The Impact of Fair Value Measurement for Bank Assets on Information Asymmetry and the Moderating Effect of Own Credit Risk Gains and Losses

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 127-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana C. Fontes ◽  
Argyro Panaretou ◽  
Kenneth V. Peasnell
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Bid Ask Spread ◽  
Fair Value Measurement ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT We examine whether the use of fair value measurement (FVM) for bank assets reduces information asymmetry among equity investors (bid-ask spread) and how this is affected by the recognition of own credit risk gains and losses (OCR). Our findings show that FVM of assets is associated with noticeably lower information asymmetry, and that this reduction is more than twice as large when banks also recognize OCR. In addition, we find that the bid-ask spread is incrementally lower for banks that provide more detailed narrative disclosures on OCR. The findings also indicate that the effects of asset FVM and OCR recognition on the bid-ask spread do not simply capture the differences in the characteristics of the banks and the quality of their information environments. Data Availability: All data are available from public sources.

scholarly journals THE APPLICATION OF FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Pobrić
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Fair Value Measurement ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Infor Mation

This study investigates the application of fair value ac- counting in companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study was conducted on a sample of 190 companies. The application of fair value accounting causes a lot of controversy related to the relevance and reliability of fair value information. It is believed that the extent to which fair value measurement is used reflects attitudes of financial statement preparers about the usefulness of this model at its best. The findings of this study sug- gest that most companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina do not have tendency to apply fair value accounting. It is found that half of the companies in the sample do not use fair value accounting at all. Almost half of the com- panies that use fair value accounting use it just because they own assets that require fair value measurement. Fair value accounting is much more used in financial and larger companies than in non-financial and smaller companies. Companies mostly use fair value accounting for the measurement of investment property. However, they use it for the measurement of intangible assets at a minimum. The findings also suggest that the application of fair value accounting increases the uncertainty in fi- nancial statements. The quality of fair value disclosures is very low. Numerous companies do not disclose infor- mation on fair value hierarchy and valuation techniques that were used for fair value measurement. Companies that disclose this information mostly use indirectly ob- servable inputs (Level 2) for fair value measurement and these create a lot of room for earnings management.

scholarly journals The impact of legal efficacy on value relevance of the three-level fair value measurement hierarchy

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 101259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Liao ◽  
Daifei (Troy) Yao ◽  
Helen Kang ◽  
Richard D. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Value Relevance ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Fair Value Measurement ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Fair value measurements of exchange-traded funds

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wessel Marthinus Badenhorst
Keyword(s):  
Value Relevance ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Exchange Traded Funds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bid Ask Spread ◽  
Fair Value Measurement ◽  
Investment Portfolios ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
Fair Value Measurements

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the extent to which different prices within the bid-ask spread are used for fair value measurements and evaluate the potential consequences thereof. Design/methodology/approach – The paper investigates different Level 1 fair value measurements of exchange-traded funds’ (ETFs) equity investments. Using descriptive methods, it compares actual and stated fair value measurement policies. In addition, comparative value relevance of these measurements is investigated in regression analysis. Findings – Most fair value measurements are based on closing prices, but stated accounting policies and actual measurements frequently differ. Results also show that the bid-close spread of underlying investments is value-relevant in determining the bid-close spreads of ETFs themselves. Research limitations/implications – Findings are specific to unleveraged ETFs, the sample country and sample period used and only apply to investments in listed equities. Conclusions from this study may assist in predicting market perceptions of the risk of listed equity portfolios. Practical implications – This paper sheds light on the practical impact of the recent change in fair value measurement guidance. Originality/value – This study provides evidence on the size of the bid-ask spread of actual investment portfolios and its potential impact. It shows that bid-close spreads of underlying investments are used to price the bid-close spreads of ETFs themselves and that stated and actual accounting policies often differ. Findings imply that standard-setters might be influenced by actual accounting practices.

scholarly journals The Impact of Fair Value Accounting on Information Asymmetry: Evidence from Jordanian Banking Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdullah Fayad Altawalbeh
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Bid Ask Spread ◽  
Amman Stock Exchange ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at examining the impact of Fair value accounting measured by other comprehensive income on information asymmetry measured by the bid-ask spread in the Jordanian banking sector between 2010 and 2017. The study sample consisted of the thirteen commercial banks listed in Amman Stock Exchange, and panel data analyses were employed to test the study hypothesis, data for the study was gathered through the annual financial reports disclosed on Amman Stock Exchange. The findings revealed that fair value has a negative and significant impact on information asymmetry in the Jordanian commercial banks, indicating that fair value accounting supplies stakeholders with accurate and appropriate data and reflects the informational value of fair value numbers to investors.

scholarly journals Fair value measurement and its impact on audit fees: evidence in the Brazilian market

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Vinícius Pontes Bastos ◽  
Luciana Holtz ◽  
Odilanei Morais dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Premium ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Audit Risk ◽  
Audit Firms ◽  
Fair Value Measurement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Regression Technique ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The purpose is to verify the impact of using the measurement at fair value on the audit fees, differentiating even the period before and after the adoption of IFRS 13 (CPC 46).  Methodology: The research is quantitative, for testing the hypothesis raised, the multiple regression technique was used, with data available from companies listed in B3 for the period between 2010 and 2016.  Results: The evidence indicates that the complexity and subjectivity of fair value is recognized by the audit firms, that is, audit firms recognize that fair value measurement implies more effort and that the associated audit risk rises, leading firms to charge of a risk premium for the provision of the service. However, it was not possible to confirm that auditors' fees increased after the adoption of IFRS13 (CPC 46).  Contributions of study: Theoretical/methodological - The study contributes to understanding the impacts of adopting international accounting standards, in this specific case on audit fees. Social/management - Given the evidence that there is a higher audit cost associated with the greater complexity of information in a fair value environment, companies can develop mechanisms to minimize the uncertainty of the information to be audited.

Fair Value versus Amortized Cost Measurement and the Timeliness of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments: Evidence from the Insurance Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 285-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urooj Khan ◽  
Stephen G. Ryan ◽  
Abhishek Varma
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Life Insurers ◽  
Cost Measurement ◽  
Accounting Recognition ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT We investigate the impact of recurring fair value versus amortized cost measurement for accounting recognition purposes on the timeliness of insurers' other-than-temporary (OTT) impairments of non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (NAMBS) around the 2007–2009 financial crisis. Unlike largely predetermined amortized cost measurement, recurring fair value measurement requires firms to invest in information and control systems to assess relevant economic conditions and estimate fair values quarterly. We expect these systems discipline insurers' OTT impairments. Exploiting statutory requirements that PC (life) insurers measure securities with NAIC designations from 3 to 5 at fair value (amortized cost) and disclose security-level accounting information, we predict and find that PC insurers record timelier OTT impairments of the same NAMBS with NAIC designations of 3 to 5 than life insurers. We predict and find weaker evidence of spillover effects to the timeliness of OTT impairments of the same NAMBS with NAIC designations of 1 or 2. JEL Classifications: G22; M41. Data Availability: Data are available from public sources cited in the text.

Loan fair values and the financial crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-576
Author(s):  
Niranjan Chipalkatti ◽  
Massimo DiPierro ◽  
Carl Luft ◽  
John Plamondon
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Loan Portfolio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bid Ask Spread ◽  
The Impact

Purpose In 2009, effective the second-quarter, the financial accounting standards board mandated that all banks need to disclose the fair value of loans in their 10-Q filings in addition to their 10-K filings. This paper aims to investigate whether these disclosures reduced the level of information asymmetry about the riskiness of bank loan portfolios during the financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach The paper examines the impact of these disclosures on the bid-ask spread of a panel of 246 publicly traded bank holding companies. The spread serves as a proxy for information asymmetry and the ratio of the fair value of a bank’s loan portfolio to its book value is a proxy for the credit and liquidity risk associated with the same. The reaction to the first-quarter filing serves as a control to assess the reaction at the time of the second-quarter filing. Findings There is a significant negative association between bid-ask spread and the ratio indicating that the fair value information was useful in reducing information asymmetry during the financial crisis. A pattern was observed in the information dissemination related to the fair value of loans that is consistent with the literature that documents a delayed investor reaction to complex financial information. Originality/value Investors may use the fair value information to better assess the risk profile of a BHC’s loan portfolio. Also, loan fair values provide managers with data to better implement stress test models and determine optimal capital buffers.

Content and context: “fair” values in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Balfoort ◽  
Rachel Francis Baskerville ◽  
Rolf Uwe Fülbier
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Fair Value Measurement ◽  
Western Market ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The evolution of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) was nurtured by economists and accountants loyal to the philosophical basis of what is often referred to as “Western” market economies, being classical and neoclassical contracting theories. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how a particular Asian cultural attribute (guānxì ) impacts on the efficacy of fair value measurement. Design/methodology/approach Using a literature review and research of studies of the adoption of IFRS in China, studies of both guānxì and fair value in Chinese accounting research, this study unbundles Williamson’s governance structure and contracting theory to examine how guānxì is positioned orthogonally to fair value (market-oriented valuation) principles for financial reporting. This is followed by a case study of the events surrounding the collapse of China Medical Technologies. Findings Guānxì is integral to Asian economies and economic transactions. Resulting conditions, characterised by relational contracting, may not meet the qualitative characteristics of neutrality and faithful representation in fair value measurement of assets and liabilities. The same may be true when insider or “trusted party transaction” values prevail for large ticket transactions among entities in any jurisdiction. Research limitations/implications Future research on the impact of guānxì may be constrained by its often hidden, and yet dynamic, character; and the varieties of its manifestations. Originality/value This study highlights how difficult it may be to achieve both comparability and relevance in the asset and liability recognition and measurement rules in Asian (and possibly also other) economies adopting accounting principles that are developed in a Western context.

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