Spring-Fall Calf Mortality in an Alaska Moose Population

1968 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. LeResche
Keyword(s):  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Moose Population

scholarly journals A 44-kb deleted-type copy number variation is associated with decreasing complement component activity and calf mortality in Japanese Black cattle

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Sasaki ◽  
Youko Miki ◽  
Takayuki Ibi ◽  
Hiroyuki Wakaguri ◽  
Yuichi Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Copy Number Variation ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Risk Allele ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Japanese Black Cattle ◽  
Complement Activity ◽  
Categorical Trait ◽  
Number Variation ◽  
Calf Mortality

Abstract Background Calf mortality generally occurs in calves prior to weaning, which is a serious problem in cattle breeding. Several causative variants of monogenic Mendelian disorders in calf mortality have been identified, whereas genetic factors affecting the susceptibility of calves to death are not well known. To identify variants associated with calf mortality in Japanese Black cattle, we evaluated calf mortality as a categorical trait with a threshold model and performed a genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) association study on calf mortality. Results We identified a 44-kb deleted-type CNV ranging from 103,317,687 to 103,361,802 bp on chromosome 5, which was associated with the mortality of 1–180-day-old calves. The CNV harbored C1RL, a pseudogene, and an IncRNA localized in the C1R and C1S gene cluster, which is a component of the classical complement activation pathway for immune complexes for infectious pathogens. The average complement activity in CNVR_221 homozygotes at postnatal day 7 was significantly lower than that of wild-type animals and heterozygotes. The frequency of the risk allele in dead calves suffering from diarrhea and pneumonia and in healthy cows was 0.35 and 0.28, respectively (odds ratio = 2.2, P = 0.016), suggesting that CNVR_221 was associated with the mortality of Japanese Black calves suffering from an infectious disease. Conclusions This study identified a deleted-type CNV associated with the mortality of 1–180-day-old calves. The complement activity in CNVR_221 homozygotes was significantly lower than that in heterozygotes and wild type animals. The frequency of the risk allele was higher in dead calves suffering from an infectious disease than in healthy cows. These results suggest that the existence of CNVR_221 in calves could be attributed to a reduction in complement activity, which in turn leads to susceptibility to infections. Thus, the risk allele could serve as a useful marker to reduce the mortality of infected Japanese Black calves.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Benzanthrone Luminophores: They Are Not Equal for Rapid Examination of Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha (Trematoda: Digenea)

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Ilze Rubenina ◽  
Inese Gavarane ◽  
Elena Kirilova ◽  
Ligita Mezaraupe ◽  
Muza Kirjusina
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Amine ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Amine Group ◽  
Tertiary Amine Group ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Staining Protocol ◽  
Anatomical Arrangement ◽  
Moose Population

Luminescent derivatives of benzanthrone are becoming more useful based on their light-absorbing and fluorescent-emitting properties. Our previous studies showed that luminescent staining properties of the same benzanthrone dye differ for variable parasite samples. Therefore, two types of benzanthrone dyes were prepared. One has a strongly basic amidine group and a halogen atom, and the other has an amide moiety and a tertiary amine group. Trematoda Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha is a liver fluke of a moose (Alces alces) and has a significant influence on the health and abundance of the moose population. Staining protocols for parasite P. fasciolaemorpha specific organ or organ systems imaging are mostly time-consuming and labor-intensive. The study aimed to compare the fixation technique and the staining protocol by synthesized benzanthrone luminescent dyes to determine detailed morphology, anatomical arrangement of the organ systems and gross organization of the muscle layers of P. fasciolaemorpha using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Luminophores were tested for samples fixed in different fixatives. Developed dyes and staining protocol resulting in imaging of all parts of trematode without additional sample preparation procedures, which usually are required for parasite examination. Obtained results confirmed that the most qualitative results could be reached using 3-N-(2-piperidinylacetamido)benzanthrone dye which has amide moiety and a tertiary amine group. Based on obtained results, 3-N-(2-piperidinylacetamido)benzanthrone gave more qualitative parasite visualization than 2-bromo-3-N-(N′,N′-dimethylformamidino)benzanthrone.

Interactions of sapsuckers and Cytospora canker can facilitate decline of riparian willows

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Kaczynski ◽  
David J. Cooper ◽  
William R. Jacobi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Aerial Photo ◽  
Stream Flows ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cytospora Chrysosperma ◽  
Willow Bark ◽  
Moose Population ◽  
Cytospora Canker

Drought has caused large-scale plant mortality in ecosystems around the globe. Most diebacks have affected upland forest species. In the past two decades, a large-scale decline of riparian willows (Salix L.) has occurred in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. We examined whether climatic or biotic factors drive and maintain the willow community decline. We compared annual growth and dieback of willows inside and outside of 14-year-old ungulate exclosures and measured groundwater depth and predawn xylem pressures of stems as indicators of drought stress. We also performed an aerial photo analysis to determine the temporal dynamics of the decline. Aerial photo analysis indicated willow decline occurred between 2001 and 2005 and was best explained by an increase in moose population and a decrease in peak stream flows. A new mechanism for willow stem dieback was identified, initiated by red-naped sapsucker wounding willow bark. Wounds became infected with fungus that girdled the stem. DNA analyses confirmed Valsa sordida (Cytospora chrysosperma) as the lethal fungus. Captured sapsuckers had V. sordida spores on feet and beaks identifying them as one possible vector of spread. Predawn xylem pressure potentials remained high through the growing season on all study willows regardless of depth to ground water. Our results indicate that additional mechanisms may be involved in tall willow decline.

High calf mortality in bottlenose dolphins in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand-a local unit in decline

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 540-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Tezanos-Pinto ◽  
Rochelle Constantine ◽  
Fabiana Mourão ◽  
Joanne Berghan ◽  
C. Scott Baker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Local Unit ◽  
Calf Mortality

DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTION OF CAUSES OF CAMEL CALF LOSSES BETWEEN PASTORALISTS AND SCIENTISTS

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. KAUFMANN
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
Calf Rearing

Management deficiencies on the part of the pastoralists were claimed to be one of the major causes of the high losses of camel (Camelus dromedarius) calves contributing to low productivity of camel herds. In the present study, calf deaths, and the causes thereof, were analysed in connection with pastoral calf management in order to assess possible relationships. Progeny history data on 1506 Rendille, 789 Gabra and 1206 Somali calves born between 1980 and 1995 provided quantitative information on losses and the underlying causes. Assessment of the causes of death, and analysis of related management practices, led to suggestions for management changes. In feedback seminars with pastoralists, however, it became apparent that these management changes would not be adopted because they contradicted the pastoralists' assumptions on the causes of calf mortality. The discussions revealed that differences between pastoralists' and scientists' perceptions determined different opinions on proper calf-rearing management practices. Combining different knowledge systems offers the possibility of a more complete understanding, which is required for the derivation of adoptable calf mortality-reducing interventions that are compatible with the knowledge and production systems of the pastoralists.

Pregnancy rate, calf mortality and calving date in unsupplemented hereford range cows

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E Ray ◽  
S.B Itulya ◽  
C.B Roubicek ◽  
C.R Benson
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Calf Mortality

scholarly journals Major causes and risk factors associated with calf mortality in dairy farms in Khartoum State, Sudan

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Mansour Abdullatief ◽  
E. Abdelgadir Atif ◽  
E. M. El Zubeir Ibtisam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Causes And Risk Factors

scholarly journals Risk factors for bobby calf mortality across the New Zealand dairy supply chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 104836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana C. Boulton ◽  
Nikki J Kells ◽  
Naomi Cogger ◽  
Craig B. Johnson ◽  
Cheryl O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Calf Mortality

scholarly journals The impact of large carnivores on the mortality of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) calves in Kainuu, southeastern reindeer-herding region of Finland

Rangifer ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauri Nieminen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
The Impact

During 2006-2008 the survival of reindeer calves was studied in the reindeer-herding cooperative of Halla in Kainuu area where totally 546 calves were equipped with radio mortality collars mainly at the age of 1-3 days. The survival was monitored from the calving in May until winter round-ups in October to January. The rate, timing and causes of mortality of reindeer were assessed. In 2006-08 totally 177 radio-collared calves were found dead (mean mortality 32.4%) until mid-January. The results showed significant annual variation in calf mortality and predation. Independent of year the mortality of radio-collared calves was highest during the first two months after birth, and the total mortality was 30.7% at the end of October and reached 34.6% by mid-January. The sex of calves and pelt colour did not affect significantly survival of calves. Predation comprised 70.0% of total mortality. Predation by wolf, bear, lynx and wolverine comprised on average 38.4%, 20.3%, 9.0% and 2.3%, respectively. Birth weight of calves lost or killed by predators did not differ from surviving calves. However, birth weight of calves killed by brown bears was significantly lighter (mean 5.84 kg), whereas calves killed by Eurasian lynx was significantly heavier (mean 6.67 kg) than birth weight of calves that survived (mean 6.26 kg). Bears killed calves mainly in May to July, wolves in July to October and lynx in August to December. Of 209 radio-collared adult females, 17 were found dead (8.0%). These females had calved in May and they were killed mainly by wolves (52.0%) in August to October.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document