scholarly journals Compression and hypoxia play independent roles while having combinative effects in the osteoclastogenesis induced by periodontal ligament cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Le Li ◽  
Jianru Yi ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Hypoxia Group ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACT Objective:  To investigate the isolated and combined effects of compression and hypoxia on the osteoclastogenesis induced by periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Materials and Methods:  A periodontal ligament tissue model (PDLtm) was established by 3-D culturing human PDLCs on a thin sheet of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold. The PDLtm was treated with hypoxia and/or compression for 6, 24, or 72 hours. After that, a real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for gene expression analysis. The conditioned media were used for the coculture of osteoblast and osteoclast (OC) precursors; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was done to examine OC formation. Results:  Either compression or hypoxia alone significantly up-regulated the gene expression of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines in the PDLtm and enhanced osteoclastogenesis in the cocultures, and the combination of the two had significantly stronger effects than either stimulation alone. In addition, comparing the two stimulants, we found that the osteoclastogenic property of the PDLCs peaked earlier (at 6 hours) in the compression group than in the hypoxia group (at 24 hours). Conclusions:  Both compressive force and hypoxia may take part in initiating osteoclastogenesis in orthodontic tooth movement and may have combinatory effects, which could update our concepts of the mechanisms involved in the initiation of bone resorption on the pressure side of the tooth in question.

Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 Genes in the Periodontal Ligament during Tooth Movement in Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Takahashi ◽  
M. Nishimura ◽  
K. Onodera ◽  
J.-W. Bae ◽  
H. Mitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Periodontal ligament tissue is remodeled on both the tension and compression sides of moving teeth during orthodontic tooth movement. The present study was designed to clarify the hypothesis that the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA is promoted during the remodeling of periodontal ligament tissue in orthodontic tooth movement. We used the in situ hybridization method and semi-quantitative reverse-transcription/polymerase chain-reaction analysis to elucidate the gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA. Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNA transiently increased on both the compression and tension sides during active tooth movement in vivo. The gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 was induced by tension, while compression indirectly promoted the gene expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 through soluble factors in vitro. Thus, we concluded that the expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 is differentially regulated by tension and compression, and plays an important role in the remodeling of the periodontal ligament.

scholarly journals In Vitro Compression Model for Orthodontic Tooth Movement Modulates Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Proliferation, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Julia Brockhaus ◽  
Rogerio B. Craveiro ◽  
Irma Azraq ◽  
Christian Niederau ◽  
Sarah K. Schröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts

Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts (hPDLF), as part of the periodontal apparatus, modulate inflammation, regeneration and bone remodeling. Interferences are clinically manifested as attachment loss, tooth loosening and root resorption. During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), remodeling and adaptation of the periodontium is required in order to enable tooth movement. hPDLF involvement in the early phase-OTM compression side was investigated for a 72-h period through a well-studied in vitro model. Changes in the morphology, cell proliferation and cell death were analyzed. Specific markers of the cell cycle were investigated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The study showed that the morphology of hPDLF changes towards more unstructured, unsorted filaments under mechanical compression. The total cell numbers were significantly reduced with a higher cell death rate over the whole observation period. hPDLF started to recover to pretreatment conditions after 48 h. Furthermore, key molecules involved in the cell cycle were significantly reduced under compressive force at the gene expression and protein levels. These findings revealed important information for a better understanding of the preservation and remodeling processes within the periodontium through Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during orthodontic tooth movement. OTM initially decelerates the hPDLF cell cycle and proliferation. After adapting to environmental changes, human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts can regain homeostasis of the periodontium, affecting its reorganization.

scholarly journals Force-induced decline of FOXM1 in human periodontal ligament cells contributes to osteoclast differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Jianyun Zhang ◽  
Dawei Liu ◽  
Yunan Liu ◽  
Yanheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Proliferation Capacity ◽  
Human Periodontal Ligament Cells

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate whether Forkhead family transcription factors are responsive to mechanical force and the resulting influence on the osteoclast differentiation mediated by human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Materials and Methods: A high-throughput RNA sequencing assay was performed in compressive force–stimulated and control human PDLCs. Alteration of FOXM1, a member of the Forkhead family transcription factors, was further confirmed by Western blotting and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Expression of FOXM1 was inhibited by either small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection or addition of its specific inhibitor Siomycin A. Then, cells were exposed to compressive force and co-cultured with the murine macrophage cell line Raw264.7, followed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining assay. Expression changes of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegetin (OPG) caused by FOXM1 suppression were measured. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity assay, and crystal violet staining assay were performed after FOXM1 inhibition. Results: FOXM1 transcription decreased after mechanical stimulation in PDLCs. Inhibition of FOXM1 promoted force-induced osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 and upregulated the RANKL/OPG ratio in PDLCs. Interference of FOXM1 led to promoted osteogenic differentiation but decreased proliferation of PDLCs. Conclusions: FOXM1 is a novel mechano-responsive gene in human PDLCs. Suppressing FOXM1 expression could promote osteoclast differentiation as well as RANKL/OPG in human PDLCs. FOXM1 also plays a role in controlling PDLC differentiation and proliferation capacity.

Clodronate Inhibits PGE2 Production in Compressed Periodontal Ligament Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 757-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Liu ◽  
K. Igarashi ◽  
H. Kanzaki ◽  
M. Chiba ◽  
H. Shinoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Rankl Expression ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Striking Increase ◽  
Pdl Cells ◽  
Cox 2

Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play an essential role in orthodontic tooth movement. We recently reported that clodronate, a non-N-containing bisphosphonate, strongly inhibited tooth movement in rats, and thus could be a useful adjunct for orthodontic treatment. However, it is not clear how clodronate affects the responses of PDL cells to orthodontic force. In this study, we hypothesized that clodronate prevents the mechanical stress-induced production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nitric oxide (NO) in human PDL cells. A compressive stimulus caused a striking increase in PGE2 production, while the responses of IL-1β and NO were less marked. Clodronate concentration-dependently inhibited the stress-induced production of PGE2. Clodronate also strongly inhibited stress-induced gene expression for COX-2 and RANKL. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of clodronate on tooth movement and osteoclasts may be due, at least in part, to the inhibition of COX-2-dependent PGE2 production and RANKL expression in PDL cells.

scholarly journals Effects of histamine and various histamine receptor antagonists on gene expression profiles of macrophages during compressive strain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Schröder ◽  
Catharina Petring ◽  
Anna Damanaki ◽  
Jonathan Jantsch ◽  
Peter Proff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Tissue hormone histamine can accumulate locally within the periodontal ligament via nutrition or may be released during allergic reactions by mast cells, which may have an impact on orthodontic tooth movement. In addition to periodontal ligament fibroblasts, cells of the immune system such as macrophages are exposed to compressive strain. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the impact of histamine on the gene expression profile of macrophages in the context of simulated orthodontic compressive strain. Methods Macrophages were incubated with different histamine concentrations (50, 100, 200 µM) for 24 h and then either left untreated or compressed for another 4 h. To assess the role of different histamine receptors, we performed experiments with antagonists for histamine 1 receptor (cetirizine), histamine 2 receptor (ranitidine) and histamine 4 receptor (JNJ7777120) under control and pressure conditions. We tested for lactate dehydrogenase release and analyzed the expression of genes involved in inflammation and bone remodeling by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results Histamine elevated gene expression of tumor necrosis factor under control conditions and in combination with pressure application. Increased prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase‑2 mRNA was observed when histamine was combined with compressive force. Interleukin‑6 gene expression was not affected by histamine treatment. In macrophages, compressive strain increased osteoprotegerin gene expression. Histamine further elevated this effect. Most of the observed histamine effects were blocked by the histamine 1 receptor antagonist cetirizine. Conclusions Histamine has an impact on the gene expression profile of macrophages during compressive strain in vitro, most likely having an impairing effect on orthodontic tooth movement by upregulation of osteoprotegerin expression.

scholarly journals Biomechanical and biological responses of periodontium in orthodontic tooth movement: up-date in a new decade

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Qi Zhan ◽  
Minyue Bao ◽  
Jianru Yi ◽  
Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Biological Responses

AbstractNowadays, orthodontic treatment has become increasingly popular. However, the biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) have not been fully elucidated. We were aiming to summarize the evidences regarding the mechanisms of OTM. Firstly, we introduced the research models as a basis for further discussion of mechanisms. Secondly, we proposed a new hypothesis regarding the primary roles of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and osteocytes involved in OTM mechanisms and summarized the biomechanical and biological responses of the periodontium in OTM through four steps, basically in OTM temporal sequences, as follows: (1) Extracellular mechanobiology of periodontium: biological, mechanical, and material changes of acellular components in periodontium under orthodontic forces were introduced. (2) Cell strain: the sensing, transduction, and regulation of mechanical stimuli in PDLCs and osteocytes. (3) Cell activation and differentiation: the activation and differentiation mechanisms of osteoblast and osteoclast, the force-induced sterile inflammation, and the communication networks consisting of sensors and effectors. (4) Tissue remodeling: the remodeling of bone and periodontal ligament (PDL) in the compression side and tension side responding to mechanical stimuli and root resorption. Lastly, we talked about the clinical implications of the updated OTM mechanisms, regarding optimal orthodontic force (OOF), acceleration of OTM, and prevention of root resorption.

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