Health Economics: Select Concepts of the Health Production Function, Risk, and Insurance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L Hall
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Insurance Contract ◽  
Health Care Economics ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Health Production Function ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Entire Theory

The production of health as an output of various inputs is a key concept of health care economics and a key influence on health care policy. Similarly, the notion of risk—that an outcome might not turn out as expected or hoped—underpins the entire theory of insurance. Insurance, and the benefits it can provide, cannot be understood without understanding risk, or without understanding how the features of an insurance contract transform risk for the individual, the payer, or society. The health economist, policy maker, leader, expert operator, financier, insurer, clinician of any stripe, patient or family or advocate, or other interested stakeholder must always consider the structural, clinical, and economic anatomy of health care in the context of the underlying physiology of these economic concepts. This review contains 2 figures, 1 table, and 14 references. Key Words: health economics, health policy, health production, marginal return (diminishing), utility, inputs, QALY, risk (aversion or tolerance), insurance (contract features)

Health Economics: Select Concepts of the Health Production Function, Risk, and Insurance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L Hall
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Insurance Contract ◽  
Health Care Economics ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Health Production Function ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Entire Theory

The production of health as an output of various inputs is a key concept of health care economics and a key influence on health care policy. Similarly, the notion of risk—that an outcome might not turn out as expected or hoped—underpins the entire theory of insurance. Insurance, and the benefits it can provide, cannot be understood without understanding risk, or without understanding how the features of an insurance contract transform risk for the individual, the payer, or society. The health economist, policy maker, leader, expert operator, financier, insurer, clinician of any stripe, patient or family or advocate, or other interested stakeholder must always consider the structural, clinical, and economic anatomy of health care in the context of the underlying physiology of these economic concepts. This review contains 2 figures, 1 table, and 14 references. Key Words: health economics, health policy, health production, marginal return (diminishing), utility, inputs, QALY, risk (aversion or tolerance), insurance (contract features)

Health Economics: Select Concepts of the Health Production Function, Risk, and Insurance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L Hall
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Insurance Contract ◽  
Health Care Economics ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Health Production Function ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Entire Theory

The production of health as an output of various inputs is a key concept of health care economics and a key influence on health care policy. Similarly, the notion of risk—that an outcome might not turn out as expected or hoped—underpins the entire theory of insurance. Insurance, and the benefits it can provide, cannot be understood without understanding risk, or without understanding how the features of an insurance contract transform risk for the individual, the payer, or society. The health economist, policy maker, leader, expert operator, financier, insurer, clinician of any stripe, patient or family or advocate, or other interested stakeholder must always consider the structural, clinical, and economic anatomy of health care in the context of the underlying physiology of these economic concepts. This review contains 2 figures, 1 table, and 14 references. Key Words: health economics, health policy, health production, marginal return (diminishing), utility, inputs, QALY, risk (aversion or tolerance), insurance (contract features)

Health Economics: Select Concepts of the Health Production Function, Risk, and Insurance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L Hall
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Insurance Contract ◽  
Health Care Economics ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Health Production Function ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Entire Theory

The production of health as an output of various inputs is a key concept of health care economics and a key influence on health care policy. Similarly, the notion of risk—that an outcome might not turn out as expected or hoped—underpins the entire theory of insurance. Insurance, and the benefits it can provide, cannot be understood without understanding risk, or without understanding how the features of an insurance contract transform risk for the individual, the payer, or society. The health economist, policy maker, leader, expert operator, financier, insurer, clinician of any stripe, patient or family or advocate, or other interested stakeholder must always consider the structural, clinical, and economic anatomy of health care in the context of the underlying physiology of these economic concepts. This review contains 2 figures, 1 table, and 14 references. Key Words: health economics, health policy, health production, marginal return (diminishing), utility, inputs, QALY, risk (aversion or tolerance), insurance (contract features)

scholarly journals Economic theory meets clinical practice: moral hazard

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Vasylyeva
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Health Care Economics ◽  
Services Utilization ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
Concept Of Health

Economic theory must be tested by reality to prove that the goal is achievable and reproducible. However, health care economics do not always theorize based on modern-day medical practice, which results in detachment of some economic recommendations from real-life medicine. The theory of “moral hazard” assumes that patients will utilize more medical services if they transfer the risk of cost to insurances. In this article, we will revisit the understanding of appropriate avoidance of medical services and incorporate no-show rate, avoidance of care, and nonadherence into the concept of health services utilization. The primary goal of this interdisciplinary commentary is to bridge economic theory with clinical practice. It is written from the perspective of a clinical practitioner, who applies realities of everyday medicine to economic reasoning. The author hopes that this abstract will extend the field of vision of health care economics.   

scholarly journals Methodological Development of Mathematical Modeling Techniques in Health Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3339-3342
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Optimal Decision Making ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Specific Modeling ◽  
Health Care Application

The advancement of mathematical model has utilized for simulating the output of medical is a development area over medicine whereas the modeling can be mentioned with several activities namely simulation or decision analysis and predictive modeling. However, the traditional modeling technique utilized in planning of health service, assessment reports and its efficiency, financing about health care and assessment in budget impact, assessment in health economics, surveillance of infectious disease and other health care application. Therefore, the mathematical modelling is performed as a frequent and timely benefit in order to make rapid decision making while facing investigation with several issues like time elapsing, unusual and unethical particularly projected for future. This paper focused in applying the mathematical modeling to accomplish an optimal decision making in healthcare whereas this study discuss about the specific modeling concepts namely decision tree and fuzzified rule tables on evaluation of health economics and better service planning that my replicate the individual experience or patients cohorts.

EU ‘Public Health’ and ‘Health-care’ Law and Policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anniek de Ruijter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
Health Care Law

Taking into consideration the central health provision in the Treaty, which outlines that health is to be ‘mainstreamed’ in all other EU policies, it could be inferred that EU public health and health-care policy and law is either non-existent as an autonomous policy area, or that it is basically everything, in that all EU public policy is also health policy. This puzzle forms the starting point for this chapter, which describes the nature of EU power in the field of human health currently. The chapter first, as an initial exploration, questions the existence of a European authoritative concept of ‘health’. Second, the chapter takes into consideration the nature of EU policymaking in general and regarding health in particular and develops a concept of EU health law and policy, distinguishing between EU public health and EU health-care law and policy. Last, to draw out the scope of EU health policy more specifically, a historical overview is given of the involvement of the EU in health. The chapter conceptualizes EU power in the field of human health as authoritative allocations of value through the European Union political system with the object of protecting and promoting human health. This conceptualization draws out the scope of policy that will be the central focus for the following chapters.

Legal and policy lessons from the Schiavo case: Is our right to choose the medical care we want seriously at risk?

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZITA LAZZARINI ◽  
STEPHEN ARONS ◽  
ALICE WISNIEWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Medical Futility ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
The Individual

The article explores the individual patient's right to refuse, withdraw, or insist on medical treatment where there is conflict over these issues involving health care personnel or institutions, family members, legal requirements, or third parties concerned with public policy or religious/ideological/political interests. Issues of physician assistance in dying and medical futility are considered. The basis and the current legal status of these rights is examined, and it is concluded that threats to the autonomy of patients, to the privacy of the doctor/patient relationship, and to the quality of medical care should be taken seriously by individuals, medical practitioners, and others concerned with developing and maintaining reasonable, effective, and ethical health care policy.

scholarly journals The access to complementary and integrative health practices in public health system in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Magalhaes ◽  
D Santos ◽  
G Martins ◽  
J Barbosa ◽  
M Riquieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Health Practices ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Integrative Health ◽  
Health Need ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background A qualitative and exploratory study that analyzed the perspective of access to Integrative and Complementary Practices in Health (PICS) by listening users from a selected service of primary care of a municipality. Objective Analyze the access to PICS in a health public service of a municipality in a state of Brazil, from the perspective of users, as well as aimed at understand the needs and desires of health care these users in the search process and use of PICS, identifying facilitators and barriers in this trajectory. Methods The theoretical reference from Frenk on access was used, which systematizes the flow of events at the moment when the health need is perceived until the effectiveness of the care, besides the demand and entrance in the health services and the continuity of the treatment. The data collection was done by participant observation and semi-structured interview with 29 users of the service. The narratives were worked through the analysis of thematic content. Results The results indicated two groups of PICS: complex medical systems and therapeutic resources. There were differences in the organization of the offer with consequent influence on the different forms of access. It was registered the interest for the use of health care in a non-biomedical logic and a re-signification of the health-disease process in PICS users, contributing to the continuity of health production. Conclusions It was concluded that the current models of access analysis do not contemplate the diversities of access to the PICS, and the various possibilities of encounters with these practices allow the identification of the marginality of this care in all cases analyzed. Key messages Integrative and Complementary Health Practices gain national relevance as they contribute to the development of health promoting activities, focus on the individual, prevention and comprehensive care. However, considered a controversial topic in a hegemonically biomedical scenario, the incorporation of these new knowledge and practices in the health field occurs in a marginal way.

Die Gesundheitsbetriebslehre: Eine spezielle Betriebswirtschaftslehre des Gesundheitswesens

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Andreas Frodl
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Health Care Economics ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The Individual

Nicht nur auf der makroökonomischen Ebene der gesamten öffentlichen Gesundheitsversorgung wird sinnvolles Wirtschaften zunehmend wichtig, sondern auch auf der mikroökonomischen Ebene des einzelnen Gesundheitsbetriebes. Will man diese gesundheitspolitische Zielsetzung einer ökonomischen Optimierung verfolgen, so ist ihr Erfolg an die Voraussetzung geknüpft, dass die Angehörigen des Gesundheitswesens über betriebswirtschaftliche Ausbildungsgänge, Studieninhalte und passende Weiterbildungsangebote verfügen können. Die Gesundheitsbetriebslehre befasst sich hierzu mit der Tatsache, dass die Ressourcen für einen Gesundheitsbetrieb begrenzt sind und daher einen ökonomischen Umgang mit den knappen Mitteln erfordern. Sie versucht dabei betriebliche Sachverhalte zu erläutern, Zusammenhänge zu erklären und aufgrund des Aufzeigens von Handlungsalternativen und deren Bewertung Gestaltungsempfehlungen für das Gesundheitswesen zu geben. Not only on the macro-economic level of public health care managing becomes increasingly important, but also on the micro-economic level of the individual health service. The health care economics are concerned for this with the fact that resources for a health service are limited and require from there economic handling. It tries to describe thereby operational facts and give due to pointing out action alternatives and organization recommendations for the health service connections. Keywords: wirtschaftswissenschaften, non profit organisation npo, minimalprinzip, maximalprinzip, kmu

A Call to Arms: Economic Barriers to Optimal Dialysis Care

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. McFarlane ◽  
David C. Mendelssohn
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Patient Choice ◽  
Health Care Economics ◽  
Dialysis Modality ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Epidemic growth rates and the enormous cost of dialysis pressure end-stage renal disease (ESRD) delivery systems around the world. Payers of dialysis services can constrain costs through ( 1 ) limiting access to dialysis, ( 2 ) reducing the quality of dialysis, and ( 3 ) placing constraints on modality distribution. In order to secure the necessary resources for ESRD care, we propose that the nephrology community consider the following suggestions: First, future leaders in dialysis should acquire additional advanced training in innovative pathways such as health care economics, business and health care administration, and health care policy. Second, the international nephrology community must strongly engage in ongoing advocacy for accessible, high quality, cost-effective care. Third, efforts should be made to better define and then implement optimal dialysis modality distributions that maximize patient outcomes but limit unnecessary costs. Fourth, industry should be encouraged to lower the unit cost of dialysis, allowing for improved access to dialysis, especially in developing countries. Fifth, research should be encouraged that seeks to identify measures that will reduce dialysis costs but will not impair quality of care. Finally, early referral of patients with progressive renal disease to nephrology clinics, empowerment of informed patient choice of dialysis modality, and proper and timely access creation should be encouraged and can be expected to help limit overall expenditures. Ongoing efforts in these areas by the nephrology community will be essential if we are to overcome the challenges of ESRD growth in this new decade.

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