Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of distance from cementoenamel junction to alveolar crest before and after nonextraction orthodontic treatment

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest before and after orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 30 patients with Angle Class I malocclusion and mild to moderate crowding. The study database comprised dental CBCT scans obtained before and after orthodontic treatment. The distance between the cementoenamel junction to the bone crest of the buccal (n = 720) and lingual (n = 720) surfaces was measured in 24 teeth for each patient using a specific software tool (Xoran version 3.1.62). The Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis, and the level of significance was set at P < .05. Results: The distance between the cementoenamel junction and the bone crest increased in 822 (57%) of the 1440 surfaces after orthodontic treatment. The buccal surface of the lower central incisors had the greatest frequency of increased distance (75%), and the lingual surface of lateral incisors had the lowest (40%). The distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest was greater than 2 mm (alveolar bone dehiscence) in 162 (11%) of the 1440 surfaces before orthodontic treatment and in 279 (19%) after treatment. Conclusions: The distance from the cementoenamel junction to the bone crest changed after orthodontic treatment; the distance was greater than 2 mm in 11% of the surfaces before treatment and in 19% after treatment.

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Cone beam computed tomography evaluations of marginal alveolar bone before and after orthodontic treatment combined with premolar extractions

European Journal Of Oral Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.00964.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 120 (3) ◽

pp. 201-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Henrik Lund ◽

Kerstin Gröndahl ◽

Hans-Göran Gröndahl

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Before And After

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Apical root resorption due to orthodontic treatment detected by cone beam computed tomography

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/032112-240.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 196-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Iury O. Castro ◽

Ana H. G. Alencar ◽

José Valladares-Neto ◽

Carlos Estrela

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Apical Root Resorption ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Before And After

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the frequency of apical root resorption (ARR) due to orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a sample of 1256 roots from 30 patients. Materials and Methods: All patients had Class I malocclusion with crowding. Of the 30 patients evaluated, 11 were boys and 19 were girls; their mean age was 13 years (11 to 16 years). Orthodontic treatment followed the nonextraction treatment. CBCT images were obtained before and after orthodontic treatment, and ARR was determined using Axial Guided Navigation of CBCT images. Results: All patients had ARR. No statistically significant association was found between resorption frequency, gender, and age. ARR was detected using CBCT in 46% of all roots that underwent orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: CBCT was effective for detecting in vivo even minimal degrees of ARR due to orthodontic treatment and allowed three-dimensional evaluation of dental roots and visualization of palatine roots of maxillary molars. The highest frequencies and the most significant ARR occurred in incisors and distal roots of first maxillary and mandibular molars.

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Contribution of cone beam computed tomography to the detection of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment in root-filled and vital teeth

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/042814-308.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. 771-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Iury Castro ◽

José Valladares-Neto ◽

Carlos Estrela

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Apical Root Resorption ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of ◽

Mean Differences

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate whether root-filled teeth are similar to vital pulp teeth in terms of apical root resorption (ARR) after orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: An original sample of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 1256 roots from 30 orthodontic patients were analyzed. The inclusion criteria demanded root-filled teeth and their contralateral vital teeth, while teeth with history of trauma had to be excluded to comply with exclusion criteria. CBCT images of root-filled teeth were compared before and after orthodontic treatment in a split-mouth design study. Tooth measurements were made with multiplanar reconstruction using axial-guided navigation. The statistical difference between the treatment effects was compared using the paired t-test. Results: Twenty posterior root-filled teeth and their contralaterals with vital pulp were selected before orthodontic treatment from six adolescents (two boys and four girls; mean [SD] age 12.8 [1.8] years). No differences were detected between filled and vital root lengths before treatment (P = .4364). The mean differences in root length between preorthodontic and postorthodontic treatment in filled- and vital roots were −0.30 mm and −0.16 mm, respectively, without any statistical difference (P = .4197) between them. Conclusion: There appears to be no increase in ARR after orthodontic treatment in root-filled teeth with no earlier ARR.

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Volumetric evaluation of root resorption on the upper incisors using cone beam computed tomography after 1 year of orthodontic treatment in adult patients with marginal bone loss

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/121717-868.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 710-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pornputthi Puttaravuttiporn ◽

Mutita Wongsuwanlert ◽

Chairat Charoemratrote ◽

Chidchanok Leethanakul

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Volume Loss ◽

Root Volume

ABSTRACTObjectives:To determine upper incisor root resorption, volume loss, and the relationship between root volume loss and tooth movement after 1 year of orthodontic treatment in patients with marginal bone loss.Materials and Methods:A total of 30 women (46.3 ± 5.4 years old) with moderate upper incisor bone loss who required intrusion during orthodontic treatment were recruited. Pre- and post-treatment cone beam computed tomography images were reconstructed. Upper incisors at pre- and post-treatment were superimposed; labio- and palato-apical, middle, and coronal third root volumes were assessed. Tooth movement and alveolar bone height were measured from lateral cephalometric radiographs and cone beam computed tomography. Changes in root volume/alveolar bone height were compared using paired-sample t-tests, percentage root volume loss for each tooth/segment was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance, and the relationship between percentage root loss and degree of tooth movement was assessed by linear regression.Results:Mean root volume significantly decreased on the labio- and palato-apical aspects of 12 and labio-apical aspects of 21 and 22 (P ≤ .024). Palato-apical segment volume loss was greater on lateral than central incisors (P ≤ .016). Two-dimensional root length and cementoenamel junction-bone crest distance did not change between T0 and T1, with no significant relationship between tooth movement amount and percentage root volume loss.Conclusions:Delivery of 40 g intrusive force to the four upper incisors using a T-loop and the leveling phase lead to more apical root volume loss on lateral than central incisors. There was no relationship between extent of tooth movement and upper incisor root volume loss.

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Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliances: a cone beam computed tomography study

Progress in Orthodontics ◽

10.1186/s40510-019-0301-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuan Li ◽

Shiyong Deng ◽

Li Mei ◽

Zhengzheng Li ◽

Xinyun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Length ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Lateral Incisor ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Apical Root Resorption ◽

Before And After ◽

Fixed Appliances

Abstract Background Fixed appliances have been the mainstream for orthodontic treatment, while clear aligners, such as Invisalign system, have become increasingly popular. The prevalence of apical root resorption (ARR) in patients with clear aligners is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the prevalence and severity of ARR in patients treated with clear aligners and fixed appliances using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods A total of 373 roots from 70 subjects, with similar baseline characteristics and the ABO discrepancy index scores (i.e., treatment difficulty), were included into two groups: the clear aligners group (Invisalign, Align Technology, California, USA) and fixed appliances group (Victory Series; 3 M Unitek, California, USA). Root length of each anterior tooth was measured on the CBCT images by two blinded investigators. The ARR on each tooth was calculated as the difference of root length before and after orthodontic treatment. Chi-square test and paired t test was used to compare the ARR between the two groups as well as before and after orthodontic treatments. Results Prevalence of ARR in the clear aligners group (56.30%) was significantly lower than that in the fixed appliances group (82.11%) (P < 0.001). The severity of ARR in the clear aligners group (0.13 ± 0.47 mm) was significantly less than that in the fixed appliances group (1.12 ± 1.34 mm) (P < 0.001). The most severe ARR was found on the maxillary canine (1.53 ± 1.92 mm) and lateral incisor (1.31 ± 1.33 mm) in the fixed appliances group; the least ARR was found on the mandibular canine (− 0.06 ± 0.47 mm) and lateral incisor (0.04 ± 0.48 mm) in the clear aligners group (P < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence and severity of ARR measured on CBCT in patients with clear aligners were less than those in patients with fixed appliances.

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Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography to Assess Changes in Alveolar Bone Width around Dental Implants at Native and Reconstructed Bone Sites: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11101011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1011

Author(s):

Kai-Fang Hu ◽

Szu-Wei Lin ◽

Ying-Chu Lin ◽

Jiiang-Huei Jeng ◽

Yu-Ting Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Cone Beam ◽

P Value ◽

Implant Surgery ◽

Native Bone ◽

Bone Width ◽

Before And After

The aim of this study was to use a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess changes in alveolar bone width around dental implants at native and reconstructed bone sites before and after implant surgery. A total of 99 implant sites from 54 patients with at least two CBCT scans before and after implant surgery during 2010–2019 were assessed in this study. Demographic data, dental treatments and CBCT scans were collected. Horizontal alveolar bone widths around implants at three levels (subcrestal width 1 mm (CW1), subcrestal width 4 mm (CW4), and subcrestal width 7 mm (CW7)) were measured. A p-value of < 0.05 indicated statistically significant differences. The initial bone widths (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) at CW1, CW4, and CW7 were 6.98 ± 2.24, 9.97 ± 2.64, and 11.33 ± 3.00 mm, respectively, and the postsurgery widths were 6.83 ± 2.02, 9.58 ± 2.55, and 11.19 ± 2.90 mm, respectively. The change in bone width was 0.15 ± 1.74 mm at CW1, 0.39 ± 1.12 mm at CW4 (p = 0.0008), and 0.14 ± 1.05 mm at CW7. A statistically significant change in bone width was observed at only the CW4 level. Compared with those at the native bone sites, the changes in bone width around implants at reconstructed sites did not differ significantly. A significant alveolar bone width resorption was found only at the middle third on CBCT scans. No significant changes in bone width around implants were detected between native and reconstructed bone sites.

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Assessment of the alveolar bone support of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: A cone-beam computed tomography study

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/092614-691.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 85 (6) ◽

pp. 1003-1008 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Esra Ercan ◽

Mevlut Celikoglu ◽

Suleyman Kutalmis Buyuk ◽

Ahmet Ercan Sekerci

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Bone Level

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the bone support of the teeth adjacent to a cleft using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The CBCT scans of 31 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) were assessed. The data for teeth neighboring the cleft were compared with those of contralateral noncleft teeth. For each tooth analyzed, the distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the bone crest (AC) at the buccal side was measured as was the thickness of the buccal bone level at 0, 1, 2, and 4 mm. Results: The bone thicknesses of the central teeth at the cleft region at the crest and 2 mm apically were statistically significantly thinner than that of the central incisor at a noncleft region. The CEJ-AC distance for central teeth at the cleft region was higher than that for central teeth in a noncleft region. Conclusions: Subjects with UCLP showed reduced bone support at teeth neighboring the cleft compared with controls. This may cause some problems during orthodontic treatment.

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Application of 3D tooth model for monitoring of implant space and inter-root distance without radiographs: a proof of concept study

International Journal of Implant Dentistry ◽

10.1186/s40729-020-00253-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kyungmin Lee ◽

Gyu-Hyoung Lee

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Treatment Evaluation ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Cbct Image ◽

Root Position

Abstract Background Radiographs are integral in evaluating implant space and inter-root distance. The purpose of this report is to introduce a method for evaluating the 3D root position with minimal radiation using a 3D tooth model composed of an intraoral-scanned crown and a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-scanned root. Materials and methods Intraoral scan and CBCT scan of the patient were obtained before treatment. In the CBCT image, tooth segmentation was performed by isolating individual teeth from the maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone using software program. The 3D tooth model was fabricated by combining segmented individual teeth with the intraoral scan. Results A post-treatment intraoral scan was integrated into the tooth model, and the resulting position of the root could be predicted without additional radiographs. It is possible to monitor the root position after a pretreatment CBCT scan using a 3D tooth model without additional radiographs. Conclusion The application of the 3D tooth model benefits the patient by reducing repeated radiation exposure while providing the clinician with a precise treatment evaluation to monitor tooth movement.

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Alveolar bone heights of maxillary central incisors in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients using cone-beam computed tomography evaluation

Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie ◽

10.1007/s00056-020-00276-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marcin Stasiak ◽

Anna Wojtaszek-Słomińska ◽

Bogna Racka-Pilszak

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Contralateral Side ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Rank Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Alveolar Bone Grafting

Abstract Purpose The aims of this retrospective cross-sectional study were to measure and compare labial and palatal alveolar bone heights of maxillary central incisors in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients, following STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. Patients and methods The study group consisted of 21 patients with a mean age of 16 years. High-resolution cone-beam computed tomography was performed at least one year after secondary alveolar bone grafting. The experimental side was the cleft side and the contralateral side without congenital cleft was the control. Measurements were performed on incisors’ midsagittal cross-sections. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for intergroup comparisons. Results The labial and palatal distances between alveolar bone crests and cementoenamel junctions were significantly greater on the cleft side than on the noncleft side. Mean differences were 0.75 and 1.41 mm, respectively. The prevalence of dehiscences at the cleft side maxillary central incisors was 52% on the labial surface and 43% on the palatal surface. In the controls, it was 19% and 14%, respectively. Conclusion The cleft-adjacent maxillary central incisors had more apically displaced alveolar bone crests on the labial and palatal sides of the roots than the controls. Higher prevalence of dehiscences was found on the cleft side. Bone margin differences predispose to gingival height differences of the central incisors. These differences could increase the demands of patients to obtain more esthetic treatment results with orthodontic extrusion and periodontal intervention on the cleft side.

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