Thyroiditis, Goiter, Thyroid Nodules, and Thyroid Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Ladenson
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Munchausen Syndrome ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Key Words Hypothyroidism

Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine conditions encountered in clinical practice. Persons of either sex and any age can be affected, although almost all forms of thyroid disease are more frequent in women than in men, and many thyroid ailments increase in incidence with age. The presentation of thyroid conditions can range from clinically obvious to clinically silent. Their consequences can be widespread and serious, even life-threatening. With proper testing, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis can be established with certainty, and effective treatments can be instituted for almost all patients. This review contains 1 figure, 7 tables, and 31 references. Key Words: Hypothyroidism, Thyrotoxicosis, Thyrotropin, celiac disease, vitiligo, pernicious anemia, Sjögren syndrome, Graves disease, Munchausen syndrome

Thyroiditis, Goiter, Thyroid Nodules, and Thyroid Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Ladenson
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Munchausen Syndrome ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Key Words Hypothyroidism

Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine conditions encountered in clinical practice. Persons of either sex and any age can be affected, although almost all forms of thyroid disease are more frequent in women than in men, and many thyroid ailments increase in incidence with age. The presentation of thyroid conditions can range from clinically obvious to clinically silent. Their consequences can be widespread and serious, even life-threatening. With proper testing, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis can be established with certainty, and effective treatments can be instituted for almost all patients. This review contains 1 figure, 7 tables, and 31 references. Key Words: Hypothyroidism, Thyrotoxicosis, Thyrotropin, celiac disease, vitiligo, pernicious anemia, Sjögren syndrome, Graves disease, Munchausen syndrome

scholarly journals Advancements in Clinical Thyroidology in 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Maria Brito ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
American Thyroid Association ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
In Pregnancy

In this article, we summarize the seminal highlights of clinical thyroidology literature published in 2016. The main focus of these articles were thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, cubclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy, Graves℉ disease in pregnancy, the American Thyroid Association guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer, and the American Thyroid Association guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis.

scholarly journals Treatment of juvenile Graves' disease and its ophthalmic complication: the 'European way'

2004 ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Krassas
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Ophthalmic Complication ◽  
Almost All

Three treatment modalities are available for Graves' disease: antithyroid drugs, surgery and radioactive iodine (RAI). None has been shown to be ideal or superior to the others. There are wide differences between individual physicians and between the physicians in different countries on the optional treatment for childhood hyperthyroidism. While antithyroid drugs remain the initial treatment of choice in almost all the medical centers in Europe, with surgery being used mainly to deal with antithyroid failures, radioiodine is preferred by only a small percentage of physicians for this group of patients. In the USA, on the contrary, radioiodine treatment of thyrotoxicosis in children has strong advocates, who emphasize the safety, simplicity and economic advantages of iodine-131 ablation, which should be considered more commonly in children. Until now, the available data have shown no significant increase in thyroid neoplasia, gonadal injury or congenital abnormalities in the offspring of older children and adults receiving RAI for thyrotoxicosis. Given the considerable increase in the risk of thyroid cancer in young children exposed to external radiation, it has been hypothesized that there may be a small increase in the risk of thyroid cancer in young children treated with RAI. Until long-term data on safety are available, specifically for young children, differences between the physicians in different countries will remain.

Calcitonin screening in patients with thyroid nodules

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kobe ◽  
M. Schmidt ◽  
D. Kahraman ◽  
G. Malchau ◽  
M. Faust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽  
Calcitonin Screening

Summary Aim: The positive predictive value (PPV) of a slightly elevated basal calcitonin (CT) for the diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is still under debate. Patients, methods: A total of 11 270 patients with thyroid nodules underwent calcitonin screening. Patients with known elevation of CT, renal insufficiency, bacterial infection, alcohol abuse, protonpump inhibitor therapy or autoimmune thyroid disease were excluded from further analysis. Serum CT was determined by the solid-phase, enzyme-labeled, two-site chemiluminescent immunoassay Immulite 2000. If possible, a pentagastrin test was done to differentiate cases of hypercalcitoninaemia. Results: Hypercalcitoninsemia was found in 32 patients. 20 patients underwent surgery. In 10 patients a MTC was found. The PPV of hyper calcitoninaemia for MTC was 31%. The PPV increased to 50% for those patients who underwent surgery (10/20). A subgroup of 26 patients presented with basal CT between 13 and 50 pg/ml, 14 of them underwent surgery, in 4 cases evidence of MTC was revealed. This resulted in a PPV of 15% (4/26), although the value increased to 28% when only surgically treated patients were considered (4/14). Conclusion: Taking all clinical data into account, calcitonin screening has an acceptable PPV for medullary thyroid cancer in patients with thyroid nodules. Therefore, we recommend calcitonin screening in centers for thyroid disorders.

Graves' disease, thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Belfiore ◽  
Diego Russo ◽  
Riccardo Vigneri ◽  
Sebastiano Filetti
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Graves Disease

Thyroid Cancer and Nodules in Graves’ Disease: A Single Center Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Casella ◽  
Riccardo Morandi ◽  
Apollonia Verrengia ◽  
Alessandro Galani ◽  
Sarah Molfino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Operative Assessment ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Us Scan

Background: The existence of a link between Graves’ Disease (GD) and Thyroid Cancer (TC) has long been investigated, however a clear pathogenic correlation has still to be found. Methods: In this study we analyzed retrospectively a cohort of 151 patients treated at our Clinic with total thyroidectomy between 2013 and 2018. All patients were symptomatic at the time of surgery, preoperatively ultrasonographic (US) study was performed to evaluate the presence of nodules and their distribution. All patients reached euthyroid state before surgery. Objective: We verified the presence of TC in patients submitted to surgery for GD, both with and without thyroid nodules (TN). Results: Nodules were detected in 53% of cases, above 60 y.o. at least one nodule was found, younger patients more frequently were nodules free. Bilateral diffusion of nodules appeared with increasing age. Cancer was found in 19 of 151 subjects (12.5%), all were papillary carcinomas, among them 93% were microcarcinomas. Among cancer-proven patients, 14 had thyroid nodules while 5 where nodule-free. During the follow up period no cancer recurrence was recorded. The most common complication after surgery was transient hypocalcemia (36%). Conclusions: Graves’ patients are burdened by major incidence of TC in the context of their TN. Pre-operative assessment in GD patients should consider the risk of cancer, US scan can help in rapid evaluation of nodules and new rising frontiers in molecular biomarkers analysis may help defining pathogenic basis of Graves’ neoplastic development.

scholarly journals Frequency of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in thyroidectomized patients with Graves’ disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caglar Keskin ◽  
Mustafa Sahin ◽  
Rovshan Hasanov ◽  
Berna Imge Aydogan ◽  
Ozgur Demir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Graves Disease

Thyroid nodules as a risk factor for thyroid cancer in patients with Graves’ disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies in surgically treated patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Papanastasiou ◽  
Konstantinos Sapalidis ◽  
Dimitrios G. Goulis ◽  
Nikolaos Michalopoulos ◽  
Evangelia Mareti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Graves Disease

scholarly journals Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in Graves’ disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 933-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Ali Tam ◽  
Cafer Kaya ◽  
Fevzi Balkan Mehmet Kılıç ◽  
Reyhan Ersoy ◽  
Bekir Çakır
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
External Irradiation ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Iodine Treatment

Objective The frequency of thyroid nodules accompanying Graves’ disease and the risk of thyroid cancer in presence of accompanying nodules are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of thyroid nodules and the risk of thyroid cancer in patients operated because of graves’ disease. Subjects and methods Five hundred and twenty-six patients in whom thyroidectomy was performed because of Graves’ disease between 2006 and 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients who had received radioactive iodine treatment and external irradiation treatment in the neck region and who had had thyroid surgery previously were not included in the study. Results While accompanying thyroid nodule was present in 177 (33.6%) of 526 Graves’ patients, thyroid nodule was absent in 349 (66.4%) patients. Forty-two (8%) patients had thyroid cancer. The rate of thyroid cancer was 5.4% (n = 19) in the Graves’ patients who had no nodule, whereas it was 13% (n = 23) in the patients who had nodule. The risk of thyroid cancer increased significantly in presence of nodule (p = 0.003). Three patients had recurrence. No patient had distant metastasis. No patient died during the follow-up period. Conclusions Especially Graves’ patients who have been decided to be followed up should be evaluated carefully during the follow-up in terms of thyroid cancer which may accompany. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(9):933-8

scholarly journals Analysis of Thyroid Cases in a Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Syed Abdul Hakeem
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Multinodular Goiter ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Indication For Surgery ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Careful Assessment

Background: Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, inflammation of thyroid (thyroiditis), thyroid enlargement (goitre), thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer are amongst the thyroid disorders. The study aims to the occurrence of various post-operative complications following thyroidectomy. Subjects and Methods: One hundred patients who underwent thyroid surgery, for various thyroid disorders were taken for the study. elaborate analysis of those patients who underwent thyroidectomy was done relating to numerous aspects like age, sex, diagnosis & indication for surgery, type of thyroidectomy procedure done, incidence of individual complications. Results: About 37% of the patients were diagnosed with multinodular goiter,followed in frequency by solitary thyroid nodule (27%) and Follicular adenoma (11%). Malignancy(bothfollicular     in 3 patientsandpapillary in 7 patients) was diagnosed in total 10 Patients out of 100. Three cases each of Diffuse colloid goiter and Primary thyrotoxicosis. Conclusion: Careful assessment of surgical and medical thérapeutic methods can still minimize the complications and repetition of thyroid surgery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document