.70 to 1.85 t/ha of crude protein, 82.4–85.8 GJ/ha of metabolic energy, while cereals, respectively, 5.12 t/ha, 3.74 t/ha, 0.57 t/ha, 38.9 GJ/ha.

Formation of botanical composition of clover cereal and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses depending on sowing method

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
I. Senyk
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Adverse Weather

Botanical composition of grasses is one of the most important indicators the biological value and quality of the obtained hay and pasture forage, the longevity of hayfi elds and pastures depend on. The issue of changing the botanical composition of agrophytocenoses is especially important in the context of global climate change, which in recent decades is also manifested in the territory of Ukraine, as it is possible to establish the most adapted species of legumes and cereals to adverse weather conditions and to identify eff ective technological methods of managing these processes for maximum conservation economically valuable species in the herbage. The purpose of the research is to establish the infl uence of diff erent ways of sowing of clover and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses on the formation of their botanical composition. Field studies have established diff erent eff ects of conventional in-line, cross-section and cross-sectional methods of sowing on the formation of botanical composition of grass mixtures of clover meadow (Trifolium pratense) varieties Sparta and Pavlyna with timothy meadow (Phleum pratense) and fenugreek multifl oral (Lolium multifl orum) and of agrophytocenoses of alfalfa of Sinyukha and Seraphima sowing varieties with reed fire (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and middle wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia). For the average of four years of life of clover and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses, the highest proportion of legume component was observed with split-cross sowing – 51.6 % for Sparta, 53.1 % for Pavlyna, 60.3 % for Seraphima and 61.6 % for the Sinyukha variety. In the fourth year of life (the third year of use) of sowed leguminous-cereals agrophytocenoses, the preservation of the legume component was 14.6–15.5 % in clover-cereals grass mixtures with the Sparta variety and 16.0–16.8 % with the Pavlyna variety. In alfalfa grasslands, these indicators were 54.0–55.1 % with Seraphim and 55.0–56.2 % with Sinyukha. Among the studied varieties of clover meadow and alfalfa sowing proved better in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of western Pavlyna and Sinyukha. Cross-sectional and divided cross-sectional sowing of legumes and cereals mixtures proved to be better compared to conventional row crops in terms of conservation of economically valuable grass species. Key words: agrophytocenosis, botanical composition, clover meadow, alfalfa sowing, sowing methods.

Carabidae of Barnaul city parks: ecological characteristics and species composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
E. A. Kuchina ◽  
N. D. Ovcharenko ◽  
L. D. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Steppe Species

<p>Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.</p><p> </p>

Relevance of enrichment of landscaping plantings with lianas in the conditions of urban ecosystems of the Saratov region

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
А.В. Терешкин ◽  
А.Л. Калмыкова ◽  
Т.А. Андрушко
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Phaseolus Coccineus ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Saratov Region

Вертикальное озеленение с участием различных видов лиан в современных условиях имеет важное эстетическое и санитарно-гигиеническое значение. Особо актуально решение вопросов обогащения флоры городских территорий лианами в степных районах в связи с бедным видовым составом и резким ухудшением экологической ситуации. Объектами исследований являлись 7 видов лиан, различных жизненных форм (однолетние, многолетние), произрастающие в населенных пунктах Саратовской области (Аткарск, Саратов). Цель исследований – изучение эколого-биологических особенностей и мелиоративных свойств лиан и выявление перспектив их использования в вертикальном озеленении селитебных территорий Саратовской области. В ходе исследования видового состава, были выявлены наиболее популярные виды однолетних лиан: ипомея красно-голубая (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) и ипомея пурпурная (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), горошек душистый (Lathyrus edoratus L.), настурция (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) и фасоль огненно-красная (Phaseolus coccineus). Большинство (70%) из них произрастают в местах ограниченного пользования. Изученные виды лиан в исследуемых регионах достигают средних природных показателей (при наличии надлежащего ухода), обладают хорошими показателями жизненного состояния, обильно цветут и плодоносят. При воздействии токсикантами различной концентрации на листовые пластинки лиан установлено их степень устойчивости. Выявлено, что однолетние лианы лучше использовать в декоративных целях, а не в санитарно-гигиенических. Сравнительная оценка однолетних видов с многолетними лианами (девичий виноград пятилисточковый и клематис тангутский) показывает устойчивость многолетних видов (в среднем на 3 балла - 40%). Разработаны варианты декоративных композиций с участием травянистых лиан. По степени декоративности выделены однолетние лианы – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 балл), средней степенью отличаются – Lathyrus edoratus (33 балла), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 баллов) и Phaseolus coccineus (20 – 27 баллов). Преимущество многолетних лиан заключается в их устойчивости к резким изменениям климатических условий (на 40 %) по сравнению с однолетними формами. Поэтому они более предпочтительны для озеленения городской среды. Для усиления декоративного эффекта в сезонном аспекте рекомендуются сочетать расширение видового и формового разнообразия растений (многолетние и однолетние лианы, древесно-кустарниковая, цветочная растительность). Установлено, что природно-климатические условия зоны степи и лесостепи в пределах Саратовской области являются достаточно благоприятными для нормального роста и развития древесно-кустарниковой растительности, в том числе травянистых лиан. Таким образом, обоснованное применение древесных лиан в комплексе с традиционными видами насаждений позволит создать комфортные условия проживания населения, регулировать оптимальный температурный баланс и создавать благоприятные микроклиматические условия. Vertical gardening with different types of vines in modern conditions is important aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic value. It is especially important to address the issues of enrichment of the flora of urban areas with vines in the steppe regions due to poor species composition and a sharp deterioration of the ecological situation. The objects of research were 7 species of lianas, various life forms (annual, perennial), growing in the settlements of the Saratov region (Atkarsk, Saratov). The aim of the research is to study the ecological and biological features and reclamation properties of vines and identify the prospects for their use in vertical gardening residential areas of the Saratov region. In the study, species composition was the most popular species of annual vines: morning glory red-blue (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) and purple morning glory (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), the fragrant pea (Lathyrus edoratus L.), nasturtium (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) and runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus). Most (70%) of them grow in restricted areas. Studied species of vines in the study regions reach average natural performance (with proper care), have good indicators of vital condition, bloom abundantly and bear fruit. When exposed to toxicants of different concentrations on the leaf blades of vines established their degree of stability. It was revealed that the annual vines are better used for decorative purposes, and not in the sanitary-hygienic. A comparative assessment of annual species with perennial vines (maiden grapes and clematis Tangut) shows the stability of perennial species (an average of 3 points-40%). The options and decorative compositions with the participation of herbaceous vines. According to the degree of decoration of the allocated annual vine – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 points), the average degree of differ – Lathyrus edoratus (33 points), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 points) and Phaseolus coccineus (20 to 27 points). The advantage of perennial vines is their resistance to sudden changes in climatic conditions (40 %) compared to annual forms. Therefore, they are more preferable for greening the urban environment. To enhance the decorative effect in the seasonal aspect, it is recommended to combine the expansion of species and form diversity of plants (perennial and annual lianas, tree and shrub, floral vegetation). It is established that the climatic conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zone within the Saratov region are quite favorable for the normal growth and development of tree and shrub vegetation, including herbaceous lianas. Thus, the reasonable use of wood vines in combination with traditional types of plantings will create comfortable living conditions for the population, regulate the optimal temperature balance and create favorable microclimatic conditions.

YIELD OF CORN HYBRIDS DEPENDING ON PLANT DENSITY AND FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Polyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of research on the formation of corn yield for grain depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The goal of the research was to identify the influence of plant density and fertilizer system on the yield of corn hybrids for grain. The research was conducted during 2017-2019 in the research field of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Bila Tserkva NAU). Research methods: field, calculation and statistical. Results. Regularities of growth, development and formation of yield by plants are revealed, both in concrete conditions of years of researches, and taking into account average long-term values taking into account features of hybrid-oriented technology. According to the results of the experiment it was recorded that the maximum yields for growing early-maturing maize hybrid DN PIVYHA with FAO 180 in general were obtained at a pre-harvest density of 75 thousand units/ha and the use of combined organo-mineral fertilizer system - 11.09 t/ha; medium-early maize hybrid DN ORLYK, FAO 280 in general in the experiment provided a grain yield of 9.60 t/ha, and in terms of 2017 - 7.86 t/ha, in 2018 - 11.22 t/ha and in 2019 - 9, 72 t/ha, but the medium-ripe hybrid of corn DN SARMAT, FAO 380 provided a grain yield of 10.81 t/ha, and in the context of 2017 - 9.31 t/ha, in 2018 - 11.68 t/ha and in 2019 - 11.44 t/ha. Significant influence on the formation of the yield of corn has a hybrid factor (27 %), fertilizer system determines the level of productivity by 21 % and interacts closely with the conditions of the growing season (factor BV 9 %), growing season conditions also determine the level of productivity of corn plants (19 %), and the pre-harvest density determines this feature by 18 %. Conclusions: In the conditions of the Right Bank part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine there is an increase in the level of productivity of maize hybrids from early to medium-ripe hybrids, regardless of the influence of other experimental factors.

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