Messiaen's Synaesthesia: The Correspondence between Color and Sound Structure in His Music

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Sound Structure ◽  
Modes Of Limited Transposition ◽  
Vertical Spacing ◽  
High Degree

Olivier Messiaen's published descriptions of his works and the color labels that appear in certain of his scores show that he is affected by colored-hearing synaesthesia. Because Messiaen's color responses, like those of other synaesthetes, exhibit a high degree of internal consistency, the analyst may tabulate the available correlations between sound and color and use them to explore the various factors, objectively considered, that govern Messiaen's color associations. The importance of absolute pitch and of the modes of limited transposition is studied, as are the conditions under which vertical spacing and pitch-class-set identity may assume primary significance in color delineation. The conclusions reached offer a key to more general matters of structure in Messiaen's music. Examples are drawn from several of Messiaen's works, dating from 1929 to 1974.

scholarly journals Absolute Pitch in Oral Transmission of Folk Tunes as Constrained Random Walks

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Klaus Frieler
Keyword(s):  
Random Walks ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Oral Transmission

In this commentary, I would like to add a few of our own, still unpublished, empirical observations concerning the possible role of absolute pitch memory (APM) in the oral transmission of folksongs. This empirical data poses some questions on the likelihood of the observed inter-recording tonic pitch consistency of Olthof, Janssen & Honing (2015) and how these could come about. Based on simulations of absolute pitch class of tonics during oral transmission of folk songs, I argue that the interplay of melodic range and vocal range might actually be the main reason for the observed non-uniformity, in contrast to the conclusions presented in Olthof et al. (2015). However, this does not invalidate the therein presented evidence, but makes the case more puzzling, consequently calling for more empirical research on the interaction of melodic and vocal range and latent APM as well as for more detailed modeling of oral transmission of folk songs.

Whether to Win at All Costs? - The Athletes’ Attitudes Towards Fair Play

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-246
Author(s):  
Petar Mitić ◽  
Uroš Đurić ◽  
Кristina Mladenović ◽  
Anđela Đošić ◽  
Nebojša Ranđelović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Degree

SummaryThe aim of this paper was to determine the athletes’ attitudes about fair play in sports, ie to determine whether there are differences in the athletes’ attitudes towards fair play in sports concerning gender, professional or amateur sports status, and length of participation in sport. Also, the research aimed to formulate an adequate questionnaire to assess athletes’ attitudes towards fair play. The sample of subjects consisted of 150 respondents. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the intensity of athletes’ attitudes towards fair play concerning the gender of the respondents in all three subscales of the questionnaire (aggressiveness in the game, orientation towards victory, and orientation towards enjoying the game). It was found that there is a statistically significant difference in the intensity of athletes’ attitudes in relation to professional or amateur sports status (sig. =.001). It was also found that there is no statistically significant difference in the intensity of athletes’ attitudes about fair play in sports in relation to the length of participation in sports (sig. =.698). A questionnaire with a high degree of internal consistency was constructed (Cronbach alpha =.821).

scholarly journals Internal consistency of a Brazilian version of the unified Huntington's disease rating scale

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Tumas ◽  
Sarah Teixeira Camargos ◽  
Paulo Samandar Jalali ◽  
Adriano de Paula Galesso ◽  
Wilson Marques Jr
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Brazilian Version ◽  
Disease Rating ◽  
High Degree

We evaluated the reliability of a translated Brazilian version of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) to establish the reproducibility of the scale in a population that differs substantially from that on which the scale was originally validated. After a training period with the video and guidelines requested from the Huntington Study Group, we applied the UHDRS, except for the cognitive tests, to a group of 21 Brazilian patients with a molecular diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD). We found a high degree of internal consistency of the motor section of the UHDRS (Cronbach's alpha= 0.841). There was a negative correlation between the total motor score and the functional assessment, the independence scale and the functional capacity. There was a positive correlation between these 3 scales of functional evaluation and a negative correlation between the age of onset of the disease and the number of CAG repeats. The behavioral scale and disease duration were not correlated with any factor. The clinical characteristics of this sample of patients as described by the UHDRS were roughly similar to those reported in the original validation studies and the correlations described were similar to those reported previously. We conclude that the Brazilian version of the UHDRS is reliable and valid to study patients with HD in the Brazilian setting, that this sample of Brazilian patients had clinical characteristics similar to those observed in other world regions, as expected, and that the clinical training method used for the application of the UHDRS was effective to insure a high degree of clinical reproducibility.

Item Analysis of the Modified Picture Titles Subtest of the IES Test

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-992
Author(s):  
Edro I. Signori ◽  
Henry Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
High Degree

An item analysis was made of the modified form of Dombrose and Slobin's Picture Titles subtest of the IES Test. Most of the items had a fairly high degree of internal consistency.

scholarly journals validation of the achievement goal questionnaire – revised in Argentinean university students (A-AGQ-R)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Sánchez Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Achievement Goal ◽  
Task Value ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Academic Self Efficacy ◽  
Consistency Effects

The psychometric properties of a Spanish adaptation of the AGQ-R (Elliot & Murayama, 2008) were tested in a sample of Argentinean university students (292). The hypothesized factor and dimensional structures of the measure were confirmed and shown to be superior to a host of alternatives. Each of the four achievement goal factors had a high degree of internal consistency. Effects of the four achievement goals scales on task value, social academic self-efficacy, enjoyment, shame, and academic performance, provided support to utility of the scales. The A-AGQ-R provides a measure that attested valid and reliable scores. Finally, these findings provide a validated version of the AGQ-R for its use in Argentinean university students.

Absolute pitch is not necessary for pitch class-color synesthesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Itoh ◽  
Tsutomu Nakada
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Pitch Class

Implicit Absolute Pitch Representation Affects Basic Tonal Perception

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohar Eitan ◽  
Moshe Shay Ben-Haim ◽  
Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Occurrence Frequency ◽  
Tonal Music ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Harmonic Progression ◽  
Relative Pitch ◽  
Preceding Context ◽  
Tonal Hierarchy ◽  
Tonal Perception ◽  
Tonal Context

It is undisputed that the cognition of tonal music is primarily established by pitch relationships set within a tonal scheme such as a major or minor key. The corresponding notion—that absolute pitch and absolute key are largely inconsequential for tonal cognition—thus seems inevitable. Here, we challenge the latter notion, presenting data suggesting that absolute pitch and absolute key significantly modify listeners’ judgments of tonal fit and tonal tension. In two experiments extending the probe tone technique (as applied in Krumhansl & Kessler, 1982) participants heard a brief tonal context (a major triad in Experiment 1, a harmonic progression in Experiment 2) followed by individual probe tones, and rated how well each probe fitted the preceding context, as well as the musical tension conveyed by each probe. Two maximally distant key contexts, G major and D♭ major, were used in both experiments and in both tasks. Ratings revealed significant absolute pitch effects in both tasks, though in different ways. In the tonal fit task, diatonic pitches in G major were rated higher than those in D♭ major; in contrast, chromatic pitches were rated higher in D♭ major, compared to G. In the tension task, overall ratings were significantly higher for D♭ major contexts than for G major context (Experiment 1). Importantly, these effects reflect the occurrence frequency of pitch classes and keys in the tonal repertory: frequent pitch classes were rated as better fits than rarer ones, and a rarer key (D♭) rated tenser than a frequently-occurring key (G). Absolute pitch effects were most strongly manifested by participants without formal training, for whom the relative pitch effects of the tonal hierarchy were weak, and were stronger when tonal context was weaker (Experiment 1 as compared to Experiment 2). Results suggest that implicit absolute pitch perception, reflecting key and pitch class occurrence frequency, significantly affects tonal music processing; such absolute pitch effects may be activated principally when tonal perception or tonal cues are lacking.

Perception of Musical Intervals by Absolute Pitch Possessors

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken'ichi Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Identification Performance ◽  
Pitch Processing ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Relative Pitch ◽  
Musical Pitch ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Musical Context ◽  
The Sacrifice

Previous studies have demonstrated that absolute pitch (AP) possessors can directly perceive the musical pitch quality (pitch class) of a tone presented in isolation. However, an isolated tone without musical context has no relevance to music, and AP ability should be examined in musically meaningful situations. In this study, AP possessors tried to identify the musical intervals between pairs of successive tones. The first tone (a reference) was either in-tune C according to the conventional pitch standard or out-of-tune C (a quarter-tone higher than standard C). The identification performance was less accurate and slower in the out-of-tune reference condition than in the in-tune condition. In contrast, AP nonpossessors showed no significant difference in performance in the two conditions, as predicted by the principle of equality under transposition. These results suggest that AP subjects tend to adhere to AP in relative pitch tasks, and that at least some AP listeners may have developed a strong dependence on AP at the sacrifice of relative pitch. AP may not have any advantage in music, in which relative pitch, not AP, is essential. Rather, AP may conflict with relative pitch and, in some cases, harm musical pitch processing.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Coaching Behaviours among Singapore Coaches

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Ian R. HASLAM ◽  
Dan E. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Degree

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Athletic performance is the result of interactions among the athlete, coach and performance environment. Each of these factors is critical to performance outcomes. This study is designed to improve our understanding of these interactions, with a focus on coaching in Singapore. Salmela (1996) and colleagues (Cote & Dowd, 1996; Cote, Salmela & Russell, 1995 a, b) recently conducted an in-depth and extensive research project on Canadian expert coaches. The results have provided a knowledge base grounded in coach's realities. The qualitative data gained from expert coaches has lead to the development of a questionnaire, the Coaching Behaviour Scale (CBS) aimed at assessing coaching behaviours from the athletes perspective. Preliminary tests of the Scale reveals most of the subscales to have a high degree of internal consistency and that the factor structure approximates the original theoretical framework. These are preliminary findings and there is need to develop the scale further. The purpose of this study is broadly two fold. Firstly the study will contribute to the on going validation of the CBS developed by Cote and Yardley from Brock University in Canada secondly, it will serve as a preliminary study of the coaching behaviours and overall coaching characteristics of Singapore national coaches.運動的成功之道有乃運動員本身、敎練員及其他環境因素的配合。本研究針對上述各因素之間的關係，探討星加坡敎練員在這方面的行為表現。並從運動員的層面，以敎練行為調查表來評估敎練員的行為，初步資料顯示出敎練行為調查表具備充分的可靠度，有效作為深入研究之用。

Developing a Measure of Cultural-, Maturity-, or Esteem-Driven Modesty Among Jewish Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-37
Author(s):  
Caryn Scheinberg Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Instrument Development ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
Concept Definition ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Instrument Reliability

Understanding modesty and how it relates to religiosity among Jewish women was relatively unexplained, and as part of a larger study, a measure was needed. The purpose of this article is to report on three studies which represent the three stages of instrument development of a measure of modesty among Jewish women, “Your Views of Modesty”: (a) content/concept definition; (b) instrument development; and © evaluation of the psychometric properties of the instrument: reliability and validity. In Study I, Q methodology was used to define the domain and results suggesting that modesty has multidimensions. In Study II, an instrument was developed based on distinctive perspectives from each group or what was important and not so important. This formed a 25-item Likert scale. In Study III, a survey of 300 Jewish women revealed internal consistency estimates with Cronbach’s alpha 0.92, indicating high degree of internal consistency reliability for “Your Views of Modesty.” For construct validity, four factors were found explaining 55% of the variance of modesty: (a) religion-driven, (b) maturity-driven, (c) esteem-driven, and (d) public-based modesty was identified. “Your Views of Modesty” shows good evidence for reliability and validity in this Jewish population.

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