scholarly journals Absolute Pitch in Oral Transmission of Folk Tunes as Constrained Random Walks

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Klaus Frieler
Keyword(s):  
Random Walks ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Oral Transmission

In this commentary, I would like to add a few of our own, still unpublished, empirical observations concerning the possible role of absolute pitch memory (APM) in the oral transmission of folksongs. This empirical data poses some questions on the likelihood of the observed inter-recording tonic pitch consistency of Olthof, Janssen & Honing (2015) and how these could come about. Based on simulations of absolute pitch class of tonics during oral transmission of folk songs, I argue that the interplay of melodic range and vocal range might actually be the main reason for the observed non-uniformity, in contrast to the conclusions presented in Olthof et al. (2015). However, this does not invalidate the therein presented evidence, but makes the case more puzzling, consequently calling for more empirical research on the interaction of melodic and vocal range and latent APM as well as for more detailed modeling of oral transmission of folk songs.

scholarly journals The Role of Absolute Pitch Memory in the Oral Transmission of Folksongs

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merwin Olthof ◽  
Berit Janssen ◽  
Henkjan Honing
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Family Analysis ◽  
Audio Recordings

Absolute Pitch (AP) is the ability to identify or produce isolated tones in the absence of contextual cues or reference pitches. While AP is thought to differ from other human abilities in its bimodal distribution (Takeuchi &amp; Hulse, 1993) &ndash; either you have it or you do not &ndash; recent evidence suggests that memory for absolute pitch in a melody is actually widespread (Schellenberg &amp; Trehub, 2003). In the current project the Dutch collection of historic audio recordings, <em>Onder de Groene Linde </em>(Grijp, 2008), is used as a source to explore the potential role of AP in the memory of songs transmitted in oral traditions. Since the melodies in this database are grouped by <em>tune family</em> and are available as sound files, they can serve as empirical support for the Absolute Pitch Memory (APM) hypothesis predicting that these tunes are memorized and transmitted over time and geographical location based on their absolute pitch height. To this end, a between- and a within-tune family analysis was performed. In the between tune family analysis, two tune families showed significant inter-recording tonic pitch consistency. The within tune family analysis further substantialized that effect, while controlling for possible factors of variance, such as gender, geographical origin, and lyrics. Together, the results are taken as empirical support that APM plays a significant role in the oral transmission of folksongs.

scholarly journals Children of Imprisoned Parents in Scandinavia: Their Problems, Treatment and the Role of Scandinavian Penal Culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Scharff Smith
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Special Training ◽  
History Of

In some ways, the issue of prisoner’s children seems to be one of the major Gordian knots facing the practice of punishment and imprisonment today. How can we punish parents committing serious crimes and still respect the situation and rights of their children? This issue has begun to attract attention during recent years, after having been more or less neglected throughout most of the history of the prison. Empirical research on, reports on, and advocacy for children of imprisoned parents have, for example, been produced in Scandinavia during recent years by researchers, NGOs and children’s Ombudsmen. Based on this research as well as on personal observations and new empirical data, I will in this article take a closer look at the situation of prisoners’ children in Denmark, Sweden and Norway. I will look into how many children who experience parental imprisonment and the problems they often face – especially in Denmark where most of the Scandinavian empirical research has been done. I will also describe some of the recent initiatives, reforms and good practice, which has been introduced, or is currently in the process of being introduced, in the Scandinavian countries. One example is the children’s officers, that is, prison officers with special training who are responsible for enhancing the possibilities for improved contact between children and their imprisoned parents. Finally, I will discuss to what degree specific Scandinavian penal practices might influence the conditions experienced by prisoners’ children. As I will show, there are examples of Scandinavian practices, which can both enhance and worsen the situation of prisoners’ children.

Research on the relationship between institutional investor research meeting and the performance of listed companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingqin Zhang ◽  
Yong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Research Meeting ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the relationship between institutional investors research meeting and performance of companies being researched. Design/methodology/approach Using empirical research method, this study designs and conducts an empirical research according to empirical research’s basic norms. Thus, the authors acquire needed and credible empirical data. Findings By analyzing the empirical data, there is a significant positive effect between institutional investors research meeting and the earnings per share of company being researched. Improvement in the level of the research meetings of the institutional investors strengthens the external supervision of management, alleviates the information asymmetry between management and shareholders, improves the management efficiency of the company and ultimately increases the performance of the company. When the performance of a company is better, we can find that the role of II research meetings is more significant. In addition, II research meetings are better able to improve the performance of state-owned enterprises. Originality/value This study empirically analyzes and verifies the roles of institutional investors research meeting in improve the performance of the company being researched. The authors expand the channel of institutional investors research behaviors to improve the performance of listed companies by strengthening the supervision and restraint of management behavior. Additionally, via a reverse study, it is found that the situation of the researched company itself is also one of the factors that determine the results of institutional investors research meetings.

Popular Punitivism — The Role of the Courts in the Development of Criminal Justice Policies

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Martin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Keynote Address ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Scientific Evaluation

This paper was presented as a keynote address to the Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology in 2009. It contends that it is of the utmost importance that the community have the benefit of empirical research and analysis undertaken in the field of criminal justice by impartial experts. Its central proposition is that the development of policy and sentencing practices in this important area appears to be influenced more by the perception of populist views, than the scientific evaluation of empirical data.

Theoretical and Empirical Research in Modern Economics: Problems of Communication

2008 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Libman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Empirical Turn

The last decades witnessed the increasing importance of econometric methods and empirical research in economics. The success of the empirical turn in economics depends on the formats and problems of communication between theory and empirics. The paper considers potential difficulties in communication "from the theory to empirical research" and "from empirical research to theory". It analyzes the role of informal consensus as an instrument facilitating such communication and potential impact of this consensus on the direction of research.

“Quasi industre giardiniero”

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-568
Author(s):  
Cory M. Gavito
Keyword(s):  
Complex Nature ◽  
Editorial Process ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Musical Practices

Among the roughly 150 Italian songbooks published between 1610 and 1665 with the guitar tablature known as alfabeto, about thirteen are anthologies. These anthologies often advertise the role of a compiler who has gathered together music by diverse authors. The extent to which compilers also functioned as authors and editors is not well understood. This essay considers the case of Giovanni Stefani, a compiler who, in the preface to his Scherzi amorosi of 1622, describes the anthology as a collection of his choosing that contains “varie compositioni de Virtuosi della prima classe” (various compositions of first-class virtuosos). Intriguingly, none of the settings Stefani prints (in both this alfabeto anthology and two others) include attributions. Since the 1880s, scholars have been preoccupied with matters of transmission and attribution, unearthing a network of textual and musical concordances. This article expands the nexus of Stefani’s songs and their concordant sources, revealing an array of examples that range from identical copies to “partial” concordances that take over motives, phrases, refrains, or harmonic schemes. These examples indicate that in preparing his anthologies, Stefani mined a corpus of existing prints and manuscripts while also relying heavily on oral transmission. The complex nature of Stefani’s approach, taken together with his complete avoidance of composer attributions, points toward an editorial process shaped by a fluid exchange between oral and written musical practices.

Can fake news really change behaviour? Evidence from a study of COVID-19 misinformation.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara Greene ◽  
Gillian Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
The Real ◽  
News Stories

Previous research has argued that fake news may have grave consequences for health behaviour, but surprisingly, no empirical data have been provided to support this assumption. This issue takes on new urgency in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. In this large preregistered study (N = 3746) we investigated the effect of exposure to fabricated news stories about COVID-19 on related behavioural intentions. We observed small but measurable effects on some related behavioural intentions but not others – for example, participants who read a story about problems with a forthcoming contact-tracing app reported reduced willingness to download the app. We found no effects of providing a general warning about the dangers of online misinformation on response to the fake stories, regardless of the framing of the warning in positive or negative terms. We conclude with a call for more empirical research on the real-world consequences of fake news.

scholarly journals Mediating Factor of Emotional Intelligence in Intercultural Competence and Work Productivity of Volunteers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolita Vveinhardt ◽  
Rita Bendaraviciene ◽  
Ingrida Vinickyte
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Intercultural Education ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mediating Factor ◽  
The Impact

Volunteering, the volunteer’s intercultural competence and emotional intelligence contribute to intercultural education and sustainability in various societies of today. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of emotional intelligence and intercultural competence on work productivity of volunteers. The first part of the article substantiates theoretical associations between emotional intelligence, intercultural competence and work productivity. Based on theoretical insights, empirical research methodology was prepared, which consisted of four categories divided into sub-categories that provided the structure of the question groups. The empirical research involved seven informants working in Lithuania, who welcomed volunteers from abroad. The research was conducted using the method of semi-structured interviews. The conclusions present a systematic perspective towards the role of emotional intelligence in the intercultural competence and work productivity of volunteers. In this context, emotional intelligence works as a mediating factor. The contributing role of volunteer-receiving organisations in the development of the volunteers’ emotional intelligence is also highlighted.

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