Radiation Safety in Vascular Surgery

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy B. Reed ◽  
Melissa L Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Endovascular Procedures ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
National Council ◽  
Skin Injury ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Harmful Effects

Modern vascular surgeons perform an ever-increasing number of complex endovascular procedures, largely based on patient preference, decreased length of stay, and improved outcome. With the upsurge of endovascular cases, concern has grown regarding the harmful effects of radiation exposure delivered to the patient and the operator. Surgeon education on the appropriate use of fluoroscopic operating factors coupled with appropriate training in radiation safety has been shown to decrease radiation dose. This review elucidates dose terminology and metrics, possible radiation-induced injuries, risk factors for deterministic injury, and radiation safety principles and techniques. Tables provide practical tips to lower patient and operator radiation dose during fluoroscopically guided intervention, and National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements recommended dose limits for occupational exposure. Figures illustrate reference air kerma, radiation-induced skin injury, effects of image receptor and table position, and operator exposure. This review contains 4 figures, 3 tables, and 53 references.

scholarly journals A Compact Model to Evaluate the Effects of High Level C++ Code Hardening in Radiation Environments

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Maria Reyneri ◽  
Alejandro Serrano-Cases ◽  
Yolanda Morilla ◽  
Sergio Cuenca-Asensi ◽  
Antonio Martínez-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Model ◽  
Radiation Hardening ◽  
Compact Model ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Protons And Neutrons ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Harmful Effects

A high-level C++ hardening library is designed for the protection of critical software against the harmful effects of radiation environments that can damage systems. A mathematical and empirical model to predict system behavior in the presence of radiation induced faults is also presented. This model generates a quick evaluation and adjustment of several reliability vs. performance trade-offs, to optimize radiation hardening based on the proposed C++ hardening library. Several simulations and irradiation campaigns with protons and neutrons are used to build the model and to tune it. Finally, the effects of our hardening approach are compared with other hardened and non-hardened approaches.

Radiation-induced impairment of bone healing in the rat femur: effects of radiation dose, sequence and interval between surgery and irradiation

1998 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Arnold ◽  
Paul Stas ◽  
Johann Kummermehr ◽  
Susanne Schultz-Hector ◽  
Klaus-Ruediger Trott
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Rat Femur ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Radiation Safety

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Maddy ◽  
Kevin Abnet ◽  
Geoffrey Scriver ◽  
Mrinal Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Anesthesia Practice ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Exposure to ionizing radiation is increasing in modern anesthesia practice, due to both the number of procedures facilitated and the expanding role of imaging in surgical practice. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommends that physicians who assist with radiation procedures be educated on the basics of radiation including units, effects of radiation exposure, and radiation protection for both providers and patients. This chapter will mirror the recommendations of the ICRP and include an introduction to radiation production, terminology, units, effects on the human body, dose limits, best practices for radiation protection, and safety infrastructure.

scholarly journals Radiation Safety Culture: The Way Forward in Practicing Interventional Radiology

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Livingstone ◽  
Anna Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Safety Culture ◽  
Interventional Procedures ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Safety Work ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

AbstractRadiation dose from catheter-based interventional procedures performed in catheterization laboratories are of concern as an increase of radiation dose beyond threshold limits will be detrimental to the patient. It is important that radiation personnel understand the biological effects of radiation since patient and staff exposure may be significantly high when not adhered to radiation safety standards. Use of protective accessories, such as lead aprons and goggles, has been practiced worldwide for individual protection. Dose audit during interventional procedures is important for the benefit of the patient. Several factors including angiographic equipment, preset protocols, and tube angulations that influence radiation dose to patient and operators and hence modification on radiation safety work practices in the catheterization lab is warranted. Implementing periodic radiation safety training for occupational workers would be beneficial to practice a radiation safety culture.

scholarly journals Radiation-induced skin injury after complex endovascular procedures

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 742-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Kirkwood ◽  
Gary M. Arbique ◽  
Jeffrey B. Guild ◽  
Carlos Timaran ◽  
R. James Valentine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Procedures ◽  
Skin Injury ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Radiation-Induced Senescence Bystander Effect: The Role of Exosomes

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Elbakrawy ◽  
Savneet Kaur Bains ◽  
Scott Bright ◽  
Raheem AL-Abedi ◽  
Ammar Mayah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Bystander Effects ◽  
Low Radiation Dose ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Mechanism Control ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Harmful Effects

Ionizing Radiation (IR), especially at high doses, induces cellular senescence in exposed cultures. IR also induces “bystander effects” through signals released from irradiated cells, and these effects include many of the same outcomes observed following direct exposure. Here, we investigate if radiation can cause senescence through a bystander mechanism. Control cultures were exposed directly to 0, 0.1, 2, and 10 Gy. Unirradiated cells were treated with medium from irradiated cultures or with exosomes extracted from irradiated medium. The level of senescence was determined post-treatment (24 h, 15 days, 30 days, and 45 days) by β-galactosidase staining. Media from cultures exposed to all four doses, and exosomes from these cultures, induced significant senescence in recipient cultures. Senescence levels were initially low at the earliest timepoint, and peaked at 15 days, and then decreased with further passaging. These results demonstrate that senescence is inducible through a bystander mechanism. As with other bystander effects, bystander senescence was induced by a low radiation dose. However, unlike other bystander effects, cultures recovered from bystander senescence after repeated passaging. Bystander senescence may be a potentially significant effect of exposure to IR, and may have both beneficial and harmful effects in the context of radiotherapy.

QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY ON AWARENESS OF RADIATION SAFETY AND PROTECTION AMONG DENTISTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Rahul B ◽  
Mutum Sangeeta Devi ◽  
Manju J ◽  
Niveditha B
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Radiation Physics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Knowledge Group ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Dental Radiographs ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Harmful Effects

Dental radiographs have long been the standard method for detecting oral illness. The harmful effects of radiation produced by dental radiographs is very low but still continuous exposure to radiation will cause harm to human health. This study aim is to estimate the awareness of radiation safety and protection in dental practice. Material and method - A questionnaire with ten questions was prepared and circulated to 100 dentists from different parts of India. Responses were gathered, and an appraisal was made as a result. Result- A total of 100 dentists responded enthusiastically and took part in it. Most of the dentists were aware of harmful effects of dental x-ray and its radiation physics and biology. Many of them are not using personal monitoring device for measuring radiation exposure. Conclusion: Radiation security expertise and experience was insufcient. While many participants had strong knowledge of radiation safety, risks, and defense, some fall into the average knowledge group, according to this study. In spite of having knowledge of harmful effects of radiation, many dentists have not used any safety protection and have not followed safety protocols. To avoid the risks in future more awareness programs have to be conducted about radiation safety and protection

scholarly journals Quercetin 3 Rutinoside Facilitates Protection Against Radiation Induced Genotoxic and Oxidative Damage A Study in C57bl 6 Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Savita Verma ◽  
Ajaswrata Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Very High ◽  
Reducing Potential ◽  
Marrow Cells

Radiation-induced oxidative stress and haematopoietic genomic instability is the major concern during planned or unplanned exposure. Use of the natural phytochemicals is an emerging strategy to prevent from the harmful effects of radiation. In the current investigation, Quercetin 3-Rutinoside (Q-3-R), a polyphenolic bioflavonoid, has been evaluated against gamma radiation (2Gy) induced genotoxic damage and oxidative imbalance in mice. Mice were administered with Q-3-R (10mg/kg body weight) 1hr prior to irradiation and evaluated for its antioxidant potential. Anti-genotoxic potential was assessed in terms of chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells. Findings revealed that Q-3-R had very high reducing potential, effectively scavenged 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide radicals, chelated metal ions and inhibited lipid peroxidation in a dose dependant manner. The glutathione (GSH) levels were found elevated (p<0.05), while reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were seen in blood and liver tissues of Q-3-R pretreated mice. Significant (p<0.01) reduction in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels and radiation induced aberrations (dicentrics, rings, fragments, end to end association, robertsonian translocation) following Q-3-R pretreatment was found in bone marrow cells. The present findings demonstrate that Q-3-R can effectively minimise radiation-induced genotoxic and oxidative damages and can be explored further to be used as a potent radioprotector in humans.

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