Portrait of the Marxist as a Young Hegelian: Lukács' Theory of the Novel

PMLA ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Hero's Journey ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
Theory Of The Novel

Composed in the tradition of German idealist aesthetics, Lukács' Theory of the Novel (1916) establishes him not only as an heir to Hegel but, more important, as a forerunner of Benjamin, Adorno, Goldmann, and Auerbach. Lukács begins by constructing a phenomenology of narrative mind in which modern consciousness is played otf against its Other, against the epic vision of earlier poets. Whereas the Homeric epic is characterized by a wholeness of sensibility and vision, novelistic consciousness is ironic, alienated and self-divided. Thus the novelistic hero's journey becomes a Hegelian one into the problematic realms of inwardness, memory, and imagination: from Cervantes to Flaubert we witness a retreat from participation in the world to interpretation of it. Lukács' philosophical meditations prefigure much in recent novel theory: Benjamin's and Adorno's commentaries on alienation in narrative, Goldmann's notion of the problematic hero, and Auerbach's concept, in Mimesis, of Homeric realism.

scholarly journals Hegel and Lukács on the Novel

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Speight
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Georg Lukacs ◽  
Philosophy Of Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Theory Of The Novel ◽  
Prose Literature ◽  
Georg Lukács

That Hegel was a significant influence on the young Georg Lukács'Theory of the Novelis a point few would dispute. Lukács himself insisted that the first part of TN represented his own transition from Kantian to Hegelian theory, and most critics have subsequently affirmed the importance of Hegel to Lukács' pre- (or, depending on one's view, proto-) Marxist argument inTN. Yet the two are in some ways strange to take together in the context of novelistic theory. Despite the profusion of novelistic literature in his own time and his own significant appropriation of it for the limning of essential moments of the development of the world-historical spirit, Hegel's officialAestheticshardly presents what one could claim to be an especially worked-outtheoryof the novel. TheAestheticstakes up literature in general primarily under the rubric of providing a theory of the genres ofpoetry— epic, lyric and dramatic — and what relatively few words Hegel actually devotes to the novel and prose literature in the lectures are tucked in corners: at the end of the discussion of the development of the epic, in the discussion of the historical form of the romantic, and in scattered comments elsewhere. As forTN, despite the strong connections some have drawn between Hegel and Lukács — Peter Demetz said that Lukács was ‘in a certain sense … the last Hegelian in the grand style’ (Demetz 1967: 215) — others have questioned whether Lukács' work should be regarded primarily as making a contribution to the philosophy of literature in the tradition from which Hegel writes.

Counterfactual Literary Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Nasser Mufti
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
Historical Imagination ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Georg Lukacs ◽  
Counterfactual Theory ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Of The Novel ◽  
Georg Lukács

The occasion for this collection of responses to Telling It Like It Wasn't is a conference titled “Novel Theory.” Given this conjuncture, it seems only obvious to pose the question: What does a counterfactual theory of the novel look like? Of course, there is no single theory of the novel, but there is a book and a thinker most closely associated with the phrase, “theory of the novel,” and that is Georg Lukács. And while Theory of the Novel is the obvious text to revisit to counterfactually historicize and/or theorize, it seems more worthwhile for the history of Europe's counterfactual historical imagination to turn to Lukács's other great text, one that features somewhat prominently in Gallagher's book—namely, The Historical Novel.

scholarly journals Introduktion til Social Formalism (1998)

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (104) ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Dorothy Hale
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Henry James ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Henry Louis Gates ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
Wayne Booth ◽  
Gerard Genette

Introduction to Social Formalism (1998)In this introductory chapter to her book Social Formalism: The Novel in Theory from Henry James to the Present (1998), Dorothy Hale is engaging a double polemic against the dominating tradition within cultural studies and argues that not only does this tradition, which claims to have more interest in the ‘world’ than in the ‘work’, base its studies in classical literary works; it has also lost sight of the relevant theoretical approaches. To Hale, a reactualization of ‘novel theory’ is therefore emergent, and it is the aim of her study to show that the critique that has been raised against formalistic-oriented novel theory for not having any other interest in the novel than the description of its ‘literariness’ is wrong. Literary theorists like Henry James, Percy Lubbock, Wayne Booth, Gérard Genette and Michail Bachtin have shared the conviction that the novel, through its formal aspects, embodies the author’s vision of both social identity and social reality – no matter whether this is formulated as Lubbock’s ‘vision’, Genette’s ‘voice’ or Bachtin’s ‘dialogicity’. In this respect, these theorists are not as far from the sociocultural approaches of Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Barbara Johnson and Henry Louis Gates as is claimed. They are connected insofar as they share a social formalistic interest, i.e. they consider the formal aspects of the text as an expression for and a result of a specific and historically variable social formation.

scholarly journals Introduktion til Social Formalism (1998)

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (104) ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Dorothy Hale
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Henry James ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Henry Louis Gates ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
Wayne Booth ◽  
Gerard Genette

Introduction to Social Formalism (1998)In this introductory chapter to her book Social Formalism: The Novel in Theory from Henry James to the Present (1998), Dorothy Hale is engaging a double polemic against the dominating tradition within cultural studies and argues that not only does this tradition, which claims to have more interest in the ‘world’ than in the ‘work’, base its studies in classical literary works; it has also lost sight of the relevant theoretical approaches. To Hale, a reactualization of ‘novel theory’ is therefore emergent, and it is the aim of her study to show that the critique that has been raised against formalistic-oriented novel theory for not having any other interest in the novel than the description of its ‘literariness’ is wrong. Literary theorists like Henry James, Percy Lubbock, Wayne Booth, Gérard Genette and Michail Bachtin have shared the conviction that the novel, through its formal aspects, embodies the author’s vision of both social identity and social reality – no matter whether this is formulated as Lubbock’s ‘vision’, Genette’s ‘voice’ or Bachtin’s ‘dialogicity’. In this respect, these theorists are not as far from the sociocultural approaches of Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Barbara Johnson and Henry Louis Gates as is claimed. They are connected insofar as they share a social formalistic interest, i.e. they consider the formal aspects of the text as an expression for and a result of a specific and historically variable social formation.

Coda: The Rosetta Stone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Digital Code ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Rosetta Stone ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Imagination ◽  
Origin Point

Hieroglyphs have persisted for so long in the Western imagination because of the malleability of their metaphorical meanings. Emblems of readability and unreadability, universality and difference, writing and film, writing and digital media, hieroglyphs serve to encompass many of the central tensions in understandings of race, nation, language and media in the twentieth century. For Pound and Lindsay, they served as inspirations for a more direct and universal form of writing; for Woolf, as a way of treating the new medium of film and our perceptions of the world as a kind of language. For Conrad and Welles, they embodied the hybridity of writing or the images of film; for al-Hakim and Mahfouz, the persistence of links between ancient Pharaonic civilisation and a newly independent Egypt. For Joyce, hieroglyphs symbolised the origin point for the world’s cultures and nations; for Pynchon, the connection between digital code and the novel. In their modernist interpretations and applications, hieroglyphs bring together writing and new media technologies, language and the material world, and all the nations and languages of the globe....

Basic Andragogy-Oriented Strategies and Communication in Online Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-356
Author(s):  
Anca Sîrbu
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Online Instructors ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The World

AbstractWith the rapid onset of an unprecedented lifestyle due to the new coronavirus COVID-19 the world academic scene was forced to reform and adapt to the novel circumstances. Although online education cannot be regarded as a groundbreaking endeavour anymore in the21st century, its current character of exclusivity calls for deeper understanding of, and a sharper focus on the “end-consumer” thereof as well as more cautious procedures to be exercised while teaching. While millennials are no longer thought of as being born with a silver spoon in their mouth but with an iPad or any sort of device in their hand (irrespective of their social status), adults are more hesitant when coerced to alter course unexpectedly and turn to new methods of attaining their learning goals. This is why proper communicative approaches need to be thoroughly considered by online instructors. This article aims at presenting teachers with a set of strategies to employ when the beneficiaries of online academic education are adult learners.

A Compact Embodiment of Pluralities and Denial of Origins: Atwood’s The Year of The Flood

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Rana Sağıroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Margaret Atwood ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Narrative Techniques ◽  
Why Questions ◽  
Near Future

Margaret Atwood, one of the most spectacular authors of postmodern movement, achieved to unite debatable and in demand critical points of 21st century such as science fiction, postmodernism and ecocriticism in the novel The Year of The Flood written in 2009. The novel could be regarded as an ecocritical manifesto and a dystopic mirror against today’s degenerated world, tending to a superficial base to keep the already order in use, by moving away from the fundamental solution of all humanity: nature. Although Atwood does not want her works to be called science fiction, it is obvious that science fiction plays an introductory role and gives the novel a ground explaining all ‘why’ questions of the novel. However, Atwood is not unjust while claiming that her works are not science fiction because of the inevitable rapid change of 21st century world becoming addicted to technology, especially Internet. It is easily observed by the reader that what she fictionalises throughout the novel is quite close to possibility, and the world may witness in the near future what she creates in the novel as science fiction. Additionally, postmodernism serves to the novel as the answerer of ‘how’ questions: How the world embraces pluralities, how heterogeneous social order is needed, and how impossible to run the world by dichotomies of patriarchal social order anymore. And lastly, ecocriticism gives the answers of ‘why’ questions of the novel: Why humanity is in chaos, why humanity has organized the world according to its own needs as if there were no living creatures apart from humanity. Therefore, The Year of The Flood meets the reader as a compact embodiment of science fiction, postmodernism and ecocriticism not only with its theme, but also with its narrative techniques.

Comparative docking of SARS-CoV-2 receptors antagonists from repurposing drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micael Davi Lima de Oliveira ◽  
Kelson Mota Teixeira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Receptors ◽  
Theoretical Results

According to the World Health Organisation, until 16 June, 2020, the number of confirmed and notified cases of COVID-19 has already exceeded 7.9 million with approximately 434 thousand deaths worldwide. This research aimed to find repurposing antagonists, that may inhibit the activity of the main protease (Mpro) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as partially modulate the ACE2 receptors largely found in lung cells, and reduce viral replication by inhibiting Nsp12 RNA polymerase. Docking molecular simulations were performed among a total of 60 structures, most of all, published in the literature against the novel coronavirus. The theoretical results indicated that, in comparative terms, paritaprevir, ivermectin, ledipasvir, and simeprevir, are among the most theoretical promising drugs in remission of symptoms from the disease. Furthermore, also corroborate indinavir to the high modulation in viral receptors. The second group of promising drugs includes remdesivir and azithromycin. The repurposing drugs HCQ and chloroquine were not effective in comparative terms to other drugs, as monotherapies, against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Association and treatment of diabetes in patients affected by Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1198-1201
Author(s):  
Syed Yasir Afaque
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Composite Outcomes ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

In December 2019, a unique coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2, was first identified in the province of Wuhan in China. Since then, it spread rapidly all over the world and has been responsible for a large number of morbidity and mortality among humans. According to a latest study, Diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, Hypertension etc. are being considered important risk factors for the development of this infection and is also associated with unfavorable outcomes in these patients. There is little evidence concerning the trail back of these patients possibly because of a small number of participants and people who experienced primary composite outcomes (such as admission in the ICU, usage of machine-driven ventilation or even fatality of these patients). Until now, there are no academic findings that have proven independent prognostic value of diabetes on death in the novel Coronavirus patients. However, there are several conjectures linking Diabetes with the impact as well as progression of COVID-19 in these patients. The aim of this review is to acknowledge about the association amongst Diabetes and the novel Coronavirus and the result of the infection in such patients.

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