scholarly journals Discrepancies in Hospital Financial Information: Comparison of Financial Data in State Data Repositories and the Healthcare Cost Reporting Information System

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin A. Lamboy-Ruiz ◽  
Won G. No ◽  
Olena V. Watanabe

ABSTRACT High-quality financial data are important to stakeholders in the healthcare sector but are difficult to obtain. The two data sources most often used are hospital financial statements (HFSs) and Medicare Cost Reports (MCRs). Applying an analytical framework of data information quality dimensions, we compare a sample of 34,728 instances of 12 financial statement items extracted from HFSs and MCRs filed from 2007 through 2011. Our comparison shows a nontrivial frequency of missing items, widespread discrepancies across financial items, and a materiality of discrepancies that is significant in both sources. We also find many avoidable computational errors and significant absolute relative discrepancies between the sources. Additionally, we perform replications of two prior studies to test the believability of HFS and MCR data. Although we cannot conclude which source is more accurate, we do alert users of hospital financial data to the comparative potentials and limitations of these two major sources.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Zhenggan Cai ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Long Chen

In the last decade, great changes have taken place in financial transactions. The number of investors has increased significantly. In view of the instability of the financial market, the trading volume does not grow steadily. Many investors do not understand the development of the enterprise, but only conduct a superficial analysis of the enterprise’s public financial data. Such behavior may result in investors not receiving the expected returns. Therefore, this paper helps investors invest rationally by examining the Harvard Analytical Framework to take a holistic view of corporate financial statement data.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Zhenggan Cai ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Long Chen

The Harvard Analytical Framework is a financial analysis framework jointly proposed by three Harvard economists. Analysis of financial statements based on the Harvard framework not only helps to identify problems in the business process, but also to predict future growth potential. In this paper, the publicly traded company Nanjing Sonic was selected as the target company for the study. The Harvard Analytical Framework was adopted as an analytical tool to analyze the operating conditions and financial status of the target company for the years 2015-2019. A comparison with similar companies reveals the problems that exist. Finally, we forecast the future development prospects of the company.


2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1289-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Murray Grein ◽  
Stefanie L. Tate

ABSTRACT We take advantage of the unique reporting requirements of nonprofit public housing authorities (PHAs) to study the effect of audits on financial information both generally and when there are management incentives to misreport financial data. There is little prior research on the effect of audit adjustments in nonprofit settings and conflicting research on how auditors react to management's incentives to misreport. We identify potential financial statement areas at risk of manipulation based on incentives specific to public housing authorities. Using pre- and post-audit financial data for almost 3,600 PHAs across seven years, we find that auditors make economically and statistically significant adjustments to PHA financial statements. In addition, we find evidence that audits appear to reduce potential management bias, particularly to reduce risks of overstatement. Overall, audits appear to matter in this nonprofit, low-litigation risk setting where there is a large concentration of non-Big 4 auditors.


2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. A12-A20
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Turner

SUMMARY: PCAOB Auditing Standard No. 5 prescribes assessing internal controls over financial reporting using a “top-down” approach. This paper describes a method for documenting internal controls that aligns the documentation for application controls to the overall top-down audit approach. This method identifies critical data flow paths by beginning with the general ledger and tracing data backward (down) through the system to its origin, effectively focusing on the critical data repositories in the financial reporting process. It also directs attention to the processes that affect critical financial data and to where controls related to those processes should exist based on management assertions about financial statement account balances. The approach is both more efficient and effective than traditional bottom-up documentation approaches.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila Rajab ◽  
israeni

Financial statements are an important tool to obtain information regarding the financial position and results achieved by the company. Financial statements are one of the most important sources of information for making economic decisions. Financial statement analysis includes the application of tools and techniques to financial statements and financial data in order to obtain measures and relationships that are useful in the decision-making process.


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Pipit Putri Hariani MD ◽  
Indah Purnama Sari ◽  
Ismail Hanif Batubara

<p>This study aimed to help improve school financial management by diverting the recording of financial data manually and presenting it manually through an android-based financial report presentation model to Muhammadiyah Vocational Schools in Medan City. The android-based financial report presentation model is carried out using descriptive qualitative methods based on the level of effectiveness and efficiency of using tools in the process of analyzing school financial data and supporting government efforts to reduce community activities outside the home, including education workers in order to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus as well as in efforts to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus in improving the quality of education through the use and use of technology. This research was carried out in several stages, starting from the stage of determining the problem, finding supporting data, and reaching the stage of data analysis; a model was obtained that was able to improve time efficiency in the presentation of financial statements when this model was applied to Muhammadiyah Vocational Schools in particular and other schools in Indonesia. Medan city and other regions, compared to the manual recording and presentation of financial statements.</p>


Author(s):  
Nguyen Tien Hung ◽  
Huynh Van Sau

The study was conducted to identify fraudulent financial statements at listed companies (DNNY) on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE) through the Triangular Fraud Platform This is a test of VSA 240. At the same time, the conformity assessment of this model in the Vietnamese market. The results show that the model is based on two factors: the ratio of sales to total assets and return on assets; an Opportunity Factor (Education Level); and two factors Attitude (change of independent auditors and opinion of independent auditors). This model is capable of accurately forecasting more than 78% of surveyed sample businesses and nearly 72% forecasts for non-research firms.  Keywords Triangle fraud, financial fraud report, VSA 240 References Nguyễn Tiến Hùng & Võ Hồng Đức (2017), “Nhận diện gian lận báo cáo tài chính: Bằng chứng thực nghiệm tại các doanh nghiệp niêm yết ở Việt Nam”, Tạp chí Công Nghệ Ngân Hàng, số 132 (5), tr. 58-72.[2]. Hà Thị Thúy Vân (2016), “Thủ thuật gian lận trong lập báo cáo tài chính của các công ty niêm yết”, Tạp chí tài chính, kỳ 1, tháng 4/2016 (630). [3]. Cressey, D. R. (1953). Other people's money; a study of the social psychology of embezzlement. New York, NY, US: Free Press.[4]. Bộ Tài Chính Việt Nam, (2012). Chuẩn mực kiểm toán Việt Nam số 240 – Trách nhiệm của kiểm toán viên đối với gian lận trong kiểm toán báo cáo tài chính. [5]. Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of financial economics, 3(4), 305-360.[6]. Võ Hồng Đức & Phan Bùi Gia Thủy (2014), Quản trị công ty: Lý thuyết và cơ chế kiểm soát, Ấn bản lần 1, Tp.HCM, Nxb Thanh Niên.[7]. Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman independence on corporate fraud. Managerial Finance 26 (11): 55-67.[9]. Skousen, C. J., Smith, K. R., & Wright, C. J. (2009). Detecting and predicting financial statement fraud: The effectiveness of the fraud triangle and SAS No. 99. Available at SSRN 1295494.[10]. Lou, Y. I., & Wang, M. L. (2011). Fraud risk factor of the fraud triangle assessing the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting. Journal of Business and Economics Research (JBER), 7(2).[11]. Perols, J. L., & Lougee, B. A. (2011). The relation between earnings management and financial statement fraud. Advances in Accounting, 27(1), 39-53.[12]. Trần Thị Giang Tân, Nguyễn Trí Tri, Đinh Ngọc Tú, Hoàng Trọng Hiệp và Nguyễn Đinh Hoàng Uyên (2014), “Đánh giá rủi ro gian lận báo cáo tài chính của các công ty niêm yết tại Việt Nam”, Tạp chí Phát triển kinh tế, số 26 (1) tr.74-94.[13]. Kirkos, E., Spathis, C., & Manolopoulos, Y. (2007). Data mining techniques for the detection of fraudulent financial statements. Expert Systems with Applications, 32(4), 995-1003.[14]. Amara, I., Amar, A. B., & Jarboui, A. (2013). Detection of Fraud in Financial Statements: French Companies as a Case Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(3), 40-51.[15]. Beasley, M. S. (1996). An empirical analysis of the relation between the board of director composition and financial statement fraud. Accounting Review, 443-465.[16]. Beneish, M. D. (1999). The detection of earnings manipulation. Financial Analysts Journal, 55(5), 24-36.[17]. Persons, O. S. (1995). Using financial statement data to identify factors associated with fraudulent financial reporting. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 11(3), 38-46.[18]. Summers, S. L., & Sweeney, J. T. (1998). Fraudulently misstated financial statements and insider trading: An empirical analysis. Accounting Review, 131-146.[19]. Dechow, P. M., Sloan, R. G., & Sweeney, A. P. (1996). Causes and consequences of earnings manipulation: An analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC. Contemporary accounting research, 13(1), 1-36.[20]. Loebbecke, J. K., Eining, M. M., & Willingham, J. J. (1989). Auditors experience with material irregularities – Frequency, nature, and detectability. Auditing – A journal of practice and Theory, 9(1), 1-28. [21]. Abbott, L. J., Park, Y., & Parker, S. (2000). The effects of audit committee activity and independence on corporate fraud. Managerial Finance, 26(11), 55-68.[22]. Farber, D. B. (2005). Restoring trust after fraud: Does corporate governance matter?. The Accounting Review, 80(2), 539-561.[23]. Stice, J. D. (1991). Using financial and market information to identify pre-engagement factors associated with lawsuits against auditors. Accounting Review, 516-533.[24]. Beasley, M. S., Carcello, J. V., & Hermanson, D. R. (1999). COSO's new fraud study: What it means for CPAs. Journal of Accountancy, 187(5), 12.[25]. Neter, J., Wasserman, W., & Kutner, M. H. (1990). Applied statistical models.Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Burr Ridge, IL.[26]. Gujarati, D. N. (2009). Basic econometrics. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.[27]. McFadden, D. (1974). Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualita-tive Choice Behavior," in Frontiers in Econometrics, P. Zarenm-bka, ed. New York: Academic Press, 105-42.(1989). A Method of Simulated Moments for Estimation of Discrete Response Models Without Numerical Integration," Econometrica, 54(3), 1027-1058.[28]. DA Cohen, ADey, TZ Lys. (2008), “Accrual-Based Earnings Management in the Pre-and Post-Sarbanes-Oxley Periods”. The accounting review.


2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Mariati ◽  
Emmy Indrayani

Company’s financial condition reflected in the financial statements. However, there are many loopholes in the financial statements which can become a chance for the management and certain parties to commit fraud on the financial statements. This study aims to detect financial statement fraud as measured using fraud score model that occurred in issuers entered into the LQ-45 index in 2014-2016 with the use of six independent variables are financial stability, external pressure, financial target, nature of industry, ineffective monitoring and rationalization. This study using 27 emiten of LQ-45 index during 2014-2016. However, there are some data outlier that shall be removed, thus sample results obtained 66 data from 25 companies. Multiple linear regression analysis were used in this study. The results showed that the financial stability variables (SATA), nature of industry (RECEIVBLE), ineffective monitoring (IND) and rationalization (ITRENDLB) proved to be influential or have the capability to detect financial statement fraud. While the external pressure variables (DER) and financial target (ROA) are not able to detect the existence of financial statement fraud. Simultaneously all variables in this study were able to detect significantly financial statement fraud.


2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Lasminisih ◽  
Emmy Indrayani

Company financial statement can be used to monitor the performance of a company. Financial statements are also used as a means for decision making so that the company can anticipate future plans. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Return on Assets (ROA) on profit changes percentage of Banking Companies. The number of sample companies used in this study was 27 Banks listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange with observation periods from 2007 to 2008. The method used in this study was multiple regression. The results of this study have indicated that CAR, LDR, and ROA gave significant effects on changes in Banks profit so that Banking Companies performances can be measured. Keywords: CAR, LDR, ROA, Profit


2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pepa Kraft

ABSTRACT I examine a dataset of both quantitative (hard) adjustments to firms' reported U.S. GAAP financial statement numbers and qualitative (soft) adjustments to firms' credit ratings that Moody's develops and uses in its credit rating process. I first document differences between firms' reported and Moody's adjusted numbers that are both large and frequent across firms. For example, primarily because of upward adjustments to interest expense and debt attributable to firms' off-balance sheet debt, on average, adjusted coverage (cash flow-to-debt) ratios are 27 percent (8 percent) lower and adjusted leverage ratios are 70 percent higher than the corresponding U.S. GAAP ratios. I then find that Moody's hard and soft rating adjustments are associated with significantly higher credit spreads and flatter credit spread term structures. Overall, the results indicate that Moody's quantitative adjustments to financial statement numbers and qualitative adjustments to credit ratings enable it to better capture default risk, consistent with it effectively processing both hard and soft information.


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