Tombs at Tocra

1945 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 105-106
Author(s):  
R. D. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Present Form ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The City

Tocra, the ancient Taucheira or Teucheira, in Cyrenaica was founded probably in the sixth century B.C. from Barce, to which it belonged in the time of Herodotus. Although it lies in what is now an easily accessible part of Cyrenaica, it has been very little visited by modern scholars. As is the case elsewhere in Cyrenaica, the outlines of the ancient city emerge distinctly from the ground even before excavation. The perfectly preserved circuit of the city walls goes back in origin perhaps to the fourth century B.C., but owes its present form to a reconstruction by Justinian after the defeat of the Vandals by Belisarius in A.D. 533. The stones for building the walls were taken from earlier buildings in the city, which thereby suffered much damage.

Preservation Strategies of Longdong Ancient City Walls in Systematic Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Yu ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Lina Wang
Keyword(s):  
Point System ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
System Planning ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Historic Landmark ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The City ◽  
Great Portion

City wall is an important symbol of ancient Chinese cities with unique geographical and cultural characteristics. Thus, the preservation of this historic landmark is considered significantly important. However, numerous residential construction activities and changes in ecological environment have destructed a great portion of the city walls in recent years. This study looks into the preservation of the ancient city walls from the systematic perspective and in line with the actual characteristics of Longdong Region to provide guideline measures for the protection and restoration of such landmark. Cognition and preservation are adopted extensively to investigate the specific situation of and the factors that influence the ancient city walls in this region. Preservation strategies for the city walls, including the “Axis-Point” system, planning control, and authenticity readability, are presented. The ancient city walls in Longdong Region can be preserved by protecting the entire region, the city, and the main wall body. The systematic method and preservation strategies at the “macro perspective,” “medium perspective” and “micro perspective” levels can solve the preservation problems of the ancient city walls in Longdong Region effectively.

scholarly journals STUDY ON EXTRACTION AND EXPRESSION METHODS OF BULGING DISEASES IN ANCIENT CITY WALLS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W20 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Q. Song ◽  
Y. G. Hu ◽  
M. L. Hou
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
City Walls ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
The City

Abstract. The ancient city wall contains rich cultural values. Due to environmental and human factors, there are many diseases in the ancient city wall: bulging, cracking, etc., which will lead to the collapse or even death of the ancient city wall. Therefore, the monitoring and protection of the ancient city wall is imminent. This paper proposes a new scheme for bulging monitoring for wall bulging. The feature plane is fitted according to the actual scan data, the degree of bulging, the trend and the area size are determined, and the bulging deformation of the city wall is displayed in the form of an image. Simplify workflow, improve data processing efficiency, and display more intuitively.

The Fortifications of the City of Gyaur Kala, Merv

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. ZAVYALOV
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Military Architecture ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

This chapter describes the fortifications of the ancient city of Gyaur Kala in the Merv Oasis based on the result of archaeological excavations. It summarizes the phases of construction and rebuilding and provides preliminary evidence for dating individual phases. Overall, the excavations strongly suggest that broader trends in military architecture influenced the development of the city walls of Gyaur Kala.

Excavations at Euesperides (Benghazi): an interim report on the 1998 season

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 145-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lloyd ◽  
P. Bennett ◽  
T. V. Buttrey ◽  
A. Buzaian ◽  
H. El Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The City

AbstractA third season of excavation and finds analysis at Euesperides in March/April 1998 completed the fieldwork of the project begun in 1995.Further examination of the city defences suggests that their first phase should be dated not later than the early sixth century BC. The earliest masonry buildings within (and abutting) the city wall seem to belong to the 580s/570s BC. Other discoveries included a plain pebble pavement and a decorated ‘mixed style’ mosaic which should pre-date c. 250 BC, as well as an enchytrismos burial of the fourth century BC. The preliminary results of detailed study of the coins, pottery and lamps, and of scientific analyses of wallplaster and metal, are also presented.

City Walls

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sperber
Keyword(s):  
Sixth Century ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The City

References to a variety of topics relating to city walls appear not infrequently in Rabbinic sources. This is by no means surprising, since quite a number of Palestinian Roman (and Byzantine) cities were walled. Such was the case with Caesarea, Beit Shean, Jerusalem, Gaza, Ashkelon, Akko, Neopolis, Tiberias, Emmaus, Beit Guvrin, and Ashdod. The importance attributed to such walls is clearly expressed in the following parable in Mechilta Yitro, 5, ed. Horowitz-Rabin p. 219: . . .A certain person entered the city. He said to them (the citizens): I will rule over you. They said to him: Have you done anything for our good that you should rule over us? (i.e., that we should accept you as our ruler)? What did he do? He built them a wall, and brought them water [into the city] (See discussion below). . . . Some of these walled cities are portrayed in the mosaic Medva (Medeba) map of the late sixth century C.E. We shall begin our survey with what is known about financing the building and upkeep of city walls. We ended the last chapter with a reference to the discussion in Baba Batra on walls and their upkeep.

The Koprologoi at Athens in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries B.C.

1983 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Deep Layer ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
The Road ◽  
South West ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
The City

The collection and disposal of rubbish and waste and the maintenance of a decent standard of hygiene was as much a problem for ancient city authorities as for modern town councils. The responsibility for the removal of waste would often be dependent upon the nature of the rubbish and the facilities which city authorities offered. Thus early in the fourth century B.C. the agoranomic law from Piraeus prohibited individuals from piling earth and other waste on the streets and compelled the offender to remove it. The astynomic law from Pergamon, which probably dates originally to the Hellenistic period, similarly forbade the dumping or piling up of earth or the mixing of mortar on the streets of the city. As one of Demosthenes' speeches indicates, the effect of dumping rubbish indiscriminately was to raise the level of the road surface, which consequently restricted access and endangered adjacent property. Excavation of a triangular hieron to the south west of the agora at Athens further illustrates the results of dumping. Here it was found that, between the construction of the hieron in the late fifth century B.C. and the beginning of the fourth century B.C, the road surface on its northern side rose more than half a metre and covered the lower part of the wall of the hieron and its boundary marker. The accumulated fill included a deep layer of marble chips, which had been dumped in the area by marble workers. The laws from Piraeus and Pergamon were thus designed to keep streets passable, protect adjacent buildings, and safeguard pedestrians.

Research on the Rehabilitation of the Ancient City Wall of the Wuchang Uprising Gate

2012 ◽  
Vol 166-169 ◽  
pp. 1526-1529
Author(s):  
Zhu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
The South ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Xinghai Revolution, the government of Wuchang district in Wuhan City intends to rehabilitate rain-wind corridor, feudal pavilion and the city walls. After access to historical data, site survey, mapping, photographing and measuring, the rehabilitating engineering program of rain-wind corridor, feudal pavilion and the city walls of the Wuchang Uprising Gate is achieved. In the fourth year of Hongwu (1371), Ming dynasty, Zhou Dexing, the duke of Jiangxia, built Wuchang city on the basis of Yingzhou city of Tang dynasty. Wuchang city has large scale. In Ming and Qing dynasty, it was the legacy of county, town, city and province. Its diameter from the east to the west was of 2.5 km, with 3 km from the north to south. The thickness of wall foundation is 22.44 m, with top thickness 17.82 m. Nine gates were designed for the ancient city. The Uprising gate, one of the nine gate of the Wuchang ancient city, was opened to the south and also the busiest gate for entering the city. New Army Engineering Battalion of Hubei took the lead and fired the first shot. And then they occupied Zhonghe Gate and Chu Wangtai to welcome the South Lake artillery, Ma team and other revolutionaries.

A hellenistic inscription from Skotoussa (Thessaly) and the fortifications of the city

1993 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 187-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Missailidou-Despotidou
Keyword(s):  
Reference Points ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Farming Area ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Topographic Survey ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The City ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Cross Reference

In 1983 the Larisa Museum received an inscribed stele, purporting to be from the farming area of Agia Triada. Even today, parts can be seen in this area of the fortifications of an ancient city, thought to be the Thessalian Skotoussa. The inscription comprises 154 lines, and is written in the Thessalian (Pelasgian) dialect; it dates from 197–185 BC. It is a decree of the city (which is now proved to be Skotoussa), and concerns the description of a zone inside and outside the city walls, which was to contain no privately owned land. The decree was passed as part of the reorganization of the defences of the city after the collapse of Macedonian supremacy in the region. The zone was defined in detail using as reference points the towers, distances between the towers, and other sections of the walls, as well as parts of the city adjoining the wall. The result of such a systematic body of cross-reference is a description of nearly the whole of the city's fortifications. Following a topographic survey of the Agia Triada region, and taking into account older surveys, a restoration of the course of the wall is attempted. Using the inscription as a guide, a comparison is made between the sections of the wall that are described, together with other place-names appearing in the inscription, and the surviving ruins at Agia Triada.

The Resilient City

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Oklahoma City Bombing ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
The City

In 1871, the city of Chicago was almost entirely destroyed by what became known as The Great Fire. Thirty-five years later, San Francisco lay in smoldering ruins after the catastrophic earthquake of 1906. Or consider the case of the Jerusalem, the greatest site of physical destruction and renewal in history, which, over three millennia, has suffered wars, earthquakes, fires, twenty sieges, eighteen reconstructions, and at least eleven transitions from one religious faith to another. Yet this ancient city has regenerated itself time and again, and still endures. Throughout history, cities have been sacked, burned, torched, bombed, flooded, besieged, and leveled. And yet they almost always rise from the ashes to rebuild. Viewing a wide array of urban disasters in global historical perspective, The Resilient City traces the aftermath of such cataclysms as: --the British invasion of Washington in 1814 --the devastation wrought on Berlin, Warsaw, and Tokyo during World War II --the late-20th century earthquakes that shattered Mexico City and the Chinese city of Tangshan --Los Angeles after the 1992 riots --the Oklahoma City bombing --the destruction of the World Trade Center Revealing how traumatized city-dwellers consistently develop narratives of resilience and how the pragmatic process of urban recovery is always fueled by highly symbolic actions, The Resilient City offers a deeply informative and unsentimental tribute to the dogged persistence of the city, and indeed of the human spirit.

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