SEC Market Risk Disclosures: Implications for Judgment and Decision Making

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Hodder ◽  
Lisa Koonce ◽  
Mary Lea McAnally
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Market Risk Disclosures ◽  
Risk Judgments ◽  
Risk Disclosures

In this paper, we draw on judgment and decision-making research to examine the behavioral implications of the SEC's Financial Reporting Release No. 48 on market risk disclosures. While these disclosures have been examined using archival data, no research has investigated how these disclosures might affect individual users of financial statements. The purpose of our paper is to draw on research in the judgment and decision-making arena to identify and analyze the behavioral implications of the new risk disclosures. We offer three conclusions. First, FRR No. 48 users may have more complex evaluations of risk than perhaps anticipated by the SEC. Second, the flexibility accorded firms in FRR No. 48 will adversely affect users' risk judgments. Third, because the Release does not require disclosure of certain quantitative information that is important to risk assessments, inappropriate risk assessments may result. We believe our insights can help others conduct research in this important area and can help the SEC when they revisit the disclosure requirements in FRR No. 48.

Effect of SEC Financial Reporting Release No. 48 on Derivative and Market Risk Disclosures

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren T. Roulstone
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Risk Measurement ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Market Risk Disclosures ◽  
Risk Disclosures

This study compares the disclosures about derivatives and market risk made by 25 SEC registrants in the years before (1996) and after (1997) the adoption of Financial Reporting Release No. 48 (SEC 1997) (FRR No. 48). FRR No. 48 requires firms to disclose how they account for derivatives and provide quantitative and qualitative disclosures about exposure to market risk. Market risk disclosures, encouraged but not required under FAS No. 119, improved greatly under FRR No. 48 but varied widely in detail and clarity. The majority of registrants provided quantitative and qualitative disclosures of market risk; however, only about half of these firms discussed the details and limitations of their risk measurement models and disclosures. Further, certain required or strongly recommended contextual disclosures were almost completely absent. Firms appear to prefer relatively complicated but more discreet disclosure formats to simpler but more revealing disclosure formats. Overall, while registrants greatly increased their disclosures about market risk, the disclosures leave room for improvement in future filings. These findings have significance for disclosure choice in general and the adoption of FAS No. 133 in particular.

scholarly journals The Strategy for Harmonizing Financial and Non-financial Reporting on Climate Risk Disclosures. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
O. V. Efimova ◽  
O. V. Rozhnova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Internal Accounting ◽  
Risk Disclosures ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the harmonization of financial and non-financial reporting of the organization and the development of a strategy in the field of climate risks. In the first part of the article the main attention is paid to the analysis of the impact of these risks on the indicators of financial statements, the requirements for the disclosure of information, the relevance of reflecting the impact of climate change on the business, financial performance and the strategy. The second part formulates the recommendations for developing a strategy of harmonizing financial and non-financial reporting in the field of climate risks and for preparing disclosures regarding the interdependence of climate change impact and the company’s activities. The study is intended for government agencies of the Russian Federation, professional international organizations involved in the development of financial and non-financial reporting standards, interested users, as well as economic entities that develop internal accounting and reporting standards.

Group Judgment and Decision Making in Auditing: Research in the Time of COVID-19 and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim D. Bauer ◽  
Kerry A. Humphreys ◽  
Ken T. Trotman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Group Judgment ◽  
Audit Firms ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the ways auditors work and interact with team members and others in the financial reporting process. In particular, there has been a move away from face-to-face interactions to the use of virtual teams, with strong indications many of these changes will remain post-pandemic. We examine the impacts of the pandemic on group judgment and decision making (JDM) research in auditing by reviewing research on auditor interactions with respect to the review process (including coaching), fraud brainstorming, consultations within audit firms, and parties outside the audit firm such as client management and the audit committee. Through the pandemic lens and for each auditor interaction, we consider new research questions for audit JDM researchers to investigate and new ways of addressing existing research questions given these fundamental changes. We also identify potential impacts on research methods used to address these questions during the pandemic and beyond.

The Limitations of Financial Reporting on Innovation and Its Value-Relevance for the Investor's Decision-Making Process

2019 ◽  
pp. 390-418
Author(s):  
Francisco Leote ◽  
Ana Damião
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Financial Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Industry Sectors

This chapter aims to present some limitations of financial reporting on innovation with an impact on the investor's decision-making process. In order to do so, the authors show how accounting recognizes and measures innovation factors: the intangibles. Based on the literature, the authors discuss how the value relevance of financial reporting on innovation is conditioned by non-financial factors. The impacts of the adoption of IFRSs, the effect of the industry sectors and the effect of the individual characteristics of the different countries on the value relevance of the intangible assets are analyzed. The literature suggests a decrease in the value relevance of financial statements due to the manner in which intangibles are recognized and measured in accounting. However, financial reporting on innovation is value relevant to the investor's decision-making and is conditioned by non-financial factors. Value relevance differs among different industry sectors, between different countries and is conditioned by the accounting systems used in the preparation of the financial information.

Why do Restatements Decrease in a Clawback Environment? An Investigation into Financial Reporting Executives' Decision-Making during the Restatement Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2515-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Pyzoha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Compensation ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Archival Studies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Auditor Quality

ABSTRACT Prior archival studies find that firms that voluntarily adopted clawback policies have experienced a reduction in restatements. I experimentally examine this outcome by investigating the influence of two key factors (i.e., executive compensation structure and auditor quality) on financial reporting executives' (hereafter, “executives”) decision-making regarding a proposed restatement that will lead to a clawback of their incentives. I find that executives (i.e., CFOs, controllers, and treasurers) facing a lower quality auditor are less likely to agree with amending prior financial statements when a higher proportion of their pay is incentive-based. However, this tendency is reduced when executives face a higher quality auditor, indicating that higher quality auditors can act as effective monitors. My results identify an ex post unintended consequence of clawback regulation that could at least partially offset the benefits of the ex ante deterrent effects of clawbacks, and that could contribute to findings of less frequent restatements when clawback policies are in place. I discuss potential implications regarding the role of executives during restatement decisions and auditors' risk assessments in a clawback environment. Data Availability: Data are available from the author upon request.

A Study of Impact of IFRS Convergence in India on Debt–Equity Components of Financial Statements

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215092091846
Author(s):  
Saumya Jain ◽  
Chandra Prakash Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The present article analyses the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) convergence on financial statements in India. Our focus is on the most significant and challenging standard, that is, IND-AS (financial instruments). Our focus is on the most significant and challenging standard i.e IND-AS(Financial Instruments) and their impact on debt-equity classification brought about by the new standard(s). We analyse the annual reports of 30 listed entities having outstanding preference share capital for the years 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. We redefine the formulae of ratios most commonly used in loan agreements (popularly referred to as ‘debt covenants’) from lenders’ perspective and empirically examine the impact of IFRS convergence on the value of these ratios for the same financial year, that is, 2015–2016. Our results show that there is a significant difference in the value of ratios calculated using newly developed formulae and by applying the old formulae on new data. The study is the first of its kind to empirically examine the impact of IND-AS specifically standard relating to financial instruments on debt ratios in India. Our contribution to the literature is that we not only examine the impact on ratios on transition to IND-AS but also offer a solution as to how the users can mitigate this impact by making adjustments to the debt ratios taking into account the recognition, measurement and presentation changes brought about by IND-AS, so that they can apply our newly developed formulae directly on IND-AS statements and derive the same meaning and interpretation from the ratios as before retaining their practical usage. Thus, our study is of immediate practical relevance to lenders, credit managers and investors aiding their decision making.

Market Risk Disclosures and Board Gender Diversity in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Firms

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khamis Hamed Al-Yahyaee ◽  
Ahmed Khamis Al-Hadi ◽  
Syed Mujahid Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Board Gender Diversity ◽  
Market Risk Disclosures ◽  
Risk Disclosures
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