Contextualizing urban vernacular architecture - distinguishing the actual and the ideal

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-213
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Urban Vernacular ◽  
The Ideal

scholarly journals Formal characteristics of vernacurar architecture in Erbil city and other Iraqi cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Ahmed Khavat ◽  
Binyad Maruf Khaznadar
Keyword(s):  
Peer Group ◽  
World View ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Collective Wisdom ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Grand Design ◽  
Folk Tradition ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
The Ideal

Related to their environmental contexts and available resources they are customarily owner- or community-built, utilizing traditional technologies. All forms of vernacular architecture are built to meet specific needs, accommodating the values, economies and ways of life of the cultures that produce them." (Oliver, 1997, p.ii) In another definition Oliver gives a description about the context of vernacular architecture: "Within the context of vernacular architecture it embraces what is known and what is inherited about the dwelling, building, or settlement. It includes the collective wisdom and experience of a society, and the norms that have become accepted by the group as being appropriate to its built environment." (Oliver, 1997, p.ii) In his book (House Form and Culture), Amos Rapoport makes a comparison between the buildings that belong to the grand design tradition and those of the folk tradition. (Rapoport, 1969,p.2) According to Rapoport, the monument- buildings of the grand design tradition- are built to impress either the populace with the power of the patron, or the peer group of designers and cognoscenti with the cleverness of the designer and good taste of the patron. The folk tradition, on the other hand, is the direct and unself-conscious translation into physical form of a culture, its needs and values as well as the desires, dreams, and passions of a people.•lt is the world view writ small, the "ideal" environment of a people expressed in buildings and settlements, with no designer, artist, or architect with an axe to grind (although to what extent the designer is really a form giver is a moot point). The folk tradition is much more closely related to the culture of themajority and life as it is really lived than is the grand design tradition, which represents the

Urban Vernacular Architecture in Nineteenth-Century Baltimore

1981 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ellen Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Urban Vernacular

The Wooden Roof of Banesa e Skendulate in Gjirokastra, Albania: The Role of the Diagnostic Test Campaign in the Structural Safety Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 911-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Podestà ◽  
Federica Pompejano ◽  
Gerolamo Stagno
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Engineering Theory ◽  
Urban Vernacular ◽  
Timber Constructions

Banesa e Skendulate is part of the historical center of the museum-city of Gjirokastra (Albanian UNESCO World Heritage), an unique and well-preserved example of Albanian urban vernacular architecture influenced by the ottoman architectural style, situated in a strategic position in the valley of the Drino. Banesa e Skendulate represents not only the typical compositional characteristics of this architecture but also a culture and a lifestyle deeply rooted in its own traditions. As its known, historic roofings are load-bearing structures made of timber according to an empirical and intuitive design, without structural engineering theory support, and Banesa e Skendulates roof is a clear example of the posts and beams system and shows the ability of the local craftsmen to deal with the support of heavy stone roofing. In the following paragraphs, will be presented the non-destructive diagnostic testing performed on the wooden structure of the roofing together with a detailed geometric and technological survey in order to recognize the structural system, its behavior and pathology and then process the analytical 3D model. Furthermore, the paper deals with the problem arose as consequence of the interpretation of the results obtained by the diagnostic tests, concerning the determination of the classes of resistance attached to ancient structural wooden elements that, for obvious reasons, cannot be classified according to the strength classes defined by the regulations for new timber constructions. Applying the reference strength values classified for the new timber elements to the historic ones, can cause a heavy penalty in terms of structural safety verification of the roof; that is why the role of the diagnostic test campaign should guide the reinforcement project applying reference values determined on the real conditions of the wooden elements.

scholarly journals Formal characteristics of vernacurar architecture in Erbil city and other Iraqi cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Ahmed Khavat ◽  
Binyad Maruf Khaznadar
Keyword(s):  
Peer Group ◽  
World View ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Collective Wisdom ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Grand Design ◽  
Folk Tradition ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
The Ideal

Related to their environmental contexts and available resources they are customarily owner- or community-built, utilizing traditional technologies. All forms of vernacular architecture are built to meet specific needs, accommodating the values, economies and ways of life of the cultures that produce them." (Oliver, 1997, p.ii) In another definition Oliver gives a description about the context of vernacular architecture: "Within the context of vernacular architecture it embraces what is known and what is inherited about the dwelling, building, or settlement. It includes the collective wisdom and experience of a society, and the norms that have become accepted by the group as being appropriate to its built environment." (Oliver, 1997, p.ii) In his book (House Form and Culture), Amos Rapoport makes a comparison between the buildings that belong to the grand design tradition and those of the folk tradition. (Rapoport, 1969,p.2) According to Rapoport, the monument- buildings of the grand design tradition- are built to impress either the populace with the power of the patron, or the peer group of designers and cognoscenti with the cleverness of the designer and good taste of the patron. The folk tradition, on the other hand, is the direct and unself-conscious translation into physical form of a culture, its needs and values as well as the desires, dreams, and passions of a people.•lt is the world view writ small, the "ideal" environment of a people expressed in buildings and settlements, with no designer, artist, or architect with an axe to grind (although to what extent the designer is really a form giver is a moot point). The folk tradition is much more closely related to the culture of themajority and life as it is really lived than is the grand design tradition, which represents the

Lighting performance of urban vernacular architecture in the East-Mediterranean area: Field study and simulation analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Michael ◽  
C. Heracleous ◽  
S. Thravalou ◽  
M. Philokyprou
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Urban Vernacular ◽  
Urban Complex ◽  
Indoor Spaces

This study aims to investigate the natural lighting performance in indoor and semi-open spaces of urban vernacular architecture in the Mediterranean region. In vernacular architecture, natural lighting was the main source of light available and was largely achieved through the central courtyard. In this framework, an in-depth lighting performance analysis was carried out in a typical and representative traditional urban complex in the walled city of Nicosia, Cyprus. In-situ lighting measurements, as well as software simulations, were employed in order to assess the lighting performance of the building complex. The study has shown that lighting levels of semi-open and indoor spaces on the first floor are sufficient; whereas, the dense urban fabric, and the introverted character of vernacular architecture, create certain limitations to the lighting levels in indoor spaces of the ground floor. On the other hand, the positive impact of the inner courtyard to the lighting levels of semi-open and indoor spaces has been verified.

Localization of Intracellular Antigens in thin Sections with Ferritin Labeled Antibody

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
M.S. Shahrabadi ◽  
T. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Conjugate Prior ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Specific Attachment ◽  
Intracellular Antigen ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
The Ideal

The technique of labeling of macromolecules with ferritin conjugated antibody has been successfully used for extracellular antigen by means of staining the specimen with conjugate prior to fixation and embedding. However, the ideal method to determine the location of intracellular antigen would be to do the antigen-antibody reaction in thin sections. This technique contains inherent problems such as the destruction of antigenic determinants during fixation or embedding and the non-specific attachment of conjugate to the embedding media. Certain embedding media such as polyampholytes (2) or cross-linked bovine serum albumin (3) have been introduced to overcome some of these problems.

Criteria and Methods for Reliable Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
R. A. Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Finite Number ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Dimensional Image ◽  
General Object ◽  
The Ideal

The reconstruction of a three-dimensional image of a specimen from a set of electron micrographs reduces, under certain assumptions about the imaging process in the microscope, to the mathematical problem of reconstructing a density distribution from a set of its plane projections.In the absence of noise we can formulate a purely geometrical criterion, which, for a general object, fixes the resolution attainable from a given finite number of views in terms of the size of the object. For simplicity we take the ideal case of projections collected by a series of m equally spaced tilts about a single axis.

X-Ray Analysis of Frozen Hydrated Sections:The Unconventional Approach

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 754-757
Author(s):  
R. Beeuwkes ◽  
A. Saubermann ◽  
P. Echlin ◽  
S. Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Method ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
Classic Paper ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
The Ideal

Fifteen years ago, Hall described clearly the advantages of the thin section approach to biological x-ray microanalysis, and described clearly the ratio method for quantitive analysis in such preparations. In this now classic paper, he also made it clear that the ideal method of sample preparation would involve only freezing and sectioning at low temperature. Subsequently, Hall and his coworkers, as well as others, have applied themselves to the task of direct x-ray microanalysis of frozen sections. To achieve this goal, different methodological approachs have been developed as different groups sought solutions to a common group of technical problems. This report describes some of these problems and indicates the specific approaches and procedures developed by our group in order to overcome them. We acknowledge that the techniques evolved by our group are quite different from earlier approaches to cryomicrotomy and sample handling, hence the title of our paper. However, such departures from tradition have been based upon our attempt to apply basic physical principles to the processes involved. We feel we have demonstrated that such a break with tradition has valuable consequences.

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